• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 1984

As a series of studies to clarify clonorchicidal substances in body surface mucus of some freshwater fishes, the substance in the epidermal mucus of Cyprinus carpio was isolated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography and analysed for its chemical nature. Wormicidal trial was done in vitro, and the results obtained are summarized as follows: The mucus was extracted by ethyl ether and separated into 4 fractions by column chromatography using benzene as solvent. The second fraction with yellowish red colour among them showed the strongest clonorchicidal effect. The yellowish red fraction obtained by column chromatography was then fractionated into 6 spots by thin layer chromatography with petrol/ etherjchloroform (30/70, v/v), and the Rf. 0.714 spot among the 6 spots showed the strongest effect. The Rf. 0.714 spot was further fractionated into 6 spots by thin layer chromatography with benzene/acetone (90/10, vlv), and the Rf. 0.800 spot among the later 6 spots revealed the strongest effect. The Rf. 0.800 spot was chromatographed on column with benzene and 2 fractions were obtained. The second fraction of light brown colour represented the final purified fraction. By these Purification Procedures, clonorchicidal substance was Purified 15-fold with 0.035 yield from the mucus of C. carpio, and 10mg of the final fraction killed the cercaria in 26 min, the metacercaria in 115 min, and the adult in 443 min. Infra red and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analysis of the purified substance revealed that the substance belongs to an ethyl ester of unsaturated fatty acid with 2 double bonds, 15 methylene groups and 1 methyl group.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.588-597
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• 2016

Little attention has been paid to the functional aspect of the flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, compared to that of its root. To determine the components of flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, we conducted the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MASS spectrophotometric analysis. We detected the 24 different types of ingredients from the 70% ethanol extracts of flower petal of peonia lactiflora cv. ‘Red Charm’. The main compounds were quercetin glucopyranosides, methyl gallate, paonioflolol and kaemperol glucopyranosides. We further tested its functional activity. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extracts was 87.9-90.4% at 0.1mg/ml. This result showed that these flower extracts have approximately 5-fold stronger antioxidant potential than a previous report with root extracts (Bang et al. 1999). The result of tyrosinase inhibition assay of Paeonia lactflora extract was almost similar to that of arbutin except significantly higher effect in the coral sunset extract at 0.1% concentration. Hyaluronidase inhibition assay showed 76.5% inhibition at 5% concentration of this flower extract, indicating that Peaonia lactiflora flower extracts have the major anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and brightening effects. Taken together, these results suggest these three Paeonia lactiflora species extracts might provide the basis to develop a new natural brightening agent.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.619-627
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• 1997

It is known that 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone(menadione, MD) induces hepatotoxicities both in vivo and in vitro. These toxic effects are believed to result from oxidative damages to hepatocytes by "active oxygen" species via one-electron reduction of the naphtoquinone. The ginsenoside(GS) is a complex mixture of individual ginsenosides which is known to produce a range of effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. In particular, GS has an antioxidant effect. In this experiment we studied the effect of GS from red panax ginseng(red ginseng total saponin, RGTS) on free radical-induced liver injuries by MD. Administration of MD($150{\mu}M$) caused an increase in aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activities and lipid peroxidation, decrease in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities and total bilirubin levels in blood, caused depletion of GSH and changes of antioxidant enzyme(superoxide dismutase, catalase) activities are shown in liver tissue. Administration of RGTS restored the AST levels that increased by MD, but catalase showed no significant changes. RGTS also had an effect of restoring the GSH level and had some synergistic effects with SOD. These data suggest that RGTS may have some protective effects on liver injury which is related with the oxygen free radical.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.15
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• pp.542-545
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• 2002

High performance organic electroluminescnet(EL) devices which are composed of organic thin multilayer films are fabricated. The basic structure is ITO/Emitting layer/LiF/Al in which have a blended emitting layer. The emitting layer is consisted of a host material(N,N' diphenyl-N,N' (3-methyl phenyl)-l,l'-biphenyl-4,4'diamine)(TPD)) and a guest emitting material(poly(3-hexylthiophehe)(P3HT)). We think that the energy transfer in blending layer occurred from TPD to P3HT. Red emitting multilayer EL devices were fabricated using tris(8-hydroxyqunolinate) aluminum$(Alq_3)$ as electron transport material. The device structure of ITO/blending layer(TPD+P3HT)$/Alq_3$/LiF/Al was employed. In the Voltage-current-luminance characteristics of multilayer device, the device tum on at the 2V and the luminance of $10{\mu}W/cm^2$ obtain at l0V. Red emission peak at 640nm was observed with this device structure. We have presented evidence that the excitation energy migration between a polymeric host and guest has to be explained. And by using multilayer, the red light emitting EL device enhances not only Voltage-current-luminance characteristic but also stability of device.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2013

