• 한국패류학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 1987

The melaniid snails belonging to genus Semisulcospira were collected in the Kangwha and Yonchon areas of Korea in 1986 through 1987 in order to carry out a cytotaxonomic study, The snails were first narcotized with menthol and fixed with 70% ethyl alcohol for morphological identification. The gonads of adult snails were used for chromosome analyses by the technique of Imai et al. (1977) with minor modification. Slide preparations were observed under high power fields using a Leitz light miscroscope. The results obtained in the present stuedy are summarized as follows: 1)The sanils collected from Kangwha and Yonchon areas were identified as Semisulcospira forticosta(Martens, 1886)and S. gottschei (Martens, 1886) respectively.2)No specific differences were obwerved in details of the chromosome cycle between S. forticosta and S. gottschei.3) Diploid chromosome numbers observed at mitotic metaphase were 36. There was no difference in chromosome numbers between S. forticosta and S. gottschei.4) There were morphological differences in the karyotypes of the two species. The spermatogonial metaphase karyotype of S. forticosta consists of six pairs of metacentric, eleven pairs of submetacentric, and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. The spermatogonial metaphase karyotype of S. gottschei consists of five pairs of metacentric, tselve pairs of submetacentric, and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Summarizing the aboxe results, the two species of Semisulcospira employed in this study have same chromosome numbers(2n=36)with different karyotypes.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 1996

Meiotic metaphase chromosomes of the testis of two storage insects, tobacco moth (Ephestia elutella H.) and cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F.) were examined to study their karyotypes. The number of haploid chromosomes of the tobacco moth was 31 and the karyotype was characterized by 29 metacentric and 2 submetacentric chromosomes. The metaphase chromosome length of tobacco moth ranged ca. 1.44-2.11${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the average length was 1, 78${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The number of haploid chromosomes of the cigarette beetle at metaphase was 10 and the karyotype was characterized by 8 metacentric and 2 submetacentric chromosomes. The range of metaphase chromosome length of the cigarette beetle was ca. 1.79- 2.39${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the average length 2.09${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1999년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.162-163
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• 1999

The goal of this research was (1) to describe the conditions and parameters required for the cell cycle synchronization and the accumulation of large number of metaphase cells in maize and other cereal root tips, (2) to isolate intact metaphase chromosomes from root tips suitable for characterization by flow cytometry, and (3) to construct chromosome-specific libraries from maize. Plant metaphase chromosomes have been successfully synchronized and isolated from many cereal root-tips. DNA synthesis inhibitor (hydroxyurea) was used to synchronize cell cycle, follwed by treatement with trifluralin to accumulate metaphase chromosomes. Maize flow karyotypes show substantial variation among inbred lines. thish variation should be sueful in isolating individual chromosome types. In addition, flow cytometry is a useful method to measure DNA content of individual chromosomes in a genotyps, and to detect chromosomal variations. Individual chromosome peaks have been sorted from the maize hybrid B73/Mol7. Libraries were generated form the DOP-PCR amplification product from each peak. To date, we have analyzed clones from a library constructed from the maize chromosome 1 peak. Hybridization of labeled genomic DNA to clone inserts indicated that $24\%,\;18\%,\;and\;58\%$ of the clones were highly repetitive, medium repetitive, and low copy, respectively. Fifty percent of putative low cpoy clones showed single bands on inbred screening, blots, and the remaining $50\%$ were low copy repeats. Single copy clones showing polymorphism will be mapped using recombinant inbred mapping populations. Repetitive clones are being characterized by Southern blot analysis, and will be screened by in situ hybridization for their potential utility as chromosome specific markers.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2003

