• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.493-503
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• 2018

Recently, as living standards have improved, many people are becoming more interested in health, and self-training is increasing through exercise to prevent and manage pre-illness. In general, an imbalance of muscles causes asymmetry of posture, which can cause various diseases by accompanying an adjustment force, circulation action, displacement of internal organs, etc.. In this study, the development of fitness software that can be self - training among smart wears has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this study, a technology was proposed for the commercialization of self - trainer fitness wear by a simulation through Android - based applications. Self - trainer fitness software was developed by combining a conductive polymer, fashion design, sewing, and electric and electronic technology to monitor the unbalance of the muscles during exercise and make smart wear that can calibrate the asymmetry by oneself. In particular, a polymer sensor was fabricated by deriving the optimal MWCNT concentration, and the electrode signal was collected by attaching the electrode to the optimal position, where the electrode signal line using the conductive fiber was designed and attached to collect the signal. A signal module that converts the bio-signals collected through electrical signal conversion and transmits them using Bluetooth communication was designed and manufactured. Self-trainer fitness software that can be commercialized was developed by combining noise cancellation with Android-based self-training application using a software algorithm method.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2001

Purpose : $T_2$-weighted half courier Echo Planar Imaging (T2HEPI) method is proposed to reduce measurement time of existing EPI by a factor of 2. In addition, high $T_2$ contrast is obtained for clinical applications. High resolution single-shot EPI images with $T_2$ contrast are obtained with $128{\times}128$ matrix size by the proposed method. Materials and methods : In order to reduce measurement time in EPI, half courier space is measured, and rest of half courier data is obtained by conjugate symmetric filling. Thus high resolution single shot EPI image with $128{\times}128$ matrix size is obtained with 64 echoes. By the arrangement of phase encoding gradients, high $T_2$ weighted images are obtained. The acquired data in k-space are shifted if there exists residual gradient field due to eddy current along phase encoding gradient, which results in a serious problem in the reconstructed image. The residual field is estimated by the correlation coefficient between the echo signal for dc and the corresponding reference data acquired during the pre-scan. Once the residual gradient field is properly estimated, it can be removed by the adjustment of initial phase encoding gradient field between $70^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ rf pulses. Results : The suggested T2EPl is implemented in a 1.0 Tela whole body MRI system. Experiments are done with the effective echo times of 72ms and 96ms with single shot acquisitions. High resolution($128{\times}128$) volunteer head images with high $T_2$ contrast are obtained in a single scan by the proposed method. Conclusion : Using the half courier technique, higher resolution EPI images are obtained with matrix size of $128{\times}128$ in a single scan. Furthermore $T_2$ contrast is controlled by the effective echo time. Since the suggested method can be implemented by software alone (pulse sequence and corresponding tuning and reconstruction algorithms) without addition of special hardware, it can be widely used in existing MRI systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.761-768
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• 2010

This paper presents an effective method to achieve the wideband waveform for high resolution SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) using the frequency multiplication technique. And also this paper analyzes the root causes for the spectral regrowth due to 3rd-order intermodulation in chirp bandwidth expansion scheme using quadrature modulator and frequency multipliers. The amplitude and phase imbalance requirement are defined based on the simulation results in terms of quadrature channel imbalance. This minimizes the degradation of range resolution, peak sidelobe ratio and integrated sidelobe ratio. The wideband chirp generator using the frequency multiplier and memory map scheme was manufactured and the compensation technique was presented to reduce the spectral regrowth of SAR waveform by minimizing the amplitude and phase imbalance. After I and Q channel imbalance adjustment, the carrier level reduces －28.7 dBm to －53.4 dBm. Chirp signal with 150 MHz bandwidth at S-band expands to 600 MHz bandwidth at X-band. The sidelobe levels are reduced by about 8 to 9 dB by compensating the amplitude balance between I and Q channels.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6B
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• pp.503-512
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• 2009

Watershed models, which are a tool for water cycle mechanism, are classified as the distributed model and the lumped model. Currently, the distributed models have been more widely used than lumped model for many researches and applications. The lumped model estimates the parameters in the conceptual and empirical sense, on the other hand, in the case of distributed model the first-guess value is estimated from the grid-based watershed characteristics and rainfall data. Therefore, the distributed model needs more detailed parameter adjustment in its calibration and also one should precisely understand the model parameters' characteristics and sensitivity. This study uses Jungnang basin as a study area and $Vflo^{TM}$ model, which is a physics-based distributed hydrologic model, is used to analyze its parameters' sensitivity. To begin with, 100 years frequency-design rainfall is derived from Huff's method for rainfall duration of 6 hours, then the discharge is simulated using the calibrated parameters of $Vflo^{TM}$ model. As a result, hydraulic conductivity and overland's roughness have an effect on runoff depth and peak discharge, respectively, while channel's roughness have influence on travel time and peak discharge.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.1085-1092
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• 2002