A series of highly efficient red phosphorescent heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes 1-6 containing two cyclometalating 2-(2,4-substitued phenyl)quinoxaline ligands and one chromophoric ancillary ligand were synthesized: (pqx)$_2Ir$(mprz) (1), (dmpqx)$_2Ir$(mprz) (2), (dfpqx)$_2Ir$(mprz) (3), (pqx)$_2Ir$(prz) (4), (dmpqx)$_2Ir$(prz) (5), (dfpqx)$_2Ir$(prz) (6), where pqx = 2-phenylquinoxaline, dfpqx = 2-(2,4-diflourophenyl)quinoxaline, dmpqx = 2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)quinoxaline, prz = 2-pyrazinecarboxylate and mprz = 5-methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxylate. The absorption, emission, electrochemical and thermal properties of the complexes were evaluated for potential applications to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The structure of complex 2 was also determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 2 exhibited distorted octahedral geometry around the iridium metal ion, for which 2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)quinoxaline N atoms and C atoms of orthometalated phenyl groups are located at the mutual trans and cis-positions, respectively. The emission spectra of the complexes are governed largely by the nature of the cyclometalating ligand, and the phosphorescent peak wavelengths can be tuned from 588 to 630 nm with high quantum efficiencies of 0.64 to 0.86. Cyclic voltammetry revealed irreversible metal-centered oxidation with potentials in the range of 1.16 to 1.89 V as well as two quasi-reversible reduction waves with potentials ranging from -0.94 to -1.54 V due to the sequential addition of two electrons to the more electron-accepting heterocyclic portion of two distinctive cyclometalated C^N ligands.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2011

Korean red ginseng (KRG) is a valuable and important traditional medicine in East Asian countries and is currently used extensively for botanical products in the world. KRG has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system (CNS) suggesting its complicated action mechanisms. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) are involved in orofacial nociceptive processing. Some studies reported that KRG has antinociceptive effects, but there are few reports of the functional studies of KRG on the SG neurons of the Vc. In this study, a whole cell patch clamp study was performed to examine the action mechanism of a KRG extract on the SG neurons of the Vc from juvenile mice. KRG induced short-lived and repeatable inward currents on all the SG neurons tested in the high chloride pipette solution. The KRG-induced inward currents were concentration dependent and were maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a voltage gated $Na^+$ channel blocker. The KRG-induced inward currents were suppressed by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist and/or picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid $(GABA)_A$ receptor antagonist. However, the inward currents were not suppressed by d,l-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, an NMDA receptor antagonist. These results show that KRG has excitatory effects on the SG neurons of the Vc via the activation of non-NMDA glutamate receptor as well as an inhibitory effect by activation of the $GABA_A$ receptor, indicating the KRG has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the CNS. In addition, KRG may be a potential target for modulating orofacial pain processing.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2016

