• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2019

Purpose: In beauty industry, service quality is very critical, because it impacts on the customer's positive attitude and behavior to the beauty salon or beauty brand. Thus, this research examines the effects of service attributes on customer satisfaction and loyalty in beauty salon. This research suggests the guidelines for how beauty salons should manage their physical environment, price policy, professional skills, and employees that improve management and business performance. Research design, data, and methodology: This study examines the structural relationship between service attributes, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Service attributes divide into four sub-dimensions such as servicescape, price service, technical service, and employee service. In order to test the purposes of this research, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and examined in previous studies. A total of 160 questionnaires were distributed and collected, and 150 were used for analysis except 10 that were unresponsive or unfaithful. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical package program. Result: The results of this research are as follows. First, all sub-dimensions of service attributes such as servicescape, price service, technical service, and employee service have significant positive impacts on satisfaction. Second, customer satisfaction have significant impact on loyalty. Conclusions: This study suggests an integrated model of the relationship that the characteristics of beauty salon service attributes affect customer loyalty through satisfaction, and suggests how to manage and allocate limited resources in the beauty industry. The findings of this research indicate that the level of customer satisfaction is shown to be increased by servicescape, technical characteristics, value of money, and human attributes. Thus, beauty salon management should focus on the relationship with their customers how to improve customer loyalty through satisfaction. The quality of beauty service influences customer's attitudes and behaviors toward beauty salon. Considering the beauty business, where the quality and customer satisfaction of beauty services are determined by the hairdresser's beauty skills,, the beauty salons must find ways to improve their skills and new trend of hair style. If beauty salon customers perceive the high quality of beauty service, they revisit beauty salon and recommend it to others.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.827-835
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• 2022

Commercial boiled frozen ark shell Scapharca subcrenata (BFAS) is generally used as a seasoned seafood products. One problem facing the industry is that quality decreases during thawing. This study investigated ways to improve quality and shelf-stability of BFAS for use as a non-thermally prepared seasoned seafood products. The Viable bacteria were detected in BFAS after thawing under running water, but were not detected after blanching for over 2 min at 95±5℃. Blanching and dewatering times were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) to reduce the initial number of bacteria and improve BFAS texture. Experimental design was deemed appropriate because no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between predicted and actual moisture content, hardness, and overall acceptance values. Optimal blanching and dewatering times were 210 s and 80 s, respectively. Optimized blanching and dewatering processes can significantly improve safety and BAFS qualities including texture. These results indicate that BFAS demand as a staple for home meal replacements can be increased by application of optimized blanching and dewatering processes, especially in Korean seafood processing companies where running water thawing is common.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to strengthen the economic cooperation between Korea and Japan by studying the pattern of trade between them and identifying drawbacks. Thus, it aims to enable trade expansion by analyzing the factors that affect trade and identifying ways to improve them. If economic cooperation is improved, transport and communication costs, as well as the transaction cost of economic exchanges, can be minimized. Research design, data, methodology - The trade intensity index developed by the Japanese economist Yamazawa under his trade intensity theory was used to analyze the trade decision factor of Korea and Japan. Trade structure and decision factors were analyzed for the target period of 2000 to 2012, and the period ranging from 2000 to 2005 was compared with the period ranging from 2005 to 2012. This paper is an analysis of the resultant time series. The data were collected from Korea Traders Association, Korea Customs Office, and UN Comtrade (2000, 2005, 2012) and whole table indexes were calculated by the author. Trade related index was used to analyze the comparative advantage based on time-series analysis statistics data (2000. 2005, 2012) through an analysis of the trade intensity index (TII), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and trade specialization index (TSI). Results - The trade intensity index of the industries of Japan and Korea is 1.814 in 2000. The export ratio of Japan against China was slightly higher at 2.128. TII is indicated to be 1.600 in both 2005 and 2012, which means export ratio of Japan against China is considerably maintained in 2005; however, export ratio of Japan against China is diminishing gradually as its index is 1.600 in 2012. Second, as per the trade specialization index of the ship industry in Japan and China, TSI is indicated to be -0.818 in 2000, -0.308 in 2005, and -0.847 in 2012. Generally, it is still closer to -1 and especially, we can see it is more closer to -1 in 2012. Third, as per the revealed comparative advantage index of the ship industry in Japan and China, the RCA index in 2012 is 0.007, which is quite far from 1 as compared to the value in 2000 and 2005. Hence, the Japanese ship industry has a significant comparative disadvantage against the Chinese ship industry. Conclusions - Both countries invest most of their capital in the shipping industry. It is the shipping industry that receives the most capital investment in the two countries is invested and governmental policy funds are needed. As both countries have large shipping industries, this research project is very valuable. Japan and China are compared because they are Korea's neighbors. Also, Korea is strategically located in Northeast Asia and has a history of foreign intrusion from several countries. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to understand the trade structures of both countries and intensify the economic cooperation between Japan and China.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2016

