• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1983

단백질(蛋白質)의 상호보충(相互補充) 및 제한(制限)아미노산 보충(補充)이 흰쥐(Sprague Dawley계(系) 이유(離乳)한 숫쥐)의 성장(成長), 체내대사(體內代謝) 및 체조성(體組成)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 규명하기 위하여 사양(飼養) 및 대사실험(代謝實驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 실험사료(實驗飼料)의 에너지 및 단백질(蛋白質) 수준(水準)은 각각 3,600kcal/㎏ 및 20%로 고정하였고, 단백질(蛋白質)의 공급원(供給源)으로 카제인과 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)을 택(擇)하여 각각 100:0, 80:20, 50:50, 20:80, 0:100의 비율(比率)로 혼합(混合)하였으며 각각에 methionine을 0% 또는 0.3%로 보충(補充)하였던 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 흰쥐의 체중(體重)과 증체량(增體量)은 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質) 단독(單獨) 급여(給與) 때 가장 낮았고 카제인의 혼합비율(混合比率)을 증가(增加)시킬 수록 증가(增加)되었다. 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)에 methionine을 보충급여(補充給與)했을 때 증체량(增體量)은 무보충(無補充) 혼합(混合) 급여(給與)했을 때와 동일(同一)했으며 카제인 단독(單獨) 급여(給與)때 보다 카제인 혼합(混合) methionine 보충(補充) 급여(給與)에서 증체량(增體量)은 더 높았다. 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量)은 카제인 단독급여(單獨給與) 때나 카제인의 혼합비율(混合比率)을 증가(增加)시킬 때 높았으나 meihionine을 보충(補充)했을 때 저하(低下)되었으며 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質) 단독급여(單獨給與)에서 낮았으며 methionine을 보충(補充)해도 증가(增加)되지 않았다. 사료효율(飼料效率)은 카제인이나 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)의 단독(單獨) 급여(給與)때보다 두 단백질(蛋白質)의 혼합급여(混合給與) 때 더 높았으며 단독급여(單獨給與)에 methionine을 보충(補充)함으로써 사료효율(飼料效率)이 증가(增加)되었으나 혼합급여(混合給與)에 보충(補充)했을 때에는 같은 효과(效果)를 보이지 않았다. 성장실험기간중(成長實驗期間中) 총(總)에너지섭취량(攝取量)은 사료(飼料) 섭취량(攝取量)과 관계가 있었고 카제인 단독급여(單獨給與) 때나 그의 혼합비율(混合比率)을 증가(增加)시킬 때 증가(增加)했다. 에너지효율(效率)과 단백질효율(蛋白質效率)은 두 단백질(蛋白質)을 단독급여(單獨給與)할 때에는 methionine보충(補充)에 의해 증가(增加) 되었으며 또한 혼합급여(混合給與) 때에는 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)의 비율(比率)을 증가(增加)시킬 수록 methionine에 의한 개선효과(改善效果)를 보였다. 질소섭취량(窒素攝取量) 및 카제인 뇨질소량(尿窒素量)은 단독급여(單獨給與) 했을 때 가장 높았고, 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質) 단독급여(單獨給與) 때 가장 낮았으며 카제인의 비율(比率)을 증가(增加)시킬 수로 증가(增加)되었다. 질소균형(窒素均衡) 및 축적율(蓄積率)은 처리(處理)에 의한 차이(差異)에 통계적(統計的) 유의성(有意性)은 없었다. 대사실험기간중(代謝實驗期間中) 총(總)에너지섭취량(攝取量)과 분(糞) 및 뇨(尿)에너지는 카제인 단독급여(單獨給與) 때 높았고, 가소화(可消化) 에너지와 대사(代謝)에너지, 에너지의 소화율(消化率) 및 리용율(利用率)은 처리(處理)에 의한 유의차(有意差)는 없었다. 체지방(體脂肪)은 methionine보충(補充)에 의해 증가(增加)되었으나, 체단백질(體蛋白質)은 감소(減少)했다(r=0.65, p<0.01). 체지방(體脂肪)과 체수분(體水分)과도 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)(r=-0.83, p<0.01)가 있었다. 간(肝)의 무게는 도체(屠體)의 무게의 변화(變化)와 일치(一致)했고 (r=0.79, p<0.01) methionine보충(補充)에 의해 증가(增加) 되었으며 카제인의 비율(比率)을 증가(增加)시킬 수록 증가(增加)되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2007

