• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2017

A study on the modeling of the methane Chemical Looping Reforming system was carried out. It is aimed to predict the temperature and concentration behavior of the product through modeling of oxygen carrier fixed bed reactors composed of multiple stacks. In order to design the reaction system, first of all, the flow rate of the hydrogen to be produced was calculated. The flow rate ratio of the oxidation/reduction reactor was calculated considering the heat of reaction between adjacent reactors. Finally, in this paper, kinetic model including empirical coefficients was suggested.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.547-552
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• 2010

The recent bloom of a very large jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai has caused a danger to sea fishery and sea bathers. Presently, Nemopilema nomurai is thrown away through a separator system in the sea. The objective of this work was to produce bio-gas from Nemopilema nomurai by using anaerobic digestion. The bio-gas includes the hydrogen or the methane gases. It relates that Nemopilema nomurai is effectually changed into the renewable energy. When the jellyfish biomass was used as an organic carbon source the bio-gases were evolved. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for hydrogen and methane gases production according to the substrate concentrations of Nemopilema nomurai, optimal culture condition and the sludge-pretreatment without pH control. The optimal culture condition was found to be $35^{\circ}C$ and the heat-treatments of jellyfish was done at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The production rate of hydrogen and methane gas were found to be 8.8 mL/L/h, 37.2 mL/L/h from 1.5 g of dry Nemopilema nomurai.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.542-549
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• 2015

하수 슬러지의 생물전기화학 혐기성소화에 대한 인가전압의 영향을 0.2-0.4 V에서 수행하였다. 인가전압 0.3 V에서 pH와 VFAs는 7.32, 760 mg COD/L로 매우 안정한 값을 유지하였다. 이때 비메탄생성량은 $1.32L\;CH_4/L.d$이었으며, 바이오가스의 메탄함량은 73.8%로서 생물전기화학 혐기성소화조에 0.3 V의 낮은 전압을 인가하여도 혐기성 소화의 성능을 크게 향상 시킬 수 있었다. 0.4 V를 인가하였을 때, VFAs 성상의 포름산과 프로피온산 비율이 증가하였으며, 비메탄 생성량과 바이오 가스의 메탄함량은 각각 $1.24L\;CH_4/L.d$ 및 72.4%로 약간 감소하였다. 인가전압 0.2 V에서 pH는 6.3으로 감소하였으며, VFAs 농도는 5,684 mg COD/L로 크게 증가하였다. 또한, VFAs 구성성분 중에서 프로피온산과 뷰티르산의 비율이 급격히 증가하였고 비메탄생성량과 메탄함량이 크게 감소하였다. 인가전압 0.2 V에서 생물전기화학 혐기성 소화조의 성능 저하는 이산화탄소의 환원반응에 대한 열역학적인 전위구동력의 부족에 기인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.496-501
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• 2012

Thirty-five available feeds were fermented in vitro in order to investigate their soluble total organic carbon (TOCs) and methane ($CH_4$) production rate. A fermentation reactor was designed to capture the $CH_4$ gas emitted and to collect liquor from the reactor during in vitro fermentation. The results showed that $CH_4$ production rate greatly varied among feeds with different ingredients. The lowest $CH_4$-producing feeds were corn gluten feed, brewer's grain, and orchard grass among the energy, protein, and forage feed groups, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in digestibility, soluble total organic carbon (TOCs), and $CH_4$ emissions among feeds, during 48 h of in vitro fermentation. Digestibility and TOCs was not found to be related due to different fermentation pattern of each but TOCs production was directly proportional to $CH_4$ production (y = 0.0076x, $r^2$ = 0.83). From this in vitro study, TOCs production could be used as an indirect index for estimation of $CH_4$ emission from feed ingredients.

