• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 1973

To attain a simple and reliable method of evaluating the thyroid function the reliability of the clinical manifestation and the conventional thyroid function tests in diagnosing the hyperthyroidism was studied. The subjects included 184 patients with hyperthyroidism and 66 cases with euthyroidism, who were treated at the Thyroid Clinic, Seoul National University Hospital, from July 1971 through August 1972. The observed results were as follows: 1. In the cases of hyperthyroidism, 19% of the patients were male and 81% female; in the cases of euthyroidism, 7.6% of the patients were male and 92.4% female. The majority of the patients were in 2nd to 4th decades of their lives. 2. There were objective signs clearly manifested in hyperthyroidism which were rare or absent in the euthyroid state. These clinical signs included wide pulse pressure, tachycardia, systolic murmur, exophthalmos, tremor, and warm skin. In the hyperthyroid state 91.3% of the cases manifested two or more of the above signs, whereas in the euthyroid state no patients manifested any two of the above signs. 3. The most frequent complaints of the patients with thyroid disease were palpitation, weight loss, increased appetite, heat intolerance, perspiration, hunger feeling; nervousness, exertional dyspnea, etc. There was no clear difference in the incidence of the symptoms between hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism. 4. In the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, the reliability of thyroid ?unction tests was as follows; $T_7$ was 92.4% reliable, $^{125}IT_3$ resin uptake rate 91.6% reliable, $^{131}I$ thyroid uptake rate in 24 hrs. 89.4% reliable, serum $T_4$ level 85.9% reliable and BMR 75.5% reliable. Therefore the careful observation of the clinical manifestation of the disease is a simple and reliable way of making a correct diagnosis of either hyperthyroidism or euthyroidism. 5. In hyperthyroidism there shows no correlationship between the results of the thyroid function test and clinical signs but a high BMR was associated with both tachycardia and systolic murmur.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was attempted to understand the substance and meaning of menopause experienced by women through informal interviews with oral consent. The informants were 6 perimenopausal women of 50-55 years old who are executing menopause. Colaizz's analytical method, a type of phenomenological analysis, was used to analyze data recorded by audiotape. One professor and a master's degree student who understand phenomenology, and the one who has a master of arts examined the validity between the meanings composed of the clusters of themes. Findings were turned out to be valid through validation process as the last step. The meaning of menopause implied both 'concept about menopause' and 'menopause as a time of change'. Menopause was mostly considered as cessation of menstruation as a physiological, natural, and normal process by aging. However, some people regarded menopause as a loss of youth and womanhood and lessening of every function of the body. Menopause as the time of changes means 'the period of' 'hormonal changes' such as change of menstruation, hot flushes, perspiration, and palpitation ; 'body function changes' of visual acuity, physical strength, sleeping, digestion, thoughts, bone and joints, skin sensibility, sexual pattern and intelligence ; 'emotional changes' such as anxiety, loneliness, gloominess, and nervousness. Menopause is a turning point on the women's life cycle accompanying various kind of changes and health problems. Therefore it is inevitable to develop strategy helping menopausal women pass through the critical successfully by adapting and coping with their critical period toward the healthy and better quality of life individually rather than putting them all into the standardized hormonal replacement protocol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.553-562
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• 2010

This survey investigates the conditions of summer working uniforms for contracted foodservice workers. The data were obtained from 67 workers through in-depth interviews (July 2005~October 2005). The results of study are as follows: The working environment changed to menu and cooking method (air temperature $28\sim37^{\circ}C$, humidity 72~86 %RH, radiant temperature $27\sim37^{\circ}C$, air velocity 0.14~0.37m/sec). They answered that the working environment has high temperatures, humidity, excessive noise, and liability to slide. The typical accidents were burns, cuts, slide, and ligament injuries in the workplace. Work duties consisted of cooking, serving food, washing, and cleaning up leftover food. All the employees carried out multi tasks. The primary working postures and motions were standing, crouching, and lifting. The female workers usually wore underwear (panty and brassiere), upper and lower work wear, aprons, waterproof-aprons, cotton-gloves, rubber-gloves, socks, and rubber-boots. The satisfaction of the uniform was relatively low for trousers and waterproof-aprons. The answer about the fit was generally "comfortable." They answered "back," "chest," and "head" were wet with perspiration during work. The uncomfortable parts were the crotch and neck. Questions concerning their satisfaction with the material of uniforms indicated a high rate of dissatisfaction, particularly for ventilation and absorbency. In case of the colors of the working uniform, workers preferred white color for the upper part, and black color for the lower part.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2009

