• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2022

Background: The treatment approach for proximal humeral fractures is determined by various factors, including patient age, sex, dominant arm, fracture pattern, presence of osteoporosis, preexisting arthritis, rotator cuff status, and medical comorbidities. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding the optimal treatment for displaced proximal humeral fractures. This study aimed to assess and quantify the decision-making process for either conservative or surgical treatment and the choice of surgical method among shoulder surgeons when treating proximal humeral fractures. Methods: Forty sets of true anteroposterior view, scapular Y projection view, and three-dimensional computed tomography of proximal humeral fractures were provided to 12 shoulder surgeons along with clinical information. Surveys regarding Neer classification, decisions between conservative and surgical treatments, and chosen methods were conducted twice with an interval of 2 months. The factors affecting the treatment plans were also assessed. Results: The inter-rater agreement was fair for Neer classification (kappa=0.395), moderate for the decision between conservative and surgical treatments (kappa=0.528), and substantial for the chosen method of surgical treatment (kappa=0.740). The percentage of agreement was 71.1% for Neer classification, 84.6% for the decision between conservative and surgical treatment, and 96.4% for the chosen method of surgical treatment. The fracture pattern was the most crucial factor in deciding between conservative and surgical treatments, followed by age and physical activity. Conclusions: The decision between conservative and surgical treatment for proximal humeral fractures showed good agreement, while the chosen method between osteosynthesis and arthroplasty showed substantial agreement among shoulder surgeons.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1971

년간 누에의 다회육을 하는 경우 어떠한 잠종을 어떻게 처리하여서 여기에 응할 수 있겠는가 하는 시험을 6월 상순부터 9월상순까지 매일 매일마다 처리한 잠종에 대하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 6월 상, 중순에 사육한 잠종은 복식냉장법과 단식냉장법과에서 차이가 없었으나, 6월 하순용 잠종은 복식냉장법이 양호하였다. 2) 7월 중순용 잠종은 즉침산냉장법이 양호하였다. 3) 7월 하순용 잠종은 즉침산냉장법이 양호하였으나 단기인공처리법에서는 재검토를 요한다. 4) 8월 하순용 잠종은 단기인공처리법으로서는 더욱 검토하여야 하고 또한 다른 방법을 강구하여야 하겠다. 5) 8월 중순용 잠종은 냉침법이 양호하나, 단기인공처리법도 가능성이 있어 앞으로 검토를 요한다. 6) 9월 상순용은 종래와 같은 냉침법이 양호하고, 또 냉침법은 앞으로 검토를 요한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

Preeminent water treatment plans are essential to preserve the water quality of aquatic biotopes. Previous studies have not been sufficient to provide cost-effective maintenance method since they focused only on the purification of deteriorated water that requires a continuous supply of clean water. This study proposes an economical method of water quality maintenance using water treatment media block constructed vertically using porous ceramics, zeolite, and river pebble. The water treatment media block does not require a separate purification area because it functions as a purifier within the ecological pond which can maximize the biotope area. To evaluate the performance of the water treatment media block, we longitudinally tracked the change of water quality indicators (pH, TDS, COND, DO, T-P, T-N, COD) suggested by Water Environment Standards, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea. We compared the water quality of one control (A: general ecological pond composition method of the laminated structure) and two experimental groups (B: a combination of aquatic plants and a water treatment media block, C: a water treatment media block only). As a result, we confirmed that the water treatment media block is an efficient and economical method to maintaining the water quality of the ecological pond for a long time. The water treatment media block will be a great help in providing a better aquatic biotope space for aquatic insects and fishes living in clear water.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2009

This study is purposed to list the full translation of "The secret method of tumor treatment(治瘇方)" and to report the results to the academic world. The results are described as follows. 1. It seems to be difficult to accept the current "The secret method of tumor treatment(治瘇秘方)" as the original script of "The method of tumor treatment(治瘇方)". It seemed that the Imeonguk(任彦國)'s 'Important and Valuable Method(遺方)' at the era of Joseon was copied by handwriting among the private sector. 2. There are contents which are overlapped with "Experience Method of Acupuncture(針灸經驗方)". A further study is required whether the "Experience Method of Acupuncture" was added later on. Because resolution for the before and after of these two books may be acted as an important matter to conjecture the related schools with acupuncture science. 3. The Korean style unique method and terminology were introduced frequently in "The method of tumor treatment". Besides that, materials for the medicine were filled with the things of easy-to-contact in our daily life. It is regarded as one of the excellent materials to confirm the superiority of oriental medical science through the clinical experiments today.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2008

The plasma processing is applied to many industrial fields as thin film deposition or surface treatment technique. In this study, we investigated large-area uniformed surface treatment of PET film at low temperature by using Scanning Plasma Method(SPM). Then, we measured difference and distribution of temperature on film's surface by setting up a thermometer. We studied the condition of plasma for surface treatment by examining intensity of irradiation of uniformed plasma. And we compared contact angles of treated PET film by using Ar and $O_2$ plasma based low temperature. In our result, surface temperature of 3-point of treating is low temperature about $22^{\circ}C$, in other hands, there is scarcely any variation of temperature on film's surface. And by using Ar plasma treatment, contact angle is lower than untreatment or $O_2$ plasma treatment. In case of PET film having thermal weak point, low temperature processing using SPM is undamaged method in film's surface and uniformly treated film's surface. As a result, Ar plasma surface treatment using SPM is suitable surface treatment method of PET film.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2001