Purpose - Our research started out with an assumption that a further study about the competency of B2B and B2C salespeople is needed, and has thus focused on enhancing their abilities throughout various fields. It seems that the ability of sales representatives has a positive influence on the image and revenue of the company. Since businesses find it apparent that the role of salespeople will become significant in the future, our research aims to provide a foundation for future research on exploring the necessary competencies for salespeople by conducting an in-depth interview as well as survey. Research design, data, and methodology - The methods of our research can be broken down into four steps - an interview on salespeople, eliciting salespeople's potential competency, surveys, and analysis. First, our research team conducted interviews on forty subjects. Second, we strived to elicit potential competency of salespeople based on data gained from previous studies and in-depth interviews. And Third, we came up with our own survey templates. Last but not least, our research team analyzed the results from the surveys to elicit necessary capabilities for the salespeople. Results - The results of our research show a clear distinction between B2B and B2C salespeople on all categories that we measured such as the character fitness, competence of emotion and sales marketing. As for B2B salespeople, the results indicated openness(M: 3.8265) in character fitness, and self-motivation(M: 4.1887), group cognition(M: 3.8735), teamwork(M: 3.9956) in competence of emotion, and previous research(M: 3.8735), proposal of values(M: 4.3873), cooperation with other team(M: 4.0441) in competence of sales marketing. The difference in capability required between B2B salespeople and B2C salespeople was very pronounced. Conclusions - For future studies, enhanced pool of subjects with various backgrounds is needed in order for our research to reach a wide range of population. The results from our research are advised to be used for eliciting the competency required by salespeople and for a practical application to further enhance their competency. Companies need continuous efforts to develop the skills of salespeople based on competence analysis and research of sales representatives.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2005

둥굴레 근경의 증자 및 열처리 중 수용성 고형분 및 Pb, Cd 제거율의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 반응표면분석(RSM)을 활용하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 증자시간($60{\sim}180$ min), 볶음온도($110{\sim}150^{\circ}C$) 및 볶음시간($10{\sim}50$ min)을 달리하여 16구간으로 제조된 시료의 수용성 고형분 함량, Pb 및 Cd 제거율을 측정하고 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 예측된 가용성 고형분의 최대값은 $71.47\%$ 이었으며, 이때의 증자 및 볶음조건은 증자시간 65.24분, 볶음온도 $126.93^{\circ}C$ 및 볶음시간 37.58분 이었다. 둥굴레 시료의 Pb 제거율은 증자시간 71.23분, 볶음온도 $119.81^{\circ}C$ 및 볶음시간 24.35분일 때 최대값 $18.87\%$이었으며, Cd 제거율은 증자시간 160.89분, 볶음온도 $126.43^{\circ}C$ 및 볶음시간 15.81분일 때 최대값 $50.85\%$로 예측되었다. 중금속 제거율을 고려한 둥굴레차의 품질특성을 극대화시킬 수 있는 증자 및 볶음조건은 증자시간 $165{\sim}180$분, 볶음온도 $120{\sim}135^{\circ}C$ 및 볶음시간 $30{\sim}45$분 범위로 예측되었다. 이상의 예측범위 내의 임의의 점에서 실제 실험한 실험치는 반응표면분석법에 의해 예측된 값과 유사한 경향을 보여 도출된 회귀식의 신뢰성을 검증할 수 있었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2016