This study was accomplished to examine the dyeing property and functionality of both cotton and silk fabrics dyed with clove extract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dyeing property, antibiosis, and sun protection effectiveness for a clove. The study method used in this study was the experimental research to extract dyestuffs from a clove, to treat dyestuffs with a mordant, and then to measure dyeing colorfastness, antibiosis, and sun protection for dyed fabrics. As a result of the test for dyeing colorfastness, in the case of colorfastness to laundry, the degree of discoloration showed grade $1\sim4$ and the degree of pollution showed grade $4\sim5$. Colorfastness to perspiration for both cotton and silk fabrics dyed showed grade $1\sim2$ to $4\sim5$. Colorfastness to sunlight showed grade 2 to $4\sim5$. Colorfastness to rubbing showed grade $3\sim4$ to $4\sim5$. In the colorfastness to dry cleaning, the degree of discoloration showed grade $3\sim4$ and the degree of pollution showed grade $4\sim5$. As a result of the antibiosis test, for the Staphylococcus aureus, both cotton and silk showed the bacteria reduction rate of 99.9% even after five times laundry, and for the Escherichia coli, cotton fabrics showed the bacteria reduction rate of 99.9% only after one time laundry, but silk fabrics showed the bacteria reduction rate of 99.9% even after five times laundry. As a result of the test for sun protection effectiveness, dyed silk fabrics showed the result more excellent than dyed cotton fabrics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.492-498
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• 2014

Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera gaertn) is intimate plant to many people that it has clean and noble characteristics despite growth in the mud. Especially Lotus seedpods, byproduct of lotus, are rich in oligometric procyanidins and could be a new source of procyanidins. Procyanidins, also known as condensed tannins, are a class of polyphenols. In other words lotus seedpod contains plenty of tannins. Commonly tannins colorants could increase adsorption and fastness properties in fabric dyeing. This study was made to investigate colorants characteristics of lotus seedpod and various colorfastness properties of dyed silk fabrics. The wavelength of maximum absorption of lotus seedpod solution appeared at 273.5 nm from UV-vis spectrophotometer. From the results of FT-IR spectra measurements, IR absorption band of lotus seedpod colorants appeared at $3415cm^{-1}$, $2900cm^{-1}$ and $1620cm^{-1}$ by tannin structure. And tannin ingredient contents was the highest at pH 9 and flavonoid at pH 11. Lotus seedpod colorants showed relatively good affinity at pH 3 on silk fabrics and optimum dyeing temperature and time for silk was for 50 min, at $80^{\circ}C$. K/s of Light fastness according to different washing method was the highest at process including ironing and ${\Delta}E$ was the lowest. All of fastness(Light rubbing laundering perspiration dry cleaning) showed excellent results over 4 or 4-5 grades.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

Demands for nylon suede as an artificial leather are increasing due to its functionality and aesthetics. To achieve high value added nylon suede based on green technology, this study was carried out in order to obtain useful data for the nylon suede fabrics with eco-friendly dyeing process by a pad-steam method instead of a dip dyeing process using sulphur black dye to reduce the industrial waste of water. The dyeability of the nylon suede was investigated according to reducing temperatures, dye concentrations, and reducing agent's concentrations. Throughout the results of the CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ and Munsell values, the optimized dyeing conditions of the nylon suede using sulphur black dye are $70^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature, 30% o.w.f. of dye concentration, and $9g/{\ell}$ of reduction agent concentration, respectively. Furthermore washing colorfastness, light colorfastness and perspiration colorfastness were achieved in the range of 4-5 grades.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2005

Objective: There were few reports on the treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. We treated a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathic patient with Oriental medical approach, and got a significant result. This treatment shows the possibility of healing Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. So we are reporting this case. Method : Acupuncture treatment, herb medication, rehabilitation therapy were applied for treating patient's chief symptom.(involuntary movement, dystonia, aphasia, fever, perspiration) Results : Consciousness loss in acute stage of Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy can be considered as Mental Confusion due to Phlegm(Dammisimgyu) in veiw point of Oriental medicine. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can be considered as Sudden Palpitation(Gyounggye) in veiw point of Oriental medicine. After oriental medical treatment, patient's chief symptoms were improved. Conclusion: More study about oriental medical treatment on Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is needed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.791-803
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• 2012