Objectives: The development of an useful method for obtaining metaphase chromosomes from a biopsied blastomere would allow differentiation between embryos with balanced and normal chromosome complements in the preimplantation genetic diagnosis for chromosomal translocations. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of microtubule depolymerizing agents (MTDAs) on the blastomeres of mouse and human preimplantation embryos, and to establish an effective method for obtaining metaphase chromosomes of biopsied blastomeres in human early embryos. Materials and Methods: Early embryos (2-4 cell stage) from superovulated mice (ICR strain) were collected and treated with single or mixture MTDAs, such as vinblastine, nocodazole and colcemid. After the treatment of MTDAs for 16 hours, the metaphase aquisition (MA) rates were evaluated by the observation of chromosome status with bis-benzimide or DAPI staining. The optimal condition from the above experiment was applied to human embryos, which were developed from abnormal fertilization (3-pronuclei). Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome probes was conducted on the human metaphase chromosomes by the MTDAs. Results: In mouse embryos, the effective concentrations of each MTDAs for obtaining metaphase chromosomes were $1.0{\mu}M$ of vinblastine (20.3%), $5.0{\mu}M$ of nocodazole (28.1%) and $1.0{\mu}M$ colcemid (55.6%), respectively. The highest MA rate (91.2%) in the mouse embryos was obtained by a mixture of vinblastine ($1.0{\mu}M$) and nocodazole ($1.0{\mu}M$). In the human embryos, the metaphase chromosomes of blastomeres were obtained in 44 of 113 blastomeres (38.9%) by treatment of the mixture of vinblastine and nocodazole. FISH signals of the metaphase chromosomes were successfully observed in human individual blastomeres. Conclusions: The treatment of a mixture MTDAs for obtaining metaphase chromosomes was an efficient method, and the MA rate was above 90% in the mouse embryos. However, only a relatively small proportions of the blastomeres yielded metaphase chromosomes by the MTDAs in the human embryos. The inconsistent effects of MTDAs may be related to the variation of different species and the poor developmental potency of abnormally fertilized human embryos. We should develop more reliable and efficient methods for obtaining the metaphase chromosomes in the biopsied blastomeres of human preimplantation embryos.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2018

Background: Gastrodia elata Blume is a saprophytic perennial plant in the Orchidaceae family, because of its agricultural and medicinal effectiveness, researchers focus on its genome and chemical components. However, cytogenetic information based on the chromosome structure and composition to construct chromosomal backbone for genome sequencing research and for the development and breeding of plants is very limited. Methods and Results: We determined the metaphase chromosome composition of the G. elata genome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 5S and 45S rDNAs and telomeric repeat probes. The nuclear genome of G. elata was organized into 2 n = 36, with relatively small ($2.71-5.50{\mu}m$)chromosomes that showed gradual decrease in size. Conglutination phenomenon was observed among the metaphase chromosomes, and it was distinguished from that in other plant metaphase chromosome spreads. One pair of signal was detected for each 5S and 45S rDNA in the pericentromeric region and interstitial region on the short arm of chromosomes 10 and 4, respectively, and telomeric DNA signals were detected in the terminal region of most chromosomes. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first FISH chromosome composition result in G. elata and could be useful in more comprehensive molecular cytogenetic and genomic analyses as well as breeding programs of the medicinal plant G. elata.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.615-621
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• 2002

We investigated the effects of the mitogen supplements of 3 types, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA), to a whole blood culture system on the number of metaphase spreads obtained in perinatal bovine chromosome analysis. In addition, the supplementation of ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol (${\beta}$-ME) and FBS was examined in such system. Significant differences (p<0.05) were seen in the number of metaphase spreads with PHA stimulation compared to both PWM and ConA stimulation. When examined the effects of ${\beta}$-ME supplementation, the number of metaphase spreads was significantly (p<0.05) increased at $30{\mu}M$ ${\beta}$-ME compared to control. When evaluated FBS supplementation during PWM stimulation, no significant effect of the supplementation was found. Finally, the effects of the cortisol concentration (10-20, 20-30 and >30 ng/ml) of the blood samples were examined. There was no significant effect of cortisol concentration (p>0.05) among these 3 cortisol concentration groups. The mean percentages of normal metaphase plates (2n=60) from each calf 1) with ${\beta}$-ME, 2) without ${\beta}$-ME and 3) with FBS stimulated with PWM were not significantly different (p>0.05). In conclusion, these findings may be useful in cytogenetic screening programs for not only perinatal calves but also for mature cattle.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.354-359
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• 2006