The relative performance and immune response was evaluated in White Leghorn layers fed liquid DL-methionine hydroxyl analogue-free acid (MHA-FA) relative to dry DL-methionine (DLM) in maize-soybean-sunflower based diets. Three graded levels of methionine (Met) from DLM or MHA-FA were added to the basal diet containing 0.27% Met on an equimolar basis to achieve 0.30, 0.36 and 0.42% Met in the diet. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 25 replicates of one bird (individual feeding) each, from 24 to 40 weeks of age. A regime of 16 h light was provided and all the layers were kept under uniform management throughout the experimental period. None of the parameters studied were influenced by the interaction between source and level of Met in diets. Similarly, the majority of parameters, except for daily feed consumption and immune response (influenced by level) and egg specific gravity and shell thickness (influenced by source), were not affected by either source or level of Met in the diets. Feed consumption was significantly lower in the birds fed a diet containing 0.42% Met compared to those fed lower levels of Met. The cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity response to PHA-P and antibody titre (32 and 40 wk) to inoculation of sheep red blood cells increased significantly by increasing the concentration of Met in the diet from 0.30 to 0.36%. Thus, the Met requirement for immune competence was higher than for optimum production. The source of Met significantly influenced the egg specific gravity and shell thickness. The specific gravity and shell thickness of eggs increased significantly when MHA-FA was used as the source of Met in the diet compared to DLM. From the study it is concluded that Met requirement for immune competence (360 mg/b/d) is higher than for optimum production (300 mg/b/d). MHA-FA was comparable with DLM as a source of Met for production performance and immunity, when the bioavailability of MHA-FA was considered as 88% of DLM. Further, MHA-FA improved egg shell quality compared to DLM.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.920-928
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• 2023

Objective: Angora rabbits fed a low-protein diet exhibit decreased hair production performance. This study was set out to evaluate the effects of methionine on hair properties and nitrogen metabolism in Angora rabbits fed a low-protein diet and to investigate the gene expression related to hair follicle development to determine the possible molecular mechanism of methionine effects on hair follicle development. Methods: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of DL-methionine addition on a low-protein diet on hair development in Angora rabbits. Angora rabbits were divided into 5 groups: fed a normal diet (control), fed a low-protein diet (LP), or fed an LP supplemented with 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.6% DL-methionine (Met). Results: The results showed that rabbits in the LP group had lower wool yield than the control rabbits, but the addition of 0.4% to 0.6% Met to LP attenuated these effects (p<0.05). Dietary addition of 0.4% to 0.6% Met to LP increased the apparent nitrogen digestibility, nitrogen utilization rate, and feed efficiency (p<0.05). Feeding LP decreased the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), keratin-associated protein (KAP) 3.1, and KAP 6.1 mRNA levels compared with the control, but the addition of 0.4% Met in LP attenuated these effects (p<0.05). Relative to the LP or control group, dietary addition of 0.4% Met increased versican mRNA levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, the addition of Met to LP could improves wool production performance and feed efficiency and reduce nitrogen emissions in Angora rabbits. Met can promote hair follicle development, which may be associated with IGF1, KAP, and the versican signaling.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the synergic effect of dietary selenium and methionine levels on hepatic lipid metabolism in ethanol treated rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed diets containing three levels of methionine(0,3 and 9g/kg diet) with or without selenium(0.45mg/kg diet). Ethanol was administered with 25%(v/v) ethanol orally at the same time once a day in ethanol group and isocalori sucrose was administered to the control group. The rate were sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding period. Glutathione content was decreased by ethanol treatment and significantly increased in proportion to level of dietary methionine and was higher in selenium deficiency group than that of selenium admin-istration group. Lipid peroxide content was significantly increased in deficiency of both methionine and selenium(LMet-Se+EtOH) group. Total lipid triglyceride and cholesteol contents in liver were increas-ed and phospholipid content was decreased in ethanol treated group and ethanol treatment accelerated those increment and decrement in methionine deficiency(LMt) group and excessive methionine admin-istration(HMet)group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.393-402
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• 1995

