• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

호우, 폭염, 한파와 같은 기상재해를 미연에 방지하기 위해서는 기상예측이 매우 중요하다. 우리나라 기상청에서는 현재시점의 기상특보를 제공하고 있고, 농촌진흥청에서는 농장재해에 대한 2일 예보를 일부 지역에 대해 시범서비스 하고 있다. 이러한 기상위험 조기경보 시스템의 발전을 위해서는 전국적인 고해상도 예측자료와 Web GIS가 통합될 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 1시간 간격, 1km 해상도의 수치예보 자료와 Web GIS가 통합된 형태의 기상위험 조기경보 서비스의 프로토타입 개발을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 전지구모델 GME의 다운스케일링을 통해 시공간분해능이 향상된 기상위험 예측자료가 Web GIS를 통해 표출되도록 하였으며, 오픈소스 기반의 지도 API와 JavaScript 라이브러리의 시각화기법을 결합하여 동적 인터액션이 가능한 사용자 인터페이스를 구성하였다. 711,504개 격자점에 대하여 1시간 간격의 위도, 경도, 기온, 강수량 등 9개 항목으로 이루어진 대량의 데이터를 관리하기 위하여 오픈소스 기반의 DBMS인 PostgreSQL을 사용하였으며, Spring과 myBatis를 연동하여 전자정부 프레임웍기반의 웹서비스를 구성하였다. 이 시스템은 현재의 기상위험 상황에 대한 정보뿐만 아니라, 향후 7일간의 호우, 폭염, 한파 등 기상위험 예측정보가 1시간 간격 및 읍면동 단위로 제공된다. 이 시스템이 현업운용 되기 위해서는 수치예보의 정확도 향상과 함께 래스터 및 벡터 자료의 전처리시간 단축이 향후과제로서 해결되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1047-1059
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• 2019

To address the increase of weather hazards and the emergence of new types of such hazards, an optimization technique for three-dimensional (3D) representation of meteorological facts and atmospheric information was examined in this study as a novel method for weather analysis. The proposed system is termed as "meteorological and air quality information visualization engine" (MAIVE), and it can support several file formats and can implement high-resolution 3D terrain by employing a 30 m resolution digital elevation model. In this study, latest 3D representation techniques such as wind vector fields, contour maps, stream vector, stream line flow along the wind field and 3D volume rendering were applied. Implementation of the examples demonstrates that the results of numerical modeling are well reflected, and new representation techniques can facilitate the observation of meteorological factors and atmospheric information from different perspectives.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2016년도 추계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.44-48
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• 2016

Extreme temperature impacts on field crop are of key concern and increasingly assessed, however the studies have seldom taken into account the automatic adaptations such as shifts in planting dates, phenological dynamics and cultivars. In this present study, trial data on rice phenology, agro-meteorological hazards and yields during 1981-2009 at 120 national agro-meteorological experiment stations were used. The detailed data provide us a unique opportunity to quantify extreme temperature impacts on rice yield more precisely and in a setting with automatic adaptations.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.981-988
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• 2020

This study presents meteorological data integrity to improve environmental quality assessment in Yongdam catchment. The study examines both extreme ranges of meteorological data measurements and data reliability which include maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, radiation, heat flux. There were some outliers and missing data from the measurements. In addition, the latent heat flux and sensible heat flux data were not reasonable and evapotranspiration data did not match at some points. The accuracy and consistency of data stored in a database for the study were secured from the data integrity. Users need to take caution when using meteorological data from the Yongdam catchment in the preparation of water resources planning, environmental impact assessment, and natural hazards analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제80권6호
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• pp.711-726
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• 2021

This paper presents a multiple parameters-based recursive methodology for the reliability quantification of civil structures subjected to meteorological disasters. Recognizing the challenge associated with characterizing at a single stroke all the meteorological disasters that may hit a structure during its service life, the proposed methodology by contrast features a multiparameter recursive mechanism to describe the meteorological demand of the structure. The benefit of the arrangements is that the essentially inevitable deviation of the practically observed meteorological data from those in the existing model can be mitigated in an adaptive manner. In particular, the implications of potential climate change to the relevant reliability of civil structures are allowed for. The application of the formulated methodology of recursive reliability quantification is illustrated by first considering the reliability quantification of a linear shear frame against simulated strong wind loads. A parametric study is engaged in this application to examine the effect of some hyperparameters in the configured hierarchical model. Further, the application is extended to a nonlinear hysteretic shear frame involving some field-observed cyclone data, and the incompleteness of the relevant structural diagnosis data that may arise in reality is taken into account. Also investigated is another application scenario where the reliability of a building envelope is assessed under hailstone impacts, and the emphasis is to demonstrate the recursive incorporation of newly obtained meteorological data.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Remote sensing products have long been used to monitor and forecast natural disasters. Satellite-derived rainfall products are becoming more accurate as space and time resolution improve, and are widely used in areas where measurement is difficult because of the periodic accumulation of images in large areas. In the case of North Korea, there is a limit to the estimation of precipitation for unmeasured areas due to the limited accessibility and quality of statistical data. CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations) is global satellite-derived rainfall data of 0.05 degree grid resolution. It has been available since 1981 from USAID (U.S. Agency for International Development), NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). This study evaluates the applicability of CHIRPS rainfall products for South Korea and North Korea by comparing CHIRPS data with ground observation data, and analyzing temporal and spatial drought trends using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a meteorological drought index available through CHIRPS. The results indicate that the data set performed well in assessing drought years (1994, 2000, 2015 and 2017). Overall, this study concludes that CHIRPS is a valuable tool for using data to estimate precipitation and drought monitoring in Korea.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.487-491
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• 2007