The effect of pulp consistency on the deinking properties in the ozone deinking of ONP was investigated in order to develop the environmentally friendly deinking method. The pulp consistency and ozone treatment time were varied for this purpose. Higher pulp consistency during ozone treatment gave better ink removal efficiency than the conventional deinking method. In was also found that the increase of pulp consistency can decrease the ozone treatment time which can meet the deinking quality. WRV of ozone deinked pulp obtained at 10% and 30% of pulp consistencies was lower than those of the conventional deinking method. However, the higher pulp consistency during ozone treatment improved WRV. Highest brightness was obtained at the ozone treatment condition of 30% pulp consistency and 10 minutes. The lower brightness at the other ozone treatment condition should be originated from the excessive decrease of ink particle size and then decrease of true ink removal efficiency. Scott bond was increased with the increase of pulp consistency and treatment time. However, the improvement of breaking length with ozone treatment was no significant.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2001

상악암의 치료에는 일반적으로 수술요법과 방사선요법이 단독 또는 복합적으로 시행되어 왔다. 항암화학요법과 면역요법의 발전과 더불어 병용요법이 소개되었으며, 상악암에 대한 병용요법은 수술요법과 방사선요법 및 국소동주 화학요법을 병행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 상악암에 대한 병용요법의 효과를 알아보기 위하여, 상악암으로 진단된 환자에서 Morita법을 약간 변형한 병용요법으로 치료하고 추적관찰이 가능하였던 24례를 대상으로 임상적 및 병리조직학적으로 비교 분석하였다. 병용요법에 의해 5년생존율이 66%로 향상되었으며, 상악전적출술의 필요성이 감소되었다. 상악암에 대한 병용요법은 기존의 광범위한 수술적 치료방법과는 달리 악안면의 형태 및 기능 보존을 목적으로 선택될 수 있는 치료방법의 하나인 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2009

Background: This thesis aims at suggesting the direction for the introduction of public free treatment support system according to the establishment of [Special Education Law] and the right settlement of therapeutic support service. Method: It introduced the characteristics and the contents of school based PT & OT, diagnosis and evaluation, and operation method. It set up question items and presented intervention plan, and substantial intervention, beginning from the request of whole process. The diagnostic evaluation was described from 4 aspects, which are consideration matters in the time of document drawing and diagnostic evaluation, chiefly centering around SOAP. The flow of overall treatment support service, the allocation of 16 handicapped children for 1 therapist, and the weekly treatment frequency according to the treatment support location and environment were suggested in the concrete operation method. Result: The concrete method should be explored in order to provide handicapped students with requisite services, which are offered by various experts in the amended 'Special Education Law'. In addition, work condition and social welfare, which are equal to school teachers, should be provided for all experts. Conclusion: Along with these things, special education support center should establish the road-map for the education rehabilitation of the handicapped children from the evaluation of early diagnosis of the handicapped children to treatment support and lifelong education.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2011

Transcranial magnetic stimulation utilizes the method of controlling applied time and changing pulse by output pulse through power density control for diagnosis purposes. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can also be used in cases where diagnosis and treatment are difficult since output pulse shape can be changed. As intensity, pulse range, and pulse shape of the stimulation pulse must be changed according to lesion, the existing sine wave-shaped stimulation treatment pulse poses limitations in achieving various treatments and diagnosis. This study actualized a new method of transcranial magnetic stimulation that applies a 3 Stage 2 Switch( power semiconductor 2EA) for controlling pulse repetition rate by achieving numerous switching control of stimulation coil. Intensity, pulse range, and pulse shape of output can be freely changed to transform various treatment pulses in order to overcome limitations in stimulation treatment presented by the previous sine wave pulse shape. The method of freely changing pulse range by using 3 Stage 2 Switch discharge method is proposed. Pulse shape, composed of various pulse ranges, was created by grafting PFN (Pulsed Forming Network) through AVR AT80S8535 one-chip microprocessor technology, and application in transcranial magnetic stimulation was achieved to study the output characteristics of stimulation treatment pulse according to delaying time of the trigger signal applied in section switch.

• 한국기술사회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술사회 1984년도 한일 합동 심포지움
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• pp.52-60
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• 1984

As far as we handle industrial products, the painting process is prerequisite; and the preparatory treatment of materials is, therefore, indispensable to the above process. However, it is a matter for regret that people are liable to overlook the importance the treatment of materials at the preparatory stage, giving themselves up to the surface of finished goods. The preparatory treatment of materials is like backstage personnel (operations) in dramatic performance; the performance cannot be successful without the support of backstage operations in surface treatment. The various methods which are being applied widely as preparatory treatment are as follow: (1) the method by using hand tools such as grinders, etc. (2) the method with blasting (3) the method with chemical coating (4) the method by getting rid of fatty substance with organic solvent The methods No. 1 and No. 2 are in use mainly for larger structures, and those No. 3 and No. 4, either singly or combined, are applied for mass-produced, smaller items (acid cleaning is applied for getting rid of rust, as the case may be). The method No. 3 is used mainly as anti-rust by forming zinc phosphate film on the surface of steel plate or enhancing the bonding power of paints by taking advantage of irregular surfaces of films. Recently are no the market steel plates treated directly with film-coating by omitting the process No. 3. Furthermore, those goods painted include not only nonferrous goods but plastics and elastomer. The present discourse describes the cleaning process by using the steam of organic acid, picked up from among No. 4, and its equipment applied.