• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of orange (Citrus auranthium) flesh (OF) and peel (OP) extracted with acetone, ethanol, and methanol. Antioxidant potential was examined by measuring total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA), total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). The comet assay was used to determine the protective effects of OF and OP against $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. TPC was highest in the acetone extracts of OF and OP. DPPH RSA was also higher in the acetone extracts than in the ethanol extracts. The DPPH RSA was highest in the acetone extracts of OF. The TRAP and ORAC values of the all extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the TRAP assay, the acetone extracts of OF and OP had the lowest $IC_{50}$ values. In the CAA assay, the methanol and acetone extracts of OP had the lowest $IC_{50}$ values. All of the samples protected against $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leukocytes, as measured by the comet assay, but the acetone extracts of OP had the strongest effect. These results suggest that acetone is the best solvent for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from OF and OP. Furthermore, the high antioxidant activity of OP, which is a by-product of orange processing, suggests that it can be used in nutraceutical and functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.469-475
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• 1987

The present paper was investigated to elucidate the nitrite-scavenging ability of seaweed extracts. Seaweed extracts possessed the scavenging ability of nitrite. By fractionation of seaweed extracts, nitrite-scavenging ability of laver(Porphyra tenera), sea lettuce(Enteromorpha compresa) extracts were effective in the water-soluble fraction, but sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida), sea staghorn (Codium fragile) extracts in the methanol-soluble fraction. Nitrite scavenging ability of seaweed extracts was also pH-dependent, highest at pH1.2 and lowest at pH6.0. Particularly, nitrite-scavenging abilities of water-soluble fractions obtained from laver and sea lettuce were similar to that of L-ascorbic acid at pHl.2. After seaweed extracts were treated with sodium borohydride, nitrite-scavenging ability was remarkably decreased at pH1.2. It is assumed that reducing powers of seaweed extracts participated in their nitrite-scavenging abilities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.491-499
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative effects of solvent extracts of eighteen curry spices. Yields of the curry spices extracted by methanol, ethylacetate and hexane were $6.4{\sim}42.9%$, $3.9{\sim}26.2%$ and $1.6{\sim}29.2%$, respectively. Methanol, ethylacetate and hexane extracts of spices were added up to 1,500 ppm in the rice bran oil and antioxidative effects of extracts were tested by Rancimat. Induction periods of spices extracted by methanol were in the order of rosemary(33.5hr)>sage(29.1hr)>ginger(28.6hr)>turmeric(26.9hr)>nutmeg(25.8hr)>oregano(25.6hr)>thyme(25.3hr)>BHT(24.5hr)>control(22.6hr). Those of ethylacetate extracts were as follows: rosemary(43.9hr)>sage(30.9hr)>oregano(29.0hr)>thyme(27.5hr)>ginger(27.1hr)>BHT(24.5hr)>control(22.6hr). Those of hexane extracts were in the order of rosemary(47.4hr)>sage(31.4hr)>oregano(27.3hr)>ginger(25.5hr)>thyme(25.1hr)>control(22.6hr). Solvent extracts of rosemary, sage, oregano, ginger and thyme showed significant antioxidative effects. Two thousands ppm hexane-extract of rosemary was the most effective. Addition of hexane-extracts of rosemary didn't show any synergism with the hexane extracts of sage, oregano, ginger, and thyme.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 1998

Of crude extracts from 30 species belonging to the 21 families of medical plants, the crude extracts from Cinnamomum cassia, Paeonia moutan, Dictamnus dasycarpus showed highly antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1 and R. solani AG2-2. The antifungal activity of C. cassia and P. moutan against R. solani AG1-1 were the highest through 100% methanol extraction, but the one of D. dasycarpus were the highest through 80% methanol extraction. On the other hand, against R. solani AG2-2 the antifungal activity of them were the highest through 100% methanol. C. cassia P. mouton and D. dasycarpus showed over 60% inhibition of mycelial growth against R. solani AG1-1 and R. solani AG2-2 on up to 500 fold dilution. The crude extract of P. moutan showed broader antifungal spectrum compared with those of C. cassia and D. dasycarpus. The crude extract of C. cassia was not phytotoxic at over 250 fold dilution and the crude extract of P. moutan was not phytotoxic at over 100 fold dilution. The crude extract of D. dasycarpus was not phytotoxic even at full concentration. The control values of P. moutan and D. dasycarpus were increased 75.0% and 79.1% respectively 30 days after treatment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2001

The water and methanol extract were obtained from fruit body of 8 kind of edible mushrooms. The antibacterial activity of extracts on the growth of pathogenic bacteria(Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O 157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium) was determined. Methanol fraction of Gyrophora esculenta showed excellent antibacterial activity alai t 5 strains of pathogenic bacteria. The 80% methanol extract of Gyrophora esculenta and Phelinus were fractionated with diethylether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The diethylether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractiorl of Gyrophora esculenta had excellent antibacterial activity and ethyl acetate and butanol fraction of Phellinus linteus had weak antibacterial activity against 5 strains of pathogenic bacteria. Electron donating ability of each fraction of Gyrophora esculenta was increased in order of ethylacetate, chloroform, butanol, diethylether and water. Nitrite scavenging ability was observed in ethyl acetate fraction of Gyrophora esculenta and other fractions showed no activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.419-424
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• 2014

