• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.668-671
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• 2009

Photosensitive polyimide containing methoxy cinnamate derivatives as a photo-alignment layer is investigated. The anisotropy of alignment layer was induced by irradiation linearly polarized UV (LPUV). We studied the effect of the methoxy cinnamate groups on alignment LCs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.993-999
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• 2011

The photoreactive prepolymers with multifunctional cinnamate and bisphenol Atype cinnamate groups that could perform photodimerization without photoinitiators were synthesized by the reaction of t-cinnamic acids (CAs) and epoxy resins. Their photocure reaction rates and the extent of reaction conversion were measured with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and these increased with the intensity of UVirradiation. The experimental data of these reaction rates showed the characteristics of nth-order kinetics reaction, and all kinetic constants of each photoreactive polymer with this equation were summarized. Although the GTR-1800-HCA and KWG1-EP-HCA with hydroxyl group substituted cinnamate showed lower reaction conversion rates and rate constant than GTR-1800-CA and KWG1-EP-CAwith an unsubstituted cinnamate group, GTR-1800-MCAand KWG1-EP-MCAwith methoxy group substituted cinnamate showed similar and higher reaction conversion rates than the former, respectively. These results were explained in terms of segmental mobility for photopolymerization by molecular interactions.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

HEMA, AA, MMA, and EGDMA as crosslinking agent and AIBN as an initiator, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-ethylhexyl-trans-4-methoxy-cinnamate, 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)benzophenone as additives at 0.1-1.0% ratios were used to manufacture hydrophilic ophthalmic lenses through thermal polymerization before their physical properties were measured. The results showed that the samples containing of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2-ethylhexyl-trans-4-methoxy-cinnamate resulted in a decrease of the UV blocking performance after high-pressure sterilization whereas the sample containing 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)benzophenone showed no change in the UV blocking performance. It is judged that this is induced by presence or absence of an acyl functional group in benzophenone.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2001

Photocyclizable poly(cinnam-4'-yl methyl methacrylate) derivatives bearing methoxy benzene (PMCMMA), anthracene (PACMMA), and coumarin (PCCMMA) have been synthesized via Heck type reaction. Three different types of polymers are photoreactable usin g linearly polarized UV light and applicable as liquid crystal alignment layer. Anthracence and coumarin containing polymers (PACMMA, PCCMMA) have better thermal stability than PMCMMA. This observation may be attributed to the glass transition temperature elevation due to the bulky size and another photocrosslinking site provided by anthracene or coumarin group.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2017

Exposure to UV light, i.e., UV-A (320-400 nm) or UV-B (290-320 nm) radiation, can cause skin cancer. Titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) effectively disperses UV light. Therefore, it is used as a physical UV filter in many UV light blockers. Usually, the $TiO_2$ content in commercialized UV blockers is 25 % at most. To block UV-B, a chemical UV blocker, octyl-methoxy cinnamate (OMC) is used. OMC is commonly used in combination with $TiO_2$. In this study, $TiO_2$ and OMC were mixed in different proportions to produce UV blockers with different compositions. Also the changes in the sun protection factor (SPF) based on the composition and $TiO_2$ particle sizes were investigated. In order to analyze the $TiO_2$ particle size, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) were used. The results showed that the SPF was influenced by the proportion of $TiO_2$ and OMC, where the proportion of $TiO_2$ induced a more significant influence. In addition, changes in the $TiO_2$ particle size based on the proportion of OMC were observed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.483-491
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• 2013

Objectives: Electronic cigarettes are battery powered devices that convert a nicotine-containing liquid into an inhalable vapor. The device aerosolizes nicotine so that it is readily entrained into the respiratory tract, from where it enters the bloodstream. Information on the safety of E-cigarettes is required. Methods: Seventeen articles on studies analyzing toxic substances in the liquid and gas phases of electronic cigarettes were reviewed. Results: Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, known to be carcinogenic agents in humans or animals, were detected in the liquid and gas phases. In addition, diethyl phthalate, acetone, ethanol, cresol, xylene, propylene, styrene, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol cis-3-hexen-1-ol, methyl cinnamate and undecane were identified in the liquid and gas phases of E-cigarettes. Propylene glycol, glycerin, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-hydroxy-2- propanone, acetic acid, 1-menthone, 2,3-butanediol, menthol, carvone, maple lactone, benzyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2-pentanoic acid, ethyl mantel, ethyl cinnamate, myosamine, benzoic acid, 2,3-bipyridine, cotinine, hexadecanoic acid, and 1'1-oxybis-2-propanol were detected in the vapors of E-cigarettes. Conclusion: The hazardous compounds identified in the liquid and gas phases of E-cigarettes should be controlled for the lowest concentrations in the raw materials and production procedures.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1992년도 자외선 차단 화장품의 SPF에 관한 심포지움(대한화장품학회)
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• pp.97-114
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• 1992

In these days sun products are developed and produced by the cosmetic scientists in the world. Peoples need strongly to protect themselves from the hazardous UV rays dued to the destruction of ozone layer. Therfore, we, cosmetic scientists must have an effort to produce the more effective goods. In this article the market survey of sun-products as well as the currency of sunscreen agents was investigated. It was found that Benzophenone - 3 and Ocytyl methoxy cinnamate were widely used. The lotions, using Benzophenone - 3 as the chemical agents, and TiO$_2$and micro TiO$_2$ as the physical agents, were measured the UV-Spectrum in the Dilution and Application method. Photoprotective activity of chemical agents can usually be measured in solution state. However, that of the insoluble physical agents such as TiO$_2$is hardly measured in this state. Photoprotective ability of the insoluble physical agents was able to be measured by application of lotions to the surface of UV cells. It was found by this method that micro TiO$_2$showd stronger UV scattering effect than TiO$_2$in this method.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.84-101
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• 1996