Chromosome analysis using mitosis, meiosis and bicolor FISH were carried out in Bupleurum latissimum Nakai, which is one of the endemic plants in Ulleung island of korea. The somatic methaphase chromosomes number of this plant was 2n = 2x = 16 and the chromosome complements consisted of six pairs of metacentrics and two pairs of submetacentrics. The size of chromosomes ranged 2.40${\sim}$4.20 ${\mu}$m and NOR (nucleolus organizer region) chromosome did not observed using conventional staining. In meiosis chromosomes, metaphase-I and anaphase-I were observed. Metaphase-I anaphase-I showed 8 bivalents and chromosomes migration to make two daughter cells. Using bicolor FISH, one pair of 5S and 45S rDNA signals were detected on the centromeric region of chromosome 3 and the end of short of chromosome 2,respectively. We also observed the NOR using 45S rDNA probe.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 1997

The mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Succineidae snail one species, Oxyloma hirasei(Pilsbry), were investigated by mians of air-drying mithod. The diploid chromosome numbers were n=18, 2n=36. Chromosome complements of this species consist of seven pairs of metacentrics and 11 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. Spermatogonial metaphase chromosomes range in length from 4.80${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for the largest pair to 1.44${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for the smallest pair.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1979

교배(交配) 모수(母樹)인 P. alba화분(花粉) 모수(母樹)인 P. glandulosa 및 그의 잡종(雜種)인 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa에 관(關)한 화분모세포(花粉母細胞)의 감수분열(減數分裂)에 있어 염색체행동(染色体行動)과 대합(對合) 현상(現象)에 관(關)해 조사(調査)하였다. 1. Metaphase II에서 Earyl separation chromosome을 갖는 핵판(核板)이 가장 적은 개체(個体)는 P. glandulosa로 11.0%며 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa는 13.0%로 가장 높았다. 2. Metaph se II에서 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa는 11.0%의 Early separation chromosome이 출현(出現)했으나 양친양친수(兩親兩親樹)와 차이(差異)는 없었다. 3. Anahase I에서 Lagging chromosome의 출현율(出現律)은 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa가 다소(多少) 높아 11.6%로 나타났으며 chromosome bridge에서는 양친수(兩親樹)와 거의 차(差)가 없었다. 4. Anaphase II때 Lagging chromososome은 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa에서 다소(多少) 높은 빈도(頻度)로 10.2%였으며 chromosome bridge P. glandulosa에서 가장 높은 빈도(頻度)로 출현(出現)하였다. 5. Abnormal pollen sporad는 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa에서 가장 많이 출현(出現)하여 8.2%를 나타냈다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果) P. alba, P. glandulosa 및 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa는 화분모세포분열(花粉母細胞分裂)에 있어서 염색체분열접합(染色体分裂接合)이 정상적(正常的) 행동(行動)을 하고 있어 결국(結局) 정상(正常) 화분형식(花粉形式)을 행(行)하는 수종(樹種)이라 결론(結論)할 수 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2001

Chromosomal characteristics of New Zealane White rabbit was studied at meiosis and mitosis. The meiotic chromosomal preparations were mad with the modified air-drying method and karyotype analysis was performed with the G-banding technique, using isolated mitotic metapase chromosomes of the New Zealand White rabbit. Chromosomes, sex vesicles and centromeres could be classified in the zygotene and the pachytene of the meiosis I. The hair-like processes projecting laterally from the axes of bivalent chromosomes at the mid-to-late pachytene were observed and made the appearance of the lampbrush chromosome structure. Chromosomes could be classified onthe basis of the numbers and locations of chiasma in the diakinesis. Twenty-one autosomal bivalents and a single unequal terminally associated X-Y bivalent were observe during the late prophase and the metaphase of the meiosis I. Most of the bivalent types observed in the New Zealand White rabbit spermatrocytes were 1CH, 1TAl, and 2TA bivalents. The mean chiasma frequency(CF) of the male New Zealand White rabbit was 30.2 and it was found that the CF value tended to decrease through diakinesis and the metaphase I. The karyotype of the New Zealand White rabbit was a male chromosome number of 44(2n=44) comprising 8 pairs of metacentric, 9 pairs of submetacentric, 4 pairs o acrocentric autosomes, metacentric X chromosome and acrocentric Y chromosome.