Metabolite profiling of blueberry (cultivar "Spartan") was performed by extraction using different solvents, methanol and ethyl acetate, through metabolomic analysis using LC-MS/MS. Unsupervised classification method (PCA) and supervised prediction model (OPLS-DA) provided good categorization of metabolites according to the extraction solvents. Metabolites of the anthocyanin family, including delphinidin hexoside, delphinidin, 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, malvidin hexoside, malvidin-3-arabinoside, petunidin-3-arabinoside, and petunidin hexoside, were mainly detected in methanol fractions, whereas those of the flavonoid family, including chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid dimer, 6,8-di-C-arabinopyranosyl-luteolin, and luteolin were successfully prepared in the ethyl acetate fraction. Thus, metabolomic analysis of blueberry extracts allows for the simple profiling of whole and distinctive metabolites for future applications.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 1996

Methylobacillus sp. strain SK1, which grows only on methanol, was found to grow in the absence of added copper. The doubling time (t$_{d}$ = 1.3 h) of the bacterium growing at the exponential growth phase at 30.deg.C in the absence of copper was the same as that of the cell growing in the presence of copper. The bacterium growing after the exponential phase in the absence of copper, however, grew faster than the cell growing in the presence of copper. Cells harvested after thee arly stationary phase in the presence of copper were found to exhibit no methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) activity, but the amount and subunit structure of the enzyme in the cells were almost the same as that in cells harboring active MDH. Pellets of the cells harvested after the early stationary phase in the presence of copper were pale green. Cell-free extracts prepared from cells harvested at the early stationary phase in the presence of copper were pink and exhibited MDH activity, but it turned dark-green rapidly from the surface under air. The green-colored portions of the extracts showed no MDH activity and contained c-type cytochromes that were oxidized completely. The inactive MDH activity and contained c-type cytochromes that were oxidized completely. The inactive MDH proteins in the green portions were found to have antigenic sites identical to those of the active one as the inactive MDHs in cells grown in the presence of copper. The bacterium was found to accumulate copper actively during the exponential growth phase. MDH prepared from cells grown in the presence or absence of copper was found to be more stable under nitrogen gas than under air. Methanol at 10 mM was found to enhance the stability of the MDH under air.r.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.706-709
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• 2003

The antioxidant activities of methanol and dichloromethane/acetone extracts of twenty three seaweeds were tested by using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) at a $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations. The dichloromethane/acetone extracts of three seaweeds(Symphyocladia latiuscula, Gloiopoltis furcata, Sagassum thunbergii), were found to be most effective in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging effect of these seaweeds was Symphyocladia latiuscula(85.82%), Gloiopoltis furcata(82.83%), Sagassum thunbergii(74.05%) in order. These seaweeds were evaluated using the pyrogallol UV-VIS spectrophotometeric method to generate superoxide anion. Among them, the methanol extracts of six seaweeds were showed weak superoxide dismutase-like activities. The dichloromethane/acetone extracts obtained from Symphyocladia latiuscula was fractionated with $CH_2Cl_2$, n-hexane, 15% aq.MeOH, n-BuOH, $H_2O$. The 15% aq.MeOH soluble fraction exhibiting the strongest antioxidative activities was further purified by C18 column flash chromatography and reversed HPLC. The two active principles of Symphyocladia latiuscula were isolated and characterized as 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol(1), 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether(2).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.211-215
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• 1999

This study was aimed to evaluate an agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor of several medicinal plants, which have been used as sedatives in oriental medicine. Methanol extracts of medicinal plants which were used in this study inhibited the binding of $[^3H]Ro15-1788$, a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist to benzodiazepine receptor of rat cortices. Inhibitory activity of Cyperus rotundus was observed to be the highest among the tested medicinal plants. Methanol extracts of Cyperus rotundus and Zizypus jujuba inhibited a $[^3H]flunitrazepam$, a selective benzodiazepine receptor agonist, binding to benzodiazepine receptor. GABA significantly enhanced the inhibition of $[3H]flunitrazepam$ binding by Cyperus rotundus and Zizypus jujuba, and these positive GABA shifts supported the strong possibility of agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor. From these results, it may be concluded that the substance or substances with neurochemical properties characteristic of a benzodiazepine receptor agonist may be important components and contribute to the sedative property of these medicinal plants.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 1994

The methanol extracts from 30 species of oriental medicinal plants belonging to 24 families were tested for their lhicidal and antifeeding activit~es against diamondback moth (Plutello xylostella L) and tobacco cutworn (Spodoptera litura F.) by a leaf-dipping method at a concentration of 5, 000 ppm. The methanol extract from Copti chinensis only showed a potent larvicidal activity against P xylostello. Strong antifeeding activity against P. xylostello was observed from the extmds from Platycodon grandiflorurn, Codonopsis pilosula, Asomm sieboldii, Rhus chinensis and Uthospermum erythrorhizon And a potent antifeeding activity against S. liturn was obtained from Akebia quinata and Equlsetum hyemale extracts. A significant antifeeding activity against both species was obtained from R chinensis and C. chinensis extracts.