• 생태와환경
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• 제34권1호통권93호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2001

저온에서 메탄발생 경로의 변화에 대하여 팔당호 연안대에서 채취한 저질토 슬러리를 배양하여 실험하였다. 저질토 슬러리의 메탄발생속도는 5${\sim}$45$^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 온도가 상승함에 따라서 지수함수적으로 증가하여 45$^{\circ}C$에서 7.4 nmol${\cdot}$g$^{-1}{\cdot}$h$^{-1}$로서 최대에 달한 후 급격히 감소하였다. 배양온도를 고온인 30$^{\circ}C$에서 저온인 15$^{\circ}C$로 감소시키면 메탄발생속도와 수소축적속도가 감소하였고 아세트산은 일시적으로 축적되었다. 배양온도 15$^{\circ}C$와 30$^{\circ}C$에서 클로로포름은 메탄발생을 완전히 억제하였고 메탄발생의 직접적 기질인 수소와 아세트산이 축적되었다. 이 수소와 아세트산의 축적량을 메탄발생량으로 환산하면, 아세트산으로부터의 메탄발생량은 30$^{\circ}C$와 15$^{\circ}C$에서 각각 총메탄발생량의 14%와 75%로 추정되었다. 또한 저온에서 저질토 슬러리에 아세트산을 19 mM 이상으로 첨가하면 메탄발생이 저해되었다. 결국 저온 조건에서는 메탄발생에 대한 아세트산의 상대적 기여도가 증가하고, 고농도의 아세트산에 의하여 메탄과정이 저해되었다. 그러므로 팔당호 연안대 저질토의 유기물 혐기분해에서 아세트산-이용 메탄발생과정은 저온에서 핵심과정이 되고, 고농도의 아세트산에 의한 병목현상이 일어난다고 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodegradability and performance of organic removal and methane production rate when treating piggery wastewater using a pilot scale two-phase anaerobic system operated up to a volumetric rate of $10m^3/day$. The pilot scale two-phase anaerobic process is consisted of a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR) for the acidification phase and an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor (UASB) for the methanogenesis. The acidogenic reactor played key roles in reducing the periodically applied shock-loading and in the acidification of the influent organics. The acidogenic CFSTR was operated at organic loading rates (OLR) between 1.8 and $14.4kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}day$, and the UASB reactor was operated between 0.5 and $5.6kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}day$. A stable maximum biogas production rate was $81m^3/day$ and the methane conversion rate of the organic matter varied from 0.30 to $0.42L\;CH_4/g\;COD_{removed}$(0.40) at hydraulic retention time (HRT) above 3.5days. The methane contents ranged from 73 to 82% during the experimental period. It is known that most of the removed organic matter was converted to methane gas, and the produced biogas might be high quality for its subsequent use.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1998

The characteristics of anaerobic degradation of phenol were studied in a fluidized bed reactor using a granular activated carbon as media. Increasing the phenol loading rate with variation of feed concentration was considered as an experimental variable. In the present anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor, the removal efficiency of phenol and COD was maintained about 93-99% and 91-96%, respectively, up to 3.6 kg-phenol/$m^3\cdot d$ of the phenol loading rate, but it was abruptly decreased under 5.0 kg-phenol/$m^3\cdot d$. The volumetric production of biogas per removed phenol was decreased linearly between 0.80-1.27 m$^3$ gas/kg-phenol (0.35-0.56 m$^3$-gas/kg-COD), increasing the phenol loading rate, and the methane content of biogas was 55-60% as similar to that estimated theoretically up to 3.6 kg-phenol/$m^3\cdot d$. But the production rate and methane content of biogas were suddenly decreased at the loading rate of 5.0 kg-phenol/$m^3\cdot d$. Therefore, the anaerobically biodegradable phenol loading rate of the present reactor was 3.6 kg-phenol/$m^3\cdot$ d in order to accomplish over 90% of the removal efficiency.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2018

