• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.869-882
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• 2012

웹 서비스의 증가와 자동화된 공격 도구의 발달로 최근 대부분의 악성코드 유포 경로는 웹 서비스를 통하여 이루어지고 있다. 또한 웹의 기본 언어인 자바스크립트를 이용한 난독화 기법을 통해 악성코드 은닉 사이트의 URL이나 공격 코드를 숨기기 때문에, 기존 패턴 매칭 기반의 네트워크 보안 솔루션으로는 탐지에 한계가 존재하게 된다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 사용자의 웹브라우저에서 악성 자바스크립트를 탐지하기 위한 여러 방안이 제시되었지만, 최근 APT공격과 같이 특정 기업이나 조직 네트워크에 침투하기 위한 고도화된 공격에 대응하기에는 한계가 존재한다. 이런 유형의 공격에 대응하기 위해, 외부에서 유입되는 트래픽에 대해 난독화된 악성코드가 웹을 통해 유입되는지 일괄적인 탐지가 필요하며, 기존 패턴 매칭 기반 솔루션에서 탐지율의 한계를 극복하기 위해 난독화된 자바스크립트를 복호화 하여 숨겨진 악성코드를 탐지할 수 있는 새로운 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 오픈소스인 Jsunpack-n[1] 을 개량하여 자바스크립트의 함수 오버라이딩 기법과 별도의 자바스크립트 인터프리터를 통해 악성코드에 적용된 난독화 기법에 상관없이 숨겨진 악성코드를 자동적으로 탐지할 수 있는 도구를 제안한다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.636-648
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• 2008

Purpose: The smoking rates among teenagers in Korea grow gradually since 1980s despite of the numerous programs for youth smoking prevention and cessation have been developed and implemented. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the processes of habituating to smoking among teenagers using the grounded theory methodology. Method: Qualitative data was collected via six focus group interviews. A total of 38 people, twelve teachers and 24 middle school students participated in this study. All focus group interviews were tape-recorded. transcribed. and analyzed according to the grounded theory methodology. Results: The overriding theme of the elicited grounded theory was "stepping into a quagmire by a merest chance". The student participants began smoking by a simple chance. The contingent factors to starting smoking were "discord within the family", "family member's smoking", "schoolwork stresses". or "a rebellious spirit". The conditions of smoking included accessibility. going around in group, and the lack of discipline. "Stigmatizing", "involved in mob violence", and "making a poor academic record" coexisted as the covariance of the smoking habituation. Conclusion: The findings of this study illustrated the comprehensive and insightful picture of the phenomena under investigation. Nursing implications and further directions for research were discussed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.473-492
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• 2016

Objective: This paper discusses the recent challenges to human factors engineering due to the safety culture. Background: As incidents occurring in specific fields such as logistics, plant, energy and medical sectors in Korea, as well as in the public sectors including railway, road, aviation and shipping, are recently raised as social issues from the disaster dimension, those incidents are dealt with as man-made disasters in many cases. The trend regarding all accidents as man-made disasters has been expanded in the active perspective that the controllability of all incidents should be ensured in technology development, due to change from a fatal point of view regarding disasters as random occurrence of uncertainties in the past. Method: Man-made disasters are concluded as human errors, and safety culture stands out as a cause of human errors or a new cause item recently. Because safety culture, however, is a very comprehensive term, of which true nature is obscure, although many definitions of safety culture have been presented, the safety culture may make avoid the true nature and responsibility of an incident, or make the main player and subject obscure. Raising safety culture as a cause without presenting a specific countermeasure will be just a wisdom of hindsight. Results and Conclusion: This study reviews the fundamental discussions on "Is safety culture a task of human factors engineering?" and the existing approach carried out from various perspectives in order to seek an effective approach on the new task of safety culture in the human factors engineering field. This study discusses an engineering approach to meet a precondition that safety culture is not just an added factor through a review of the approaches in the proactive fields such as nuclear power and aviation, and the traditional approaches of human factors engineering. Application: This study especially defines the perspective of socio-technological system that has expanded the existing man-machine system, and discusses a systemic approach embracing various interactions, and several overriding tasks.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to report the current trends in the management of the hallux valgus (HV) deformity over the last few decades through a survey of the Korean Foot and Ankle Society (KFAS) members. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire containing 34 questions was sent to all KFAS members in September 2021. The questions were mainly related to the preferred techniques and clinical experience in correction in patients with an HV deformity. Answers with a prevalence of ≥50% of respondents were considered a tendency. Results: One hundred and nine (19.8%) of the 550 members responded to the survey. The most common symptom for determining surgical treatment was bunion pain (68.8%), and different surgical techniques were selected according to the following radiological parameters: HV angle 30 to 40 degrees and intermetatarsal angle 15 to 20 degrees. The two procedures most preferred by the respondents were distal chevron osteotomy (55.0%), and proximal chevron osteotomy (21.1%). In an average of 71.6% of respondents, Arkin osteotomy was performed simultaneously during HV surgery. HV accompanied by an overriding deformity of the second toe was most often addressed with a combination of second metatarsal osteotomy and soft tissue rebalancing procedure (35.8%). After HV surgery, the recurrence rate of HV deformity was found to be 12.2% on average and the surgeons who had performed minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for HV comprised 34.9% of the total respondents. Conclusion: This study provides updated information on the current trends in the management of the HV deformity in Korea. Both consensus and variation in the approach to patients with HV were identified by this survey study. Although MIS for HV has increased, it appears the consensus for selecting this method has not yet been established.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.597-615
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• 1994