수십만명의 대입응시자와 대학입학을 준비하는 수백만명의 초중고등학교 학생들에게 공정한 경쟁의 규칙과 측정방법을 마련하여 적응하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 현행 대학입학 수학능력 시험에서 각 영역별 표준점수는 응시계열인 인문계열, 자연계열, 예체능계열로 나누어 각 계열의 평균과 표준편차를 사용하여 계산한다. 따라서 동일한 점수도 어느 응시계열에 속하는가에 따라 표준점수가 달라지게 되며, 상이한 표준점수를 사용하여 대등한 경쟁을 하는 경우가 있어 불공정성이 제기된다. 비록 변환표준점수로 조정하여 계열간 불공정이 어느 정도 조정되지만, 자신의 점수에 비하여 집단의 평균점수가 낮을수록 변환표준점수가 증가하게 되므로 계열선택의 영향이 없다고 보기 어렵다. 이러한 결과로 유리한 계열로 대거 이동하는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 대학입학에 필수적인 대학입학 수학능력시험에서 계열간 실력차이를 보정하여 공정한 경쟁을 가능하게 하는 표준점수 계산방법을 제시하였다. 또한 모든 과목이 선택과목이 되는 2005학년도부터 시행될 수학능력시험에서 과목간 표준점수를 보정하는 방법을 제시하였다 본 연구는 결론을 도출하는데 있어 응시자들간 표준점수의 차이는 응시과목에 따라 달라지지 않는다는 과목의 동질성을 가정하였다. 응시과목의 동질성 가정하에서 집단간의 표준점수를 보정하는 방식은 동일한 시험문제로 각 집단이 시험을 보는 경우 집단간의 차이만큼을 표준점수에 합하여 보정하고, 각 집단이 고유하게 응시하는 시험과목은 공통과목의 차이만큼을 각 집단에 보정하여 주는 것이다. 과목간에 표준점수를 보정하는 방식은 해당과목에 응시한 응시자들이 다른 과목에서 획득한 표준점수의 평균치로보정하는 것이다.하기 위해서, 기업간 프로세스 협업(collaboration) 부분의 데이터 및 서식, 이를 취급하는 기능과 프로세스에 대란 분석을 통해 업무 프로세스 모델링 방법론과 관련한 모델링 지침 및 메타모델을 이용한 표준 업무 프로세스 모델을 개발하여 기업간 업무 프로세스 표준화에 대한 체계적인 관리에 대한 방안을 연구하고자 한다.의Bullwhip effect를 감소시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. 동시에 이것은 향후 e-Business 시스템 구축을 위한 기본 인프라 역할을 수행할 수 있게 된다. 많았고 년도에 따른 변화는 보이지 않았다. 스키손상의 발생빈도는 초기에 비하여 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 손상의 특성도 부위별, 연령별로 다양한 변화를 나타내었다.해가능성을 가진 균이 상당수 검출되므로 원료의 수송, 김치의 제조 및 유통과정에서 병원균에 대한 오염방지에 유의하여야 할 것이다. 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 고농도의 유기물이 함유된 음식물쓰레기는 Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (HAR)를 이용하여 HRT 30일 정도에서 충분히 직접 혐기성처리가 가능하며, 이때 발생된 $CH_{4}$를 회수하여 이용하면 대체에너지원으로 활용 가치가 높은 것으로 판단된다./207), $99.2\%$(238/240), $98.5\%$(133/135) 및 $100\%$ (313)였다. 각각 두 개의 요골동맥과 우내흉동맥에서 부분협착이나 경쟁혈류가 관찰되었다. 결론: 동맥 도관만을 이용한 Off pump CABG를 시행하여 감염의 위험성을 증가시키지 않으면서 영구적인 신경학적 합병증을 일으

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.80-109
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• 2020