Recently, rainfall induced hazard has been increased gradually, for example, typhoon Rusa in 2002 and Maemi in 2003. In addition, localized heavy rainfall has been also caused tremendous damage to railroad systems. Measured data from the Meteorological Adminstration sometimes, However, are not in accordance with those of rain gauges in local area, because of its good distance. This study develop automatic alarming software to estimate and prevent these kind of rainfall induced hazards in railroad system with online transportation.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.467-480
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• 2014

The estimation of wind speed values used in codes and standards is an integral part of the wind load evaluation process. In a number of codes and standards, wind speeds outside of tropical cyclone prone regions are estimated using a single probability distribution developed from observed wind speed data, with no distinction made between the types of causal wind hazard (e.g., thunderstorm). Non-tropical cyclone wind hazards (i.e., thunderstorm, non-thunderstorm) have been shown to possess different probability distributions and estimation of non-tropical cyclone wind speeds based on a single probability distribution has been shown to underestimate wind speeds. Current treatment of non-tropical cyclone wind hazards in worldwide codes and standards is touched upon in this work. Meteorological data is available at a considerable number of United States (U.S.) stations that have information on wind speed as well as the type of causal wind hazard. In this paper, probability distributions are fit to distinct storm types (i.e., thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm) and the results of these distributions are compared to fitting a single probability distribution to all data regardless of storm type (i.e., co-mingled). Distributions fitted to data separated by storm type and co-mingled data will also be compared to a derived (i.e., "mixed") probability distribution considering multiple storm types independently. This paper will analyze two extreme value distributions (e.g., Gumbel, generalized Pareto). It is shown that mixed probability distribution, on average, is a more conservative measure for extreme wind speed estimation. Using a mixed distribution is especially conservative in situations where a given wind speed value for either storm type has a similar probability of occurrence, and/or when a less frequent storm type produces the highest overall wind speeds. U.S. areas prone to multiple non-tropical cyclone wind hazards are identified.

• 암석학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.405-418
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• 2014

2014년 9월 27일 11시 52분에 뚜렷한 전조현상 없이 분화를 재개한 온타케 화산으로 인해 많은 인명 피해가 발생하였다. 화산 분화 및 분화로 인한 재해에 대한 대비 매뉴얼과 방재대책이 잘 수립되어 있는 일본이지만 급작스러운 분화로 인한 피해를 막을 수 없었다. 그러나 분화 발생 직후 일본 기상청을 중심으로 화산분화예지연락회, 기상연구소, 농업기술종합연구소 등 여러 기관이 신속하게 분화 상황을 파악하고, 상호 긴밀한 협조와 연락체계를 바탕으로 정보를 공유하였다. 이를 통해 통일된 결과를 기상청을 통해 국민들에게 공표하여 화산 분화 상황과 화산 주변의 지역 주민들과 등산객 등 화산에 접근 가능한 국민들이 화산 분화로 인한 재난에 어떻게 대처해야 하는지에 대한 정보를 제공하였다. 일본의 이러한 대응을 통해 현재 분화가능성이 대두되고 있는 백두산과 같은 화산이 분화하였을 때 우리 정부에서 어떻게 대응해야 하는지에 대해 배울 수 있다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

In recent years, hazardous flash flooding has caused deaths and damage to infrastructure in Saudi Arabia. In this paper, our aim is to assess patterns and trends in climate means and extremes affecting flash flood hazards and water resources in Saudi Arabia for the purpose to improve risk assessment for forecast capacity. We would like to examine temperature, precipitation climatology and trend magnitudes at surface stations in Saudi Arabia. Based on the assessment climate patterns maps and trends are accurately used to identify synoptic situations and tele-connections associated with flash flood risk. We also study local and regional changes in hydro-meteorological extremes over recent decades through new applications of statistical methods to weather station data and remote sensing based precipitation products; and develop remote sensing based high-resolution precipitation products that can aid to develop flash flood guidance system for the flood-prone areas. A dataset of extreme events has been developed using the multi-decadal station data, the statistical analysis has been performed to identify tele-connection indices, pressure and sea surface temperature patterns most predictive to heavy rainfall. It has been combined with time trends in extreme value occurrence to improve the potential for predicting and rapidly detecting storms. A methodology and algorithms has been developed for providing a well-calibrated precipitation product that can be used in the early warning systems for elevated risk of floods.