• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

The study is to analyze the chemical and heat-flow reactions in the hydrogen generation unit(autothermal reformer), using computational numerical tools. Autothermal reformer(ATR) is involved in complex chemical reaction, mass and heat transfer due to exothermic and endothermic reactions. Therefore it is necessary to reveal the effects of various operation parameters and geometries on the ATR performance by using numerical analysis. Numerical analysis needs to dominant chemical reactions that includes Full Combustion(FC) reaction, Steam Reforming(SR) reaction, Water-Gas Shift(WGS) reaction and Direct Steam Reforming(DSR) reaction. The objective of the study is to improve theoretically the reformer design capability for the goal of high hydrogen production in the autothermal reformer using methane. Hydrogen production reached maximum in a certain value of Oxygen to Carbon Ratio(OCR) or Steam to Carbon Ratio(SCR). When the longitudinal distance to dimeter ratio(L/D) is increased, hydrogen production increases.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2011

The use of biogas as an energy source reduces the chance of possible emission of two greenhouse gases, $CH_4$ and $CO_2$, into the atmosphere at the same time. Its nature of being a reproducible energy source makes its use even more attractive. This research if for the hydrogen production through the steam reforming of the biogas. The biogas utilized 3D-IR matrix burner in which the surface combustion is applied. The nickel catalyst was used inside a reformer. Parametric screening studies were achieved as Steam/Carbon ratio, biogas component ratio, Space velocity and Reformer temperature. When the condition of Steam/Carbon ratio, $CH_4/CO_2$ ratio, Space velocity and Refomer temperature were 3.25, 60%:40%, 19.32L/$g{\cdot}hr$ and $700^{\circ}C$ respectively, the hydrogen concentration and methane conversion rate were showed maximum values. Under the condition mentioned above, $H_2$ concentration was 73.9% and methane conversion rate was 98.9%.

• 청정기술
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2017

HY 제올라이트에 담지된 Ni 촉매 및 Mg, Ca, K 그리고 Mn 등이 조촉매로 함께 담지된 Ni/HY 촉매상에서 메탄의 건식 개질 반응을 수행하였다. 촉매는 초기 함침법으로 제조하였으며 제조된 촉매는 XRD, BET, SEM 및 TGA 분석을 통하여 반응 전후 의 촉매 변화를 고찰하였다. Ni의 담지량이 증가함에 따라 메탄의 전환율 및 생성물의 수율이 증가하였으며 Ni의 담지량이 13 wt% 일 때 메탄의 전환율이 최대를 나타내었다. Mg를 조촉매로 함께 담지하였을 때 촉매의 탄소에 대한 저항성이 크게 증가하였으며 이에 따라 촉매의 장기 안정성이 크게 향상되었다. 이는 조촉매로 담지된 Mg가 Ni의 입자 크기를 작게 하여 Ni의 분산도를 향상시키고 촉매의 비활성화를 방지하기 때문인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2009

The steam reformer for hydrogen production from methane is studied by a numerical method. Langmuir- Hinshelwood model is incorporated for catalytic surface reactions, and the pseudo-homogeneous model is used to take into account local equilibrium phenomena between a catalyst and bulk gas. Dominant chemical reactions are Steam Reforming (SR) reaction, Water-Gas Shift (WGS) reaction, and Direct Steam Reforming (DSR) reaction. The numerical results are validated with experimental results at the same operating conditions. Using the validated code, parametric study has been numerically performed in view of the steam reformer performance. As increasing a wall temperature, the fuel conversion increases due to the high heat transfer rate. When Steam to Carbon Ratio (SCR) increases, the concentration of carbon monoxide decreases since WGS reaction becomes more active. When increasing Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV), the fuel conversion decreases due to the heat transfer limitation and the low residence time. The reactor shape effects are also investigated. The length and radius of cylindrical reactors are changed at the same catalyst volume. The longer steam reformer is, the better steam reformer performs. However, system energy efficiency decreases due to the large pressure drop.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2005

수소에너지는 기존의 석유화학공업의 원료로서 뿐만 아니라 연료전지와 연계하여 소요량이 급속히 증가할 것으로 예측된다. 장기적으로는 재생에너지를 사용한 물 전기분해, 원자력을 이용한 수소 제조가 주목받고 있지만, 안정된 기술이 확보되기까지는 화석연료를 사용한 수소 제조법이 대용량 수소 제조법 중 가장 경제적인 것으로 분석되고 있다. 현재 화석 연료 중 천연가스를 이용한 수증기 개질 수소 제조법이 상업적인 공정으로 채택되고 있으나 $CO_2$ 분리 처리 비용이 경제성 평가에 중요한 항목으로 부각되고 있다. 따라서 천연가스를 이용한 수소 제조에도 다양한 공정이 제안되고 있으므로 천연가스를 원료로 한 수소 제조 기술의 개발 현황을 살펴보았다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2019