The Sacheonwangsa Temple in Silla is an esoteric temple that was founded provisionally in 670, and was completed in 679. This study attempted to elucidate the planning method of the Sacheonwangsa Temple based on the results of research on excavations and investigations into its construction processes and construction measures thereof. The research results are as follows. (1) In the site construction, assuming the size of one Bang (坊) on the south of Nangsan Mountain, after dividing the north-south width into three equal parts, there is a possibility that two of these parts were set to the flat portion. (2) In the 'Jochang (祖創, 670)', it is estimated that an area of 300 cheoks by 300 cheoks was postulated on the flat surface, and, as an initial conception, the mandala's plane design of the outer square 2 hasta (3 cheoks) and inner square 1 hasta (1.5 cheoks) was originally devised for the setting of 'Mudra (神印)', and an area 100 times greater has been set as the basis in the scale and layout planning of the central block. (3) During 'Gaechang (攺刱, ~679)', it is judged that because of the narrowness of the distance between the Pagoda and Geumdang Hall, which occurs when the center of the Geumdang Hall coincides with the center of 'the first stage of the foundation (先築基壇)', the scale and layout planning were adjusted from the initial conception. (4) The arrangement of the building was determined by dividing the fixed size of the central block (280 cheoks by 320 cheoks). Specifically, the east-west direction is set on the quartile's line of the east-west width of the central block, and in contrast, the north-south direction is based on the structural characteristics of the central block. It is presumed that the position of the transept was determined through the division and adjustment of the column spacing of the east-west corridor, then the Geumdang Hall and Altar were based on this. (5) The scale of the Geumdang Hall and Pagoda is determined by the petition of the division by the unit fraction starting from the quartile's line of the central block's east-west width. This planning is understood to be based on the self-similarity, which is rooted in the mandala's plane design as the model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.12-26
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• 2014

This study has researched the forms of arrangement and use of the oddly shaped stones which were used at palaces during Joseon Dynasty based on arrangements of stones as shown in Donggwoldo(東闕圖), and tried to identify its special features. The sorts of stone's arrangements which set formal patterns by assisting an axis in Donggwoldo can be classified as the single type using one stone, the symmetrical type using 2 stones symmetrically and the parallel type using 3 or more stones. The single type was used to endow a focal point and to accent centrality by arranging a stone on the axis performed from formal shaped buildings. The symmetrical type was used to show order and hierarchy by placing two odd-shaped stones on either side of a building. And the parallel type which is arranged three stones side by side, is put a middle stone on the central axis line to determine strong directional and frontality. Also similarity to method of arrangement of stones can be found from planting trees in a prominent way for scenery or planting trees symmetrically. Stones and trees can be chosen according to nature and scale of places and basically their effects of formation of axis and creating typical space is same. Based on these respect, the characteristics of arrangement of stones shown in Donggwoldo can be briefly summarized as follows. First, the oddly shaped stones were used by creating a centripetal space in order to show a grade of rank. Second, the distances among stones could be adjusted to the sizes of the architecture which was at the center. The aim was to provide stability through the balanced composition between the central axis and symmetrical structures. Third, the form of regularity was added by using stone vase in consideration of irregular shape of stone causing interference in forming regular symmetry. Fourth, a centrality was emphasized by adding change to central stones in the parallel type used 3 erect stones. Fifth, the sizes of stone were limited in order to make smooth for the mix and adjustment of its position with the types of other garden ornaments, so the oddly shaped stones in palace have portability. Sixth, the oddly shaped stones in palace which were appreciated as inspirational object basically were a sculpture of the same quality with suiseki (壽石), and the appreciative method, the composition and shape had developed in the same texture. Finally, the even number of stones by parallel type were arranged by equal partition. But odd number of stones followed the method with symmetrical arrangement on its center stone. These principles of stone arrangement are judged as distinguishing methods which oddly shaped stones was made and used in Joseon palaces.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 1971