Purpose - Although various studies have been conducted on the stress of service employees, there are still lack of studies regarding job stress and job satisfaction of call center workers. Especially there are quite few studies on the job stress according to employment type. This study focused on job stress and job satisfaction for call center employees and the correlation between the two factors and aimed to provide basic materials for seeking for the plans to reduce job stress and improve job satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - Frequency, percentage, and mean value were calculated through descriptive statistics in order to find out demographic characteristics, level of job stress, and job satisfaction. Differences in job stress according to employment type were calculated by using one-way ANOVA. Correlation between job stress and job satisfaction were identified through empirical analysis with Pearson's correlation coefficient. 150 materials were used for final analysis. The collected materials were analyzed to get statistics by using SPSS 20. Results - First, as for the job stress of call center workers, overall mean value was 2.54 in 4-point scales. Among the six sub-factors, job demands had the highest score, which was 2.67. Second, as for the job stress according to employment type, others showed higher score than mean value followed by contract job and full-time job in that order, in terms of job insecurity and organizational system. In terms of inappropriate remuneration, contract job showed higher score than mean value followed by others and full-time job. Third, as for the satisfaction with job, the mean value was 2.37 in 4-point scale and "very much satisfied" was only 3.3%. Lastly, in terms of job stress and job satisfaction, all sub-factors except for job demands showed significant correlation. The more job stress increased, the more job satisfaction decreased. Conclusions - First, as a result of analyzing job stress according to the employment type of call center workers, job stress increased more when the employment type was not full-time. Therefore, it was assumed that self-rescue efforts should be followed for effective employment management of call center business where contract employment takes most part as well as efforts to transfer them to full-time job. Second, decrease in job satisfaction of call center workers may affect the performance of an organization as well as service quality of the company providing the service. Therefore, various supports are required to decrease job stress and increase job satisfaction for call center workers through the expansion of rest area or break time. Third, I could recognize that there were lack of academic research on call center business in the whole service industry. Therefore, further research should be conducted more actively in the future. In particular, this study has special significance in the aspect that there were few studies on the job stress of call center workers according to employment type.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2019

Purpose - Consumers have memories of their past time that they have not experienced. So consumers want to experience the past time and get pleasure through historical contents such as movies or dramas. This is because the re-created the past time sets the identity of the consumers who live today, and in the process, it give consumers emotional comfort. Consumers do not remember and sympathize with all of their historical time. In general, consumers remember the time that their communities are proud of. As s result, historical content is seen as a hero, and through that, consumers can check their identity. Also consumers experience positive emotions such as self-esteem, gratitude and pride through identification with heroes. That is, through historical contents, consumers can identify themselves and replace the current negative emotions with positive ones. Therefore, this study presents narrative identity and historical nostalgia that can affect positive evaluation of historical contents and suggest the factors the can induce such effects. This study was conducted to explain what the consumption effect of historical content is from a marketing perspective and what constitutes a component of historical content as a factor driving this effect. Research design, data, and methodology - This study has developed a questionnaire with 8 Hypotheses. The Films ('Masquerade(2012)', 'Roaring Current(2014)', 'Assassination(2015)', 'The Age of Shadow(2016)') and dramas('Six Flying Dragon(2015-2016)', 'Mr. Sunshine(2018-2019)') were used as experimental contents. 268 college students participated in this empirical study, and structural equation model was used to verify hypotheses. Results - Frist, narrative identity affects positive evaluation of historical contents. Nostalgia affect positive evaluation of historical contents. and narrative identity affects positive response of historical nostalgia. Second, character act relevance, circumstance similarity, and character attractiveness have positive influence upon response of narrative identity. Lastly, empathy for story and vividness of representation have also positive influence upon response of historical nostalgia. Conclusion - This study contributes to the theoretical and managemental development of historical contents. This study shows that narrative identity and historical nostalgia are important for success of historical contents. In order for historical content to be successful, it must manage elements of character act relevance, circumstance similarity, and character attractiveness, empathy for story and vividness of representation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.490-499
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• 2017

현대사회의 복잡다기한 문제파악과 분석을 위해 최근들어 다양한 변수를 바탕으로 하는 복잡계 분석의 도입이 활발해 지고 있다. 외래부의 공간배치에 따른 환자들의 공간인지와 사용성을 미리 예측하는 것은 질 높은 병원서비스 제공을 위해 매우 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 객관적 분석을 위해 노인의 질환별 표준프로그램 절차 및 분석을 위한 지표를 마련하고 히트맵 분석과 정량적 분석을 통해 대기공간의 균일성을 평가하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 요양병원을 대상으로 복잡계 분석 방법을 이용하여 진료공간 접수공간 상담공간의 배치변화에 따른 4개 대안의 대기공간 균일성을 분석하기 위해 73개의 셀을 설치하여 시뮬레이션을 구축하고 그에 따른 밀도를 도출하였다. 연구를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1)대기공간의 전체 공간밀도는 접수공간의 배치가 가장 큰 영향을 미친다. 2)검사공간과 진료공간의 확실한 분리배치가 대기공간의 균일성을 높여주는 방안이다. 3)접수공간의 위치가 입구에서 가까울수록 대기공간의 밀도균일이 커진다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 대기공간 균일성 평가에 이산사건 시뮬레이션의 적용방안에 관한 연구로서, 행위자기반모델이 공간분석 방법론으로서의 활용과 평가에 활용도를 가질 수 있음을 입증하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2015