This study intends to identify applicability of natural dye extracted from Aplysia kurodai, aiming to standardization of Aplysia kurodai natural dyeing through scientific validation by analyzing characteristics of pigment elements to review dyeability, colorfastness and antibacterial activity. Such material as silk fabrics that is animal fiber were used for this purpose, and derived following summarized results. UV/VIS spectrum analysis on the pigment of Aplysia kurodai that was extracted from purple gland showed that maximum absorbtion was near 540 nm. The silk fabric optimal dyeing can be achieved at a temperature of $55^{\circ}C$ with a colorant concentration of 5%. Dyed at $55^{\circ}C$ with interval of 10~90 minutes for identifying dye uptake over time to observed slow increase of dye uptake over time, and equilibrium occurred at 50 minutes. For dye uptake according to pH, while dye uptake was superior in acidity, it decreased rapidly in a base after pH 7. For color changes according to pH variation, it was reddish purple in acidity and was purplish red in a base. For color changes according to mordanting method, more clear color change had been obtained when process with aluminium pre-mordanting than non-mordanting and post-mordanting. The colorfastness to light, perspiration and washing was 1, 4~5, and 3~4 ratings respectively. The silk fabric dyed with Aplysia kurodai demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Aplysia kurodai can be used as a new colorant for the natural dyeing of silk.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

The aim of study was to elucidate dyeability and antimicrobial and antifungal activity of silk fabrics dyed with Sophora Radix extracts according to different mordants. Dyes were extracted from Sophora Radix using ethanol. Then, silk fabrics were dyed with extracts two times by post-mordanting method in which the extract was 60%(owf), the mordant was 3%(owf), L.R was 1:20, the temperature was $60~60^\circ{C}$, the time of dyeing was 60min., and the time of mordanting was 60min. The dyeability was evaluated by surface color, K/S values and durability of dye. The skin microorganisms used in this study was S. sureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, P. acnes, P. aeruginosa, E coli, A. niger, C. albicans and T. mentatrophytes. The results are as follows; 1. When mordants were added, K/S value of silk dyed was not improved much and surface color was 2.2Y to 8.8Y in H(hue) value which indicated greenish yellow to raddish yellow 2. The color fastness tests to light, perspiration, dry-cleaning, rubbing, and stain fabric washing show 4~5th degree which were valuated excellent. The color fastness to fade washing was improved to 3~4th degree by addition of $K_2CrO_7$ mordants. 3. Antibacterial activity of silk dyed using no-mordant as well as mordants was excellent on S. aureus, B. subtilis, S.epidermidis and P.acnes, but showed poor antibacterial activities on P.aeruginosa and E.coli such as gram negative baterials 4. Antifungal activity of silk dyed with ethanol extracts was good on A.niger, C.candida and T.mentagrophytes. Especially, on T. mentagrophytes there was no growth of fungus during 72 gous in silk dyed mordanting with $SnCl_2\cdot{2H}_2O$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.464-472
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to elucidate dyeability and antimicrobial activity of cotton fabrics dyed with Sophora Radix extracts according to various mordants. Dyes were extracted from Sophora Radix using ethanol. Then, cotton fabrics were dyed with extracts two times by post-mordanting method in which the extract was 60% (owf, the mordant was 3% (owf), L.R was 1:20, the temperature was 60~7$0^{\circ}C$, the time of dyeing was 60min., and the time of mordanting was 60min.. The dyeability was evaluated by surface color and color fastness. The skin microorganism was evaluated on S. sureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, P. acnes, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, A. niger, C. albicans and T. mentagrophytes. The results are as follows; 1. When mordants were treated, surface color was 3.3Y to 0.1 GY in H (hue) value which indicated greenish yellow to yellow 2. The color fastness to perspiration, dry-cleaning, rubbing, and washing stain fabric showed 4~5 degree. The color fastness to light was improved to 4 degree by treatment of mordants. The color fastness to washing was 2 degree which was somewhat poor. 3. Cotton dyed with ethanol extracts was excellent on S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis and p. antis. But that showed poor antibacterial activities on P. aeruginosa and E. coli such as gram negative baterials 4. Antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics dyed didn't be improved by treatment of mordant 5. Antifungal activity of cotton dyed with ethanol extracts was excellent on T. mentagrophytes. Especially, on T. mentagrophytes there was no growth of fungus during 72 hours in cotton dyed mordanting with SnCl$_2$.$_2$$H_2O$.