가락지나물은 장미과에 속하는 다년생 초본으로 potentillin, agrimoniin 등 생리활성물질은 한약재와 화장품 원재료로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 가락지나물의 재배 시 차광, 광질 및 화학적 elicitation에 따른 생육, 바이오매스, 엽록소함량, 생리활성물질 함량 축적효과를 조사하여 생산조건을 구명하고자 하였다. 온실에서 재배 중인 가락지나물을 각각 다른 차광조건[0% (200 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), 35% (95 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), 55% (65 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), 75% (40 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)]에서 60일간 재배한 결과, 엽록소 함량과 카로티노이드 함량은 35% 처리구에서 가장 높았으나 개체당 초장, 엽수와 바이오매스는 무차광구에서 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 식물생장상 내(25 ± 2℃, 185 ± 3 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)에서 형광등과 3가지 혼합광원 [red:white:blue(RWB) = 8:1:1, red:blue(RB) = 8:2, red:green:blue(RGB) = 8:1:1] 처리구에서 재배한 결과, RWB 처리구에서 생장, 바이오매스, 엽록소함량, 총 페놀화합물과 플라보노이드 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 모든 처리구에서 높았으며, 특히 형광등과 RGB 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 화학적 elicitor (SA; salicylic acid, MeJA; methyl jasmonate)를 0, 50, 100, 200 μM 농도별로 처리한 결과, 무처리구와 MeJA 50 μM 처리구에서 초장, 엽병직경, 바이오매스가 높게 조사되었다. 또한 MeJA 50 μM 처리구의 생체중과 건체중이 높은 것으로 나타났다. SA 50 μM 처리구에서의 총 페놀화합물(33.20 ㎎·g DW⁻¹)과 플라보노이드 함량(7.18 ㎎·g DW⁻¹)은 높게 분석되었으나 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 MeJA 200 μM 처리구(88.65%)에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 가락지나물의 높은 생장, 바이오매스, 기능성물질 함량을 얻기 위한 온실과 식물생장상 내 최적의 차광 및 광질조건을 구명하였으며, 화학적 elicitation 농도에 따른 생리활성물질 함량과 항산화도를 확인하였다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 Methyl Bromide를 대체할 15% Ethylene Oxide + 85% HFC 134a, 20% Ethylene Oxide + 80% $CO_2$, 99% Sulfuryl Fluoride + 1% Inert Gas를 이용하여 훈증처리 시, 금속, 안료, 섬유 및 지류시편에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 실험이다. 15% Ethylene Oxide + 85% HFC 134a을 200g/$m^3$, 48시간 훈증 처리 한 결과 Cu 시편은 1차 및 2차 훈증처리 실험 모두 육안으로 식별할 수 있는 평균 3.40, 4.17의 색차값을 나타났다. 그 외의 시편에서는 색차값이 3.0 미만으로 나타났다. 20% Ethylene Oxide + 80% $CO_2$을 150g/$m^3$, 48시간 처리한 1, 2차 훈증처리 모두 전체적으로 실험군의 색차값이 평균 3.0 미만으로 나타났으며 이는 육안으로 식별할 수 없는 미미한 색차이다. 이에 따라 이 연구에 사용된 재질에 비교적 안정적이라고 판단된다. 99% Sulfuryl Fluoride + 1% Inert Gas로 50g/$m^3$, 48시간 처리한 결과, 안료 중 장단 시편은 1, 2차 훈증처리 시 대조군의 색차값과 비교하여 보았을 때 3.0이상 색차값의 변화가 나타났다. 그 외의 시편에서는 색차값이 평균 3.0 미만으로 나타났다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2018

현재 한국 판벽화에 대한 연구는 극히 드물며 정확한 정의, 손상원인 등의 연구 또한 명확히 이루어지지 않고 있다. 따라서 판벽화 및 단청의 채색층 박리부위 고착을 위한 고착처리제의 내후성을 비교하였다. 시료는 육송 위 총 5종의 호분, 자황, 석간주, 뇌록, 삼청안료를 채색하고 아교, 우뭇가사리, Methyl cellulose, PVAc계열 고착제(Caparol binder) 총 4종의 고착제를 각각 농도 0.5%, 1.5%로 도포하여 비교하였다. 고착 보존처리 후 문화재에 발생할 수 있는 환경변화 요소인 온 습도, 자외선을 인위적으로 조사(照射)하였다. 조사 후 환경에 따른 물성 변화는 색차변화, 박리손상도 평가, 표면관찰을 통해 다각적으로 관찰하였다. 실험결과, 아교는 타 고착제들에 비해 모든 채색층이 안정적으로 고착되었으나 실외에 노출되어 있는 삼청에 사용할 시 황변이 우려되었다. 우뭇가사리는 아교와 마찬가지로 삼청은 자외선에 의한 영향을 받으나 이외에 급격한 온 습도 변화에는 타 고착제에 비해 고착력이 가장 우수했다. Methyl cellulose는 일정 이상 농도에서 광택에 유의하여야 하며 급격한 온 습도 변화에 비교적 강했으며 PVAc계열 고착제(Caparol binder)는 타 고착제들에 비해 고착성이 현저히 떨어졌다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.203-207
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• 1989

지시약 메틸레드 용액을 시료용액에 첨가하고 지시약의 산형의 최대흡수파장과 염기형의 최대 흡수파장 및 등흡광점에서 이 시료액 흡광도를 측정하였다. 이를 측정한 흡광도로부터 이 용액의 pH를 계산하였다. 등흡광점에서 흡광도 범위를 0.1내지 0.3으로 유지하고 시료용액의 pH가 $pK_I{\pm}1$내에서, pH측정오차는 ${\pm}$0.08pH 단위 이내이었다.