본 연구는 음식물폐기물로부터 얻어진 증산제 용액을 농축슬러지와 함께 혐기소화조의 투입한 결과 혐기소화율 향상 및 슬러지 감량화를 살펴보았다. 혐기소화조에 증산제를 5%정도 농축슬러지와 함께 투입한 소화조의 메탄생성율이 약 2.7배 정도 높게 발생하였으며, 소화조내 TCOD 농도값이 약 2배 이상 높게 나타난 것은 투입된 농축슬러지의 감량화가 빠르게 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 투입된 증산제로 인해 메탄생성효율에 크게 기여함을 간접적으로 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1993

The anaerobic digestion of organic synthetic wastewater in anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFBBR) and anaerobic fluidized packed bed bioreactor (AFPBBR) was studied. This study was conducted to evaluate efficiency and reliability of two reactor. Experiment was performed to find the effect of upflow rate with AFBBR and the height of packed bed with AFPBBR. As a result, this program obtained several conclusion. These are given as follows: As applied the upflow rate increased in AFBBR the produced volume of biogas increased, while the gas production and COD removal decreased at above 0.3 m$^3$/h. When a upflow rate is 0.4 m$^3$/h in AFBBR the volatile suspended solid (VSS) became significantly increased. At an organic loading rate from 0.1 to 0.4 of upflow rate in AFBBR, the methane yield was 1.5584 m$^3$CH$_4$/kgCOD removed, and the observed cell yield coefficient was 0.0933 gVSS/gCOD. In case of AFPBBR, the results showed also that 20 cm of height of packed bed was superior to other in the aspect ot biogas production, the content of methane and COD removal. At 20 cm of height, the profile of microorganisms was stable, while at 30 cm the VSS of effluent became higher than AFBBR. Though COD removal of AFPBBR increased with packed bed, COD removal deteriorate with over packing because the loss of pressure became higher in the reactor. At an organic loading rate from 20 to 40 cm of packed bed in-AFPBBR, the methane yield was 2.5649 m$^3$CH$_4$/kgCOD removed, and the observed cell yield coefficient was 0.0506 gVSS/gCOD. Based upon the results obtained, it is suggested that AFBBR and AFPBBR is the most effective conditions at 0.3 m3/h of upflow rate, the 20cm of packed bed, respectively. The rate constant are summarized as follow:

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.438-445
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• 1993

유기칠 폐기물을 보다 효율적으로 처리하고자, 상 분리 혐기발효와 Chiorella 배양에 의한 생우분의 4 단계-복합처리를 시도하였다. 3배 희석 생우분을 6 일간 산발효시킨 발효액을 4 일의 수리학적 체류시 간으로 1차 에탄발효조에 공급했을 때, 평균 977ml/l C비ture/day의 바이오가스가 생산되었고, 1차 발효 폐액을 역시 4일의 체류시간으로 2차 메탄발효조에 공급했을 때 평균 428ml/l culture/day의 바이오 가스가 생산되었다. 1차 메탄발효의 바이오가스 생 산성은 재래의 단일조식과 비교했을 때 31.4% 증가 되었다. 또한 산발효과정, 1차 및 2차 에탄발효과정 의 유기물 제거율은 각기 71.8%, 42.6% 그리고 2 24.0%였다. 한편, 2차 메탄발효폐액은 Chiarella s sp. PSH3에 의해 10일의 체류시간으로 반연속배양 처리한 결과, 평균 1.8g/l culture/day(2.8$\times$106 cells/ml)의 조체가 생산되었고, 이 과정의 유기물 제거율은 73%였다. 이상의 4단계 처리과정을 통하 여 초발원료인 3배 희석 생우분의 COD가 51, 300ppm에서 최종단계인 Chiarella의 처리에 의해 평균 85ppm으로 감소되어 총유기물 제거율이 99.8 %에 달하였다. 이들의 결과는 유기질 폐기물의 효 율적 처리와 더불어 바이오가스와 균체단백질을 생산하는 복합처리계의 구성이 가능함을 나타낸다.