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive values of supplemental L-lysine, liquid and powder type, and DL-methionine in weanling pigs. For feeding trial, 165 weanling pigs were treated in 2 controls; 18 and 16% CP, 6 supplementations of lysine alone to 16% CP diets; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% of liquid and powder type each, and 3 supplementations of lysine + methionine to 15% CP diets; 0.05 + 0.025, 0.1 + 0.05 and 0.2 + 0.1%. Pigs were fed for 5 week to investigate the protein sparing effect of supplemental amino acid, and the optimal supplemental level. A metabolic trial included the measurements of digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, energy, phosphorus and amino acids. The liver acinar cell culture was conducted for the protein synthesis activity of the pigs fed each experimental diet. Supplementation of both type of L-lysine in 16% CP diet showed improved daily weight gain and feed efficiency which were compatible with those of pigs fed 18% CP diet. Groups fed liquid lysine did not differ from those fed powder type in growth performance. Supplementation of lysine and methionine to 15% CP diet did not improve growth performance of pigs to the extent that 18% CP diet was fed. In nutrient digestibility, 16% CP control diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower crude protein digestibility than any other treatments. Digestibilities of 16% CP diets with lysine supplementation were equal to that of 18% CP control, while digestibilities of 15% CP diets with the supplementation of lysine + methionine was inferior to that of 18% CP control. Supplementation of lysine alone reduced the nitrogen excretion compared to the none supplemented control groups. However, addition of lysine + methionine excreted more nitrogen than controls. Pigs fed diet supplemented with lysine alone, or lysine + methionine excreted less fecal phosphorus than those fed none supplemetation. Retained protein from liver tissue of pigs fed 18% diet was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than those fed 16% CP diet. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in physical type of lysine. Feeding of powder type showed less secreted protein and greater retained protein in the culture of liver acinar cell. It is concluded that supplementation of lysine at the level of 0.1 to 0.2% can spare 2% of dietary protein and reduce nitrogen excretion by 19.3%. Also, no difference in nutritional values was observed between liquid and powder lysine in weanling pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.325-330
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• 1993

The objectives of the present study were to investigate whether or not dietary lysine addition could improve N balance of female Japanese Saanen goats at 15 to 32 months of age, weighing 31 to 40 kg, fed on a wheat bran-hay cube diet supplemented with methionine, and whether or not ruminally protected lysine supplementation could give as good an N balance performance as lysine in the presence of ruminally protected methionine when given orally to the goats. It was considered from changes in N balance and N utilization that the first-and second-limiting amino acids in the diet were methionine and lysine respectively, under the present experimental conditions. The ruminally protected lysine in addition to the ruminally protected methionine gave no improvement in N balance and N utilization compared with the ruminally protected methionine alone, suggesting that the ruminally protected lysine used in the present study was not effectively utilized by the goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 1997

Purified diets containing five levels of methionine with 0.4% cystine were fed to growing chicks (8 days old male Arbor Acre strain) to evaluate methionine requirements for growth and maintenance. A model was developed to separate methionine requirement for maintenance from requirement for growth. From this model the daily methionine requirement for growth was 4.22 mg/g gain, and the daily methionine requirement for maintenance was 0.034 times metabolic body size ($W^{0.75}$). Based on nitrogen gain response, the methionine requirement for growth was 0.162 mg/mg N gain, and the daily maintenance requirement was 0.037 times metabolic body size. The plateau of plasma methionine concentration reached at 117.16 mg intake pre day. The total methionine requirement determined based on weight gain response was 138.29 mg/day or 0.33% of the diet and the one determined based on nitrogen gain response was 141.7 mg/day of 0.34% of the diet, respectively. As a percentage of protein, methionine was calculated to be 2.6%; the reported methionine content of carcass CP was 1.76%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1992

The utilization of feeding white sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniwhite) seeds supplemented with the limiting amino acids were investigated in day-old single comb White Leghorn male chicks. These were fed a commercial chick mash for the first 10 days and on a semi-synthetic protein-free diet for the next 6 days. For the subsequent 6 days of experimental feeding period, the birds were fed on the protein-free diet, basal diet containing 9.31% of lupin seed meal (LSM) protein, diets supplemented with methionine, methionine + tryptophan or methionine + tryptophan + lysine in the basal diet, and diet containing 9.84% of soybean meal (SBM) protein. When the LSM protein was supplemented with methionine, protein intake, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were increased (p<0.05). The birds excreted lower urinary nitrogen and fecal nitrogen per protein comsumption, had improved apparent (AD) and true (TD) digestibility but did not alter biological value (BV) of the protein. Metabolizability (MEn/GE) and heat production (HP) per MEn intake (HP/MEn) was lowered while energy retention (ER) was highered (p<0.05) compared with those of the basal diet. Also the body weight gain, PER, NPR and ER was increased but the BV and HP/MEn was lowered compared with those of the SBM protein. The results indicated that lupin seed supplemented with methionine increase body weight gain and energy rentention but did not alter biological value compared with those of lupin seed and soybean meal.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.727-738
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• 2002