Nursing of today has as one of its objectives the solving of problems related to human needs arising from the demands of a rapidly changing society. This nursing objective, I believe, can he attained by the appropriate application of scientific principles in the giving of comprehensive nursing care. Comprehensive nursing care may be defined as nursing care which meets all of the patient's needs. the needs of patients are said to fall into five broad categories: physical needs, psychological needs, environmental needs, socio-economic needs, and teaching needs. Most people who become ill have adjustment problems related to their new situation. Because patient teaching is one of the most important functions of professional nursing, the success of this teaching may be used as a gauge for evaluating comprehensive nursing care. This represents a challenge foe the future. A questionnaire consisting of 67 items was distributed to 200 professional nurses working ill direct patient care at Yonsei University Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. 160 (80,0%) nurses of the total sample returned completed questionnaires 81 (50.6%) nurses were graduates of 3 fear diploma courser 79 (49.4%) nurses were graduates of 4 year collegiate nursing schools in Korea 141 (88,1%) nurses had under 5 years of clinical experience in a medical center, while 19 (11.9%) nurses had more than 5years of clinical experience. Three hypotheses were tested: 1. “Nurses had high levels of concept and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by the use of a statistical method, the mean average. 2. “Nurses graduating from collegiate programs and diploma school programs of nursing show differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by a statistical method, the mean average, although the results showed little difference between the two groups. 3. “Nurses having different amounts of clinical experience showed differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by the use of a statistical method, the mean average. 2. “Nurses graduating from collegiate programs and diploma school programs of nursing show differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by a statistical method, the mean average, although the results showed little difference between the two groups. 3. “Nurses having different amounts of clinical experience showed differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching”-This was demonstrated by the use of the T-test. Conclusions of this study are as follow: Before attempting the explanation, of the results, the questionnaire will he explained. The questionnaire contained 67 questions divided into 9 sections. These sections were: concept, content, time, prior preparation, method, purpose, condition, evaluation, and recommendations for patient teaching. 1. The nurse's concept of patient teaching: Most of the nurses had high levels of concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching. Though nursing service was task-centered at the turn of the century, the emphasis today is put on patient-centered nursing. But we find some of the nurses (39.4%) still are task-centered. After, patient teaching, only a few of the nurses (14.4%) checked this as “normal teaching.”It seems therefore that patient teaching is often done unconsciously. Accordingly it would he desirable to have correct concepts and knowledge of teaching taught in schools of nursing. 2. Contents of patient teaching: Most nurses (97.5%) had good information about content of patient teaching. They teach their patients during admission about their diseases, tests, treatments, and before discharge give nurses instruction about simple nursing care, personal hygiene, special diets, rest and sleep, elimination etc. 3. Time of patient teaching: Teaching can be accomplished even if there is no time set aside specifically for it. -a large part of the nurse's teaching can be done while she is giving nursing care. If she believes she has to wait for time free from other activities, she may miss many teaching opportunities. But generally proper time for patient teaching is in the midmorning or midafternoon since one and a half or two hours required. Nurses meet their patients in all stages of health: often tile patient is in a condition in which learning is impossible-pain, mental confusion, debilitation, loss of sensory perception, fear and anxiety-any of these conditions may preclude the possibility of successful teaching. 4. Prior preparation for patient teaching: The teaching aids, nurses use are charts (53.1%), periodicals (23.8%), and books (7.0%) Some of the respondents (28.1%) reported that they had had good preparation for the teaching which they were doing, others (27.5%) reported adequate preparation, and others (43.8%) reported that their preparation for teaching was inadequate. If nurses have advance preparation for normal teaching and are aware of their objectives in teaching patients, they can do effective teaching. 5. Method of patient teaching: The methods of individual patient teaching, the nurses in this study used, were conversation (55.6%) and individual discussion (19.2%) . And the methods of group patient teaching they used were demonstration (42.3%) and lecture (26.2%) They should also he prepared to use pamphlet and simple audio-visual aids for their teaching. 6. Purposes of patient teaching: The purposes of patient teaching is to help the patient recover completely, but the majority of the respondents (40.6%) don't know this. So it is necessary for them to understand correctly the purpose of patient teaching and nursing care. 7. Condition of patient teaching: The majority of respondents (75.0%) reported there were some troubles in teaching uncooperative patients. It would seem that the nurse's leaching would be improved if, in her preparation, she was given a better understanding of the patient and communication skills. The majority of respondents in the total group, felt teaching is their responsibility and they should teach their patient's family as well as the patient. The place for teaching is most often at the patient's bedside (95.6%) but the conference room (3.1%) is also used. It is important that privacy be provided in learning situations with involve personal matters. 8. Evaluation of patient teaching: The majority of respondents (76.3%,) felt leaching is a highly systematic and organized function requiring special preparation in a college or university, they have the idea that teaching is a continuous and ever-present activity of all people throughout their lives. The suggestion mentioned the most frequently for improving preparation was a course in patient teaching included in the basic nursing program. 9. Recommendations: 1) It is recommended, that in clinical nursing, patient teaching be emphasized. 2) It is recommended, that insertive education the concepts and purposes of patient teaching he renewed for all nurses. In addition to this new knowledge, methods and materials which can be applied to patient teaching should be given also. 3) It is recommended, in group patient teaching, we try to embark on team teaching.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.69-96
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• 2019