Purpose - The aim of this study is to develop an empirical model of the effects of traditional market service quality factors on customer value, relationship quality, and behavior. The specific objectives of the study are as follows: 1) to classify study objects into cultural tourism markets and non-cultural tourism markets as well as to verify the differences in service quality among the two markets and, 2) to present practical service marketing methods that fit with the characteristics of the traditional markets by amending the five quality evaluation items of SERVQUAL (a multiple-item scale for measuring service quality)to suit the characteristics of the traditional markets and establish the relationship among customer value, relationship quality, and behavior intention. Research design, data, and methodology - The study methods of empirical investigation are as follows. First, this study selected for a study object the Suwon Paldalmun Gate Market to represent the cultural tourism market, and general traditional markets to represent the non-cultural tourism market. This study also conducted personal interviews in order to increase the response rate and collected a total of 418 responses between March 18, 2014 and April 05, 2014. The total of 418 responses used for this study excluded 14 responses that had either misleading information or missing values. Results - This study verified the perceived differences of service quality based on traditional market specialization through an independent sample t-test. It appeared that the perceived service quality of the cultural tourism market was generally higher than that of the non-cultural tourism market. This study executed a path analysis in order to examine the effects of service quality factors on customer value, relationship quality, and behavior intention. This study also comprehensively analyzed the specialized market and non-specialized market separately. Although there were some differences among the results, the overall results were uniform. It appeared that convenience, reliability, and empathy, among the service quality factors, exerted meaningful effects on customer value. On the other hand, convenience, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy, excluding the tangibles, exerted meaningful effects on the relationship quality. In addition, it appeared that all service quality factors exerted meaningful effects on the customer value, relationship quality, and behavior intention. Therefore, the study verified that all of the hypotheses formulated in the study were generally adopted. Conclusions - The implication of this study may be classified into academic and practical implication as follows. With respect to the academic implication, it seems that this study is among the early studies to verify the differences between the cultural tourism market and the non-cultural tourism market. The practical implication of this study is that the perceived service quality, such as convenience, reliability, responsiveness, and tangibles, excluding empathy, was higher in the cultural tourism market than in the non-cultural tourism market. This means that customer satisfaction is enhanced by governmental aid such as hardware, software, and information and communications technology.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

Purpose - This article aims to examine whether the stock issuance of firms in the retail industry follows Myers' (1984) pecking order theory, which is based on information asymmetry. According to the pecking order model, firms have a sequence of financing decisions, of which the first choice is to use retained earnings, the second one is to get into safe debt, the next involves risky debt, and the last involves finance with outside equity. Since the 2000s, the polarization of the LEs (Large enterprises) and SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) arose in the retail industry. The LEs exhibited an improvement in growth and profitability, whereas SMEs had a tendency to degenerate. This study contributes to corroborating the features of financing decisions in the retail industry distinguished from the other industries. Research design, data, and methodology - This study considers the stocks listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets from 1991 to 2013, and is more concentrated on the stocks in the retail industry. The data were collected from the financial information company, WISEfn. The empirical analysis is conducted by employing two measures of net equity issues (and), which were introduced in Fama and French (2005), and can be calculated from firms' accounting information. All variables are generated as the aggregate value of the numerator divided by aggregate assets, which, in effect, treats the entire sample as a single firm. Substantially, the financing decisions of the firms were analyzed by examining how often and under what circumstances firms issue and repurchase equity. Then, this study compares the features of the retail industry with those of the other industries. Results - The proportion of sample firms that show annual net stock issues reaching the level of the year's average was 54.33% for the 1990s, and fell to 39.93% per year for the 2000s. In detail, the fraction of the small firms actually increases from 45.08% to 51.04%, whereas that of large firms shows a dramatic decline from 58.94% to 24.76%. Considering the fact that the large firms' rapid increase in growth after the 2000s may lead to an increase in equity issues, this result is rather surprising. Meanwhile, net stock repurchases of assets are considerably disproportionate between the large (-50.11%) and the small firms (-15.66%) for the 2000s. Conclusions - Stock issuance of retail firms is not in line with the traditional seasoned equity offering based on information asymmetry. The net stock issuance of the small firms in the retail industry can be interpreted as part of an effort to reorganize business and solicit new investment to resolve degenerating business performance. For large firms, on the other hand, the net repurchase can be regarded as part of an effort to rearrange business for efficiency and amplifying synergy across business sections through spin-off. These results can help the government establish a support policy on retail industry according to size.