Greenhouse gas emissions have a profound effect on global warming. Various environmental regulations have been introduced to reduce the emissions. The largest amount of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, is produced in the steel industry. To decrease carbon dioxide emission, hydrogen-based iron oxide reduction, which can replace carbon-based reduction has received a great attention. Iron production generates various by-product gases, such as cokes oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG), and Linz-Donawitz gas (LDG). In particular, COG, due to its high concentrations of hydrogen and methane, can be reformed to become a major source of hydrogen for reducing iron oxide. Nevertheless, continuous COG cannot be supplied under actual operation condition of steel industry. To solve this problem, this study proposed to use two alternative COG-based fuel mixtures; one with natural gas and the other with biogas. Reforming study on two types of mixed gas were carried out to evaluate catalyst performance under a variety of operating conditions. In addition, methane conversion and product composition were investigated both theoretically and experimentally.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.218-221
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• 2009

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), as high-temperature fuel cells, have various advantages. In some merits of SOFCs, high temperature operation can lead to the capability for internal reforming, providing fuel flexibility. SOFCs can directly use CH4 and CO as fuels with sufficient steam feeds. However, hydrocarbons heavier than CH4, such as ethylene, ethane, and propane, induce carbon deposition on the Ni-based anodes of SOFCs. In the case of the ethylene steam reforming reaction on a Ni-based catalyst, the rate of carbon deposition is faster than among other hydrocarbons, even aromatics. In the reformates of heavy hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, kerosene and JP-8), the concentration of ethylene is usually higher than other low hydrocarbons such as methane, propane and butane. It is importatnt that ethylene in the reformate is removed for stlable operation of SOFCs. A new methodology, termed post-reforming was introduced for removing low hydrocarbons from the reformate gas stream. In this work, activity tests of some post-reforming catalysts, such as CGO-Ru, CGO-Ni, and CGO-Pt, are investigated. CGO-Pt catalyst is not good for removing ethylene due to low conversion of ethylene and low selectivity of ethylene dehydrogenation. The other hand, CGO-Ru and CGO-Ni catalysts show good ethylene conversion, and CGO-Ni catalyst shows the best reaction selectivity of ethylene dehydrogenation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.636-644
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to investigate characteristics of an autothermal reformer at various operating conditions. Numerical method has been used, and simulation model has been developed for the analysis. Pseudo-homogeneous model is incorporated because the reactor is filled with catalysts of a packed-bed type. Dominant chemical reactions are Full Combustion reaction, Steam Reforming(SR) reaction, Water-Gas Shift(WGS) reaction, and Direct Steam Reforming(DSR) reaction. Simulation results are compared with experimental results for code validation. Operating parameters of the autothermal reformer are inlet temperature, Oxygen to Carbon Ratio(OCR), Steam to Carbon Ratio(SCR), and Gas Hourly Space Velocity(GHSV). Temperature at the reactor center, fuel conversion, species at the reformer outlet, and reforming efficiency are shown as simulation results. SR reaction rate is improved by increased inlet temperature. Reforming efficiency and fuel conversion reached the maximum at 0.7 of OCR. SR reaction and WGS reaction are activated as SCR increases. When GHSV is increased, reforming efficiency increases but pressure drop from the increased GHSV may decrease the system efficiency.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2010

The purpose of the research is to develop the high performance solar chemical reactor for producing hydrogen using steam reforming reaction of methane. A specific shape chemical reactor is suggested : spiral type reactor. The reactor is installed on the dish-type solar thermal system of Inha University. The temperatures, $CH_4$ conversion rates, and Hz proportion are measured. At specific condition, $CH_4$ conversion rates of the spiral type reactor are about 91%, and Hz proportion are about 66%. The spiral type reactor gives reasonably good performance without any problems caused by highly concentrated solar radiation.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.55-60
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• 2009

The purpose of the research is to develop the high performance solar chemical reactor for producing hydrogen using steam reforming reaction of methane. A specific shape chemical reactor is suggested: spiral type reactor. The reactor is installed on the dish-type solar thermal system of Inha University. The temperatures, $CH_4$ conversion rates are measured. At specific condition, $CH_4$ conversion rates of the spiral type reactor are about 92%. The spiral type reactor gives reasonably good performance without any problems caused by highly concentrated solar radiation.