동물시험을 최소화 하고, 동물시험에 사용되는 노력과 비용을 줄이기 위해 동일한 동물에서 광독성과 광알러지성을 함께 보는 새로운 방법을 제안하고, in vitro alternatives로서 photostability와 spectrophotometric carbonyl assay의 유용성을 검토하였다. Modified photosensitization model에서는 Ichikawa 방법과는 달리 동물수, 휴식 기간, 첩포 횟수를 단순히하고 폐쇄 첩포를 추가하였다. 방법의 유용성을 보기 위해 Benzocaine, 6-methyl coumarine을 Ichikawa 방법 및 본 시험 방법으로 결과를 비교한 결과 macroscopic, histologic examination에서 비슷한 결과를 얻었다. Photostability 시험에서는 pbotoreactive agent 들이 모두 20%이상의 흡광도 감소를 보여 pbotosensitization potential을 측정하기 위한 전 단계 실험으로서의 가능성을 보여주었고, spectrophotometric carbonyl assay에서는 salmonella를 이용한 광독성 실험에서는 나타나지 않았던 저농도의 Amthracene, Hematoporphyrin에서 조차도 phtotoxic prtential을 보여주어 in vitro alternatives로서의 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2004

화장품에서 유기 화합물인 OMC(octyl methoxy cinnamate)와 무기 소재인 TiO$_2$가 자외선 차단제로 가장 보편적으로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 OMC는 skin trouble이 있고, TiO$_2$는 첨가량에 비해서 자외선 차단 효율이 OMC보다 낮고 입자의 크기효과에 의해 백탁 현상이 나타나는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 두 성분이 갖는 단점을 보완하는 방법으로 OMC를 나노에멀젼시키고, 이 나노에멀젼-OMC를 나노-TiO$_2$ 미립자로 포접하여 자외선 차단효과를 극대화 하면서, 피부에 OMC가 직접적으로 적용하지 못하도록 하는 방법을 연구하였다. 특히 계면활성제를 boundary로 하는 유기/무기 hybrid nano-material에서 TiO$_2$ 미립자와 OMC-에멀젼이 나노 크기가 되면 백탁 현상이 나타나지 않는 투명한 화장품을 제조할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 나노-에멀젼 OMC를 TiO$_2$로 포집하는 과정에서 hydrophilic character를 갖는 레시친으로 TiO$_2$를 안정화하여 보습성을 더욱 향상시켰다. 합성한 inorganic-organic hybrid nano-material는 TEM을 이용하여 나노 미립자의 morphologies를 규명하였고, UV-Visible spectrometer를 이용하여 자외선 흡수를 측정하였다. 또한 X-ray diffractometer를 이용하여 나노-에멀젼 OMC를 포집하고 있는 TiO$_2$ 미립자가 갖는 특성인 pore의 크기와 구조를 측정하였다. 화장품적인 응용으로서 SPF analyzer 측정결과 기존의 powder-OMC에 비하여 우수한 자외선 차단 효과를 나타내었으며, OMC의 피부 침투도 훨씬 줄일 수 있어 OMC의 피부 부작용을 크게 줄일 수 있을 것이다.>$\pm$0.06 $\mu$g/g 범위였다. 4. 날결명자 분말첨가군 각 조직에 축적된 카드뮴 함량이 제일 낮았던 C4를 Cl과 비교한 결과 뇌, 심장, 비장, 간, 폐, 고환, 신장, 대퇴부근육, 다리뼈에 각각 49.03, 22.56, 36.02, 35.75, 41.75, 36.20, 37.00, 22.77, 56.67 %의 감소를 보였으며, 각 장기의 함량은 뇌<다리뼈<대퇴부 근육<고환<폐<심장<비장<신장<간 순 이었다. 5. 카드뮴 총 섭취량으로 장기 및 조직의 카드뮴 평균함량에 대한 축적율은 카드뮴만 섭취한 군(Cl) 의 경우 7.14%이었으며, 결명자 분말 첨가군인 C2, C3, C4군의 경우 각각 4.91, 4.81, 4.50 %이었다. 6. 체모의 카드뮴 함량은 Cl군이 가장 높았고, 결명자 첨가군들의 카드뮴 함량은 6주째까지 모든 시험군에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 6주 이후에는 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 7. 분변 중 카드뮴 함량은 C4군이 가장 높았고, 결명자 첨가군들의 카드뮴 함량은 C3군과 C4군을 제외한 나머지 군들에서 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 6주째에 카드뮴 함량이 감소되는 경향을 보였다가 6주 이후에 다시 카드뮴 함량이 증가하는 경향이었다.erefore the guidelines for iron supplementation and nutritional education to improve their iron status should be provided.한 질소제거를 N-balance로부터 구해보면, R3 반응조의 경우가 가장 높은 제거율(40.9%)을 보였다. 이상의 결과들을 볼 때, Bncillus 균주는 호기적 탈질을 일으킬 수 있는 가능성이 있고, Bncillus 균주를 이용한 B3 공정은 탈질에 이용되는 탄소량이 거의 없고, 적은 alkalinity 소모에 의한 경제적 이익 등 장점을 가진 공정으로 보여 진다.수록 푹신한 감이 있는