본 시험은 각각의 필수아미노산 결핍사료 섭취에 의한 단기간의 섭식반응과 methionine 결핍(-Met) 사료 섭취시 뇌내 각 부위에 나타나는 Fos 면역반응을 조사하여 아미노산 결핍이 뇌내 섭식반응과 관련있는 부위를 명확히 알고자 수행하였다. 실험사료의 단백질원은 정제아미노산을 이용하였다. 시험에 이용된 모든 사료의 질소원은 순수 아미노산 혼합물을 이용하였으며, 사료내 단백질 함량은 15%로 하였다. 사료는 하루 6시간 동안 섭취하도록 적응을 시켰으며(17:00${\sim}$21:00, meal feeding method), 사료섭취량과 증체량은 사료급여 7일째부터 매시간 측정하였다. 실험 1에서는 각 필수아미노산 결핍사료가 사료섭취량, 체중 변화 및 섭식패턴에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였고, 실험 2에서는 Fos 면역조직 화학적 방법을 사용하여 methio- nine 결핍사료에 대하여 회피 반응을 나타내는 동안에 활성을 보이는 뇌의 영역을 확인하였다. 각 필수아미노산 결핍사료 섭취에 따른 초기 섭식 억제 정도는 methionine이 가장 강하게 나타난 반면 threonine이 가장 약하였다. 결핍사료 급여 3일째의 사료섭취량은 대조구 사료에 비하여 histidine(71%), leucine(68%), isoleucine (66%), threonine(63%), tryptophan(61%), valine (55%), phenylalanine(52%), methionine(51%), lysine(44%), arginine(24%) 순으로 억제되었다. 뇌 신경 영역에 Fos 면역활성은 PPC, amygdala 및 endopyriform cortex(EPC) 부분이 대조구에 비하여 강한 활성을 나타냈으나, LH, VMH 및 PVM에서는 대조구와 처리구가 비슷하게 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과로 미루어 뇌내 PPC는 필수아미노산 결핍에 반응하는 초기 인식부위라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2017

Objective: Two trials were conducted in order to examine the effects of level of supplemental methionine on productive performance, dietary energetic, plasma amino acid concentration, and digestive function. Methods: Dietary treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based diet containing urea as the only source of supplemental nitrogen supplemented with no supplemental amino acid (control), or control plus 1.01% lysine and 0.032%, 0.064%, 0.096%, or 0.128% methionine. In Trial 1, 150 Holstein steer calves ($127{\pm}4.9kg$) were utilized to evaluate the influence of treatments on growth-performance, dietary energetic, plasma amino acid concentration during the first 112 days of growing period. During the initial 56-d period calves received the 5 experimental diets. During the subsequent 56-d period all calves were fed the control diet. Results: During the initial 56-d period, methionine supplementation increased (linear effect, p<0.01) plasma methionine. In the presence of supplemental lysine, increases on level of methionine in diet did not affect average daily gain. However, increased gain efficiency (quadratic effect, p = 0.03) and estimated dietary net energy (NE; linear effect, p = 0.05). Estimated metabolizable methionine supply was closely associated ($R^2=0.95$) with efficiency NE utilization for maintenance and gain. During the subsequent 56-d period, when all calves received the control diet (no amino acid supplementation), plasma amino acid concentrations and growth performance was not different among groups. However, the effects of methionine supplementation during the initial 56-period carried over, so that following a 56-d withdrawal of supplementation, the overall 112-d effects on gain efficiency (quadratic effect, p = 0.05) dietary NE (linear effect, $p{\leq}0.05$) remained appreciable. In Trial 2, 5 cannulated Holstein steers were used to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of digestion and amino acid supply to the small intestine. There were no treatment effects on flow of dietary and microbial N to the small intestine. Postruminal N digestion increased (p = 0.04) with increasing level of supplemental methionine. Methionine supplementation linearly increased (p<0.01) duodenal flow of methionine. Likewise, lysine supplementation increased an average of 4.6% (p = 0.04) duodenal flow of lysine. In steers that received non-supplemented diet, observed intestinal amino acid supply were in good agreement with expected. Conclusion: We conclude that addition of rumen-protected methionine and lysine to diets may enhance gain efficiency and dietary energetics of growing Holstein calves. Observed amino acid supply to the small intestine were in good agreement with expected, supportive of NRC (2000, Level 1).