North Korea has conserved operas in a selective manner. The subject matters of operas recorded in the history of North Korea can be divided into classical tales, translated foreign works, Korean War and war against Japan. Operas that adapted folk classics of the 1950s are considered valuable materials to verify the changes of genres posterior to division of regime between North and South Korea. The officially confirmed works include "Kumgangsan Palseonnyeo (Gyeonwoo Jiknyeo)," "Chunhyangjeon." "Kongjwi Patjwi (Kotsin)," "Ondal," and "Geumnaneui Dal." These works had gone through recreation in terms of realistic situation setting, abolition of class difference, adjustment of social rank and punishment of evil while the base lies in the original folk classics. People emphasized in adapted folk operas are described as those who are hard-working souls without giving importance of difference of social rank, content with the currently living space, devoted to their parents and full of patriotic spirit, and members of community who participate in organized fights against unfair exploitation. This was the fruit of encouragement of work creation supporting union between labor and individual life, destruction of old things and fight promoting this destruction. Folk operas of South and North Korea posterior to Korean War have similarities in that both deal with a love story transcending social ranks and the concomitant conflicts and they focus on the audience who enjoy the operas. Nonetheless, they are different in that this love in North Korea became a tool of educating people wished by the regime, while it became an object of securing the audience by adding the tragic element to love in South Korea. North Korean operas of the initial stage are characterized by playwriting method emphasizing difficult life and compensation of common people, realistic stage expression, accentuation of melody and agreement between notes and lyrics. This was efforts designed to continuously lead senses concentrated from the theater to everyday life of people. In effect, this is in line with the playwriting method of revolutionary operas. Adapted folk operas were subject matters ideal for easily approaching the audience and leaving them good memories at the same time. To realize socialist realism, they went through an experiment of reviewing "people" through the classic folk operas. The possibility of continuation of a work was determined by thorough evaluation after carrying out an experiment in terms of subject matters, theme, music and operation plans from the moment of which the work was on the stage. The sign consisted in the possibility of visit of "Kim Il-sung" to appreciate the work and presentation of directionality. By proposing the clear directionality of which hard-working people who deny social status system can be duly compensated, it encouraged the audience who saw the opera to voluntarily put this in practice. Thus, operas established the directionality through selective processes for creating public communion even before revolutionary operas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

The Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin has traditionally been a pine tree protection area (prohibited forest) for timber production purposes, and is now designated and managed as a protected area for forest genetic resource conservation by the Korea Forest Service. This study, we analyzed topographical characteristics, existing vegetation, tree age, and plant community structure, and proposed a sustainable management method for the Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin for timber havesting purposes. The topographical characteristics of the target area were 36.7% ridges and 38.7% valleys; the ratio of ridges to valleys was similar, and the slopes formed 24.7% of the total area. The types of pine forest communities are divided into six types based on the progress of pine forest renewal, the competition with other species such as deciduous broadleaf trees, and the formation of layered structures. It has been confirmed that the age of the large-diameter pine trees (40~60cm in diameter) is approximately 60~70 years, which is relatively low. As a result of the analysis of the relative importance percentage and layered structure, differences depended on the progress of the pine forest renewal project, and not only the maintenance of the pine forest, but also the creation of a secondary growth forest, the density adjustment of pine trees, and the active management of competitive trees. The average basal area by the community was 12,642.1~25,424.4cm² for the tree layer and 1.8~1,956.5cm² for the low tree layer based on a quadrat of 400m². The difference in the basal area appeared to depend on the size and number of trees forming the tree layer and the degree of pine forest renewal (the degree of time elapsed after thinning pine trees). The average number of species that appeared in each community was 8.7-20.3; there were many species located in valleys, and the type competes with deciduous broadleaf trees due to the lack of management. The diversity of species ranged from 0.6915-1.0942, and was evaluated as low compared to pine communities in central temperate zones. In this paper, we determined the management goals of Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin to produce timber with high economic value, and suggested efficient vegetation management for continuous afforestation, the establishment of a timber production system, and improvement of wood production as a management direction.