This study is designed to facilitate the creation of home environment conducive to the family taking care of chronic bed-ridden patients with more effective method. The need for this study has emerged against the background of marked changes in the structure of ailments and causes of death, resulting in the number and plights of chronic bed-ridden patients as well as of a rapid increase in demand for medical care and resulting premature discharge. Keeping these in mind, this study focused on home-wards where the majority of chronic bed-ridden patients are being cared for. Despite. their overriding importance, home-words are less than efficient in caring (or chronic bed-ridden patients. These circumstances require the designing of home-wards that can offer greater comfort to patients and at the same time make things easier for caregivers, on the basis of an overall analysis of patients' life and home - ward situation. According1y this study adopted a Participant Observation Method derived cultural anthropology, Toward this end, 3 patients were chosen as subjects of this study for intensive interviewing and participant observation. In the process of this field re-search efforts were made to collect emprical data, that is, to faithfully record the words of the subjects and their caregivers for analysis and interpretation. The findings of these analyses are as follows. Firstly, the chronic bed-ridden patients are mostly being taken care by close family members. Secondly, a room for the exclusive use of the patient, floor, kitchen, bathroom and multipurpose space were found to be necessary for proper caring of the patient. These spaces were respectively used with a view to 1) accomodating the patient as well as caregivers' activities, 2) keeping general and medical supplies and other appliances for patient's care and drying the patient's washing, 3) preparing and keeping the patient's foods and beverages, 4) keeping the supplies necessary for cleaning the patient's body and treating the patient's eliminations, 5) washing the patient's clothes, underwears and bedclothes. The patient's room in turn is subdivided into six portions in terms of uses : specifically the places for accomodating 1) the patient, 2) medical supplies, 3) medicines, 4) linens St clothes, 5) bedclothes and, 6) diapers. Thirdly, the activities of the caregiver are subdivided into seven key areas : hygiene, exercise, diet, elimination, therapeutic nursing, prevention of sore, and other activities. Each area is further classified into several different activities of caring. These activities we mainly carried out in the patient's room. Fourthly, the supplies for caring the chronic bed-ridden patient is divided into two large domains : medical and general supplies. Finally, three main problems areas were found in this study on the part of caregivers, that is, sore prevention, hygiene problem related frequent urination / defecation, the caregiver's physical, psych ological and emotional burden. In consideration of the aforesaid problem areas, a model home-ward was developed in this study. The newly-developed model has been found to have the following six advantages. Firstly, the time and effort required for maintaining the patient's hygiene are reduced, thus relievins the caregiver's physical and psychological bur-den. Secondly, the patient's hygiene can be maintained in satisfactory conditions, because the patient's eliminations are more easily removed. Thirdly, skin irritations caused by the patient's eliminations were remarkably reduced and so were the patient's sores due to moisture and bacteria. Fourthly, the home-ward have a tilt-table ef-fect thanks to the inclining room floor. This improves the patient's cardiovascular function as well as constantly changes pressed skin areas and thus prevents sores. Fifthly, improved shelf arrangements help make the best use of patient's supplies. Sixthly, the trouble of continuously changing clothes, underwears, diapers & bedclothes is remarkably reduced simply by covering the patient with cotton sheets when laid in bed. This is espected to cut down expenses by reducing the comsumptions of diapers and other disposable supplies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.757-762
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• 2009

배경: May-Thurner 증후군은 좌측장골정맥이 우측장골동맥에 의해 눌리어 정맥 환류장해에 의해 혈전증을 일으키는 것을 말한다. 저자들은 심부 정맥혈전중의 치료를 위해 시행한 혈전 제거-용해술 및 스탠트 삽입술의 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: May-Thurner 증후군과 동반된 하지 심부정맥혈전증으로 진단받고 좌측 장골정맥에 스탠트를 삽입한 34명(평균연령 $64.6{\pm}13.7$세, 여자 25(74%)명)을 대상으로 하였다. 시술은 흡인성 혈전제거와 혈전용해 후 분지성 협착이 있는 곳에 Wall stent를 삽입하고 풍선 확장을 하였다. Multi side hole 카테타를 혈전이 있는 부위에 위치시키고 Urokinase를 시간당 8만에서 12만 International Unit을 1일 또는 2일 동안 주입하였다. 시술 중 폐동맥혈전색전증을 방지 하기 위하여 대부분 환자에서 시술 전 일시적 하대정맥 여과기(IVC Filter)를 삽입하였다. 퇴원 후 3개월간 경구용 와파린을 투여 하였으며 퇴원 전과 퇴원 후 6개월에 Multi Detector Computerized Tomography (MDCT) 혈관촬영을 이용하여 혈전의 유무를 판단하였다. 결과: 시술 48시간 이내 부종과 동통이 완전하게 소실된 환자가 2 (6%)명이었으며 증상의 완화가 있는 환자가 28 (82%)명, 증상의 호전이 없는 환자가 4 (12%)명이었다. 퇴원 시 MDCT혈관촬영에서 9 (26%)명에서 혈전없음, 21 (62%)명에서 부분 혈전, 그리고 4명(12%)에서 폐쇄소견을 보였다. 퇴원 6개월 후에 2명을 제외한 32명이 추적 MDCT혈관촬영을 하였는데 23 (72%)명에서 혈전없음을 9 (26%)명에서는 부분혈전이 관찰 되었다. 평균 5.6개월 관찰기간 동안 2 (6%)명에서 심부정맥혈전이 재발되어 재입원하였으며 하지 부종과 통증을 동반한 혈전 후 증후군은 9예(26%)에서 발생하였다. 결론: May-Thurner 증후군과 동반된 하지 심부정맥혈전환자에서 심부정맥혈전의 제거와 혈전용해술과 함께 시술된 스탠트 삽입은 효과적인 치료 방법으로 생각된다.