• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.421-428
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• 1996

In this study, in order to make up its draw-back in Cu-ZSM-5 catalytic system, some of transition metals or alkaline earth metals were cocation-exchanged in Cu-ZSM-5. Among various cocation-ion-exchanged ZSM-5 catalysts, Mg/Cu-ZSM-5 has been found the most active and durable in NOx reduction even at high oxygen content as well as at the presence of water vapor. The role of Mg in ZSM-5 is supposed to prevent the dealumination of aluminum ions in super-cage even at harsh hydro-thermal conditions, and also it seems to stabilize the Cu ions in the structure. In order to prepare commercially available catalysts, Mg/Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts were wash-coated on the surface of honeycomb type monolith, and tested in terms of catalytic activities. As a result, it was found that the catalyst prepared bt the wash-coating showed satisfactorily high NOx conversion for the practical use in SCR process.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.587-590
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• 2003

The first attention in designing a transformer for low temperature rise should be to reduce losses. Leakage inductance and temperature rise are two of the more impotent problems facing the magnetic core technology of today's high frequency transformers. Excessive leakage inductance increases the stress on the switching transistors and limits the duty-cycle, and excessive temperature rise can lead the design limitation of high frequency transformer with high current. The flat transformer technology provides a very good solution to the problems of leakage inductance and thermal management for high frequency power. The critical magnetic components and windings are optimized and packaged within a completely assembled module. The turns ratio in a flat transformer is determined as the product of the number of elements or modules times the number of primary turns. The leakage inductance increase proportionately to the number of elements, but since it is reduced as the square of the turns, the net reduction can be very significant. The flat transformer modules use cores which have no gap. This eliminates fringing fluxes and stray flux outside of the core. The secondary windings are formed of flat metal and are bonded to the inside surface of the core. The secondary winding thus surrounds the primary winding, so nearly all of the flux is captured.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.572-576
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• 2012

온실가스인 $CO_2$를 저감하기 위해 Pt계 촉매상 $CO_2$ methanation 반응에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. $Al_2O_3$의 전구체인 AlO(OH)를 열처리하여 지지체로 사용하였으며, 활성금속으로서 Pt를 사용하였다. XRD 분석결과, 활성금속인 Pt가 고르게 잘 분산되었음이 관찰되었으며, 지지체는 gamma phase의 $Al_2O_3$로 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 활성실험을 통해 $600^{\circ}C$로 열처리된 $Pt/Al_2O_3$ 촉매가 가장 우수한 전환율 및 선택도를 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.3580-3596
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• 2021

An integral test facility, PILLAR, was commissioned, aiming to provide valuable experimental results which can be referenced by system and component designers and used for the performance demonstration of liquid-metal-cooled, passive small modular reactors (SMRs) toward their licensing. The setup was conceptualized by a scaling analysis which allows the vertical arrangements to be conserved from its prototypic reactor, scaled uniformly in the radial direction achieving a flow area reduction of 1/200. Its final design includes several heater rods which simulate the reactor core, and a single heat exchanger representing the steam generators in the prototype. The system behaviors were characterized by its data acquisition system implementing various instruments. In this paper, we present not only a detailed description of the facility components, but also selected experimental results of both steady-state and transient cases. The obtained steady-state test results were utilized for the benchmark of a system code, achieving a capability of accurate simulations with ±3% of maximum deviations. It was followed by qualitative comparisons on the transient test results which indicate that the integral system behaviors in passive LBE-cooled systems are able to be predicted by the code.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2021

Inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells have demonstrated considerable improvements, reaching 25.5% of certified power conversion efficiency in 2020 from 3.8% in 2009. In normal structured perovskite solar cells, TiO2 electron-transporting materials require heat treatment process at a high temperature over 450℃ to induce crystallinity. Inverted perovskite solar cells have also been studied to exclude the additional thermal process by using [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a non-oxide electron-transporting layer. However, the drawback of the PCBM layer is a charge accumulation at the interface between PCBM and a metal electrode. The impact of bathocuproin (BCP) buffer layer on photovoltaic performance has been investigated herein to solve the problem of PCBM. 2-mM BCP-modified perovskite solar cells were observed to exhibit a maximum efficiency of 12.03% compared with BCP-free counterparts (5.82%) due to the suppression of the charge accumulation at the PCBM-Au interface and the resulting reduction of the charge recombination between perovskite and the PCBM layer.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2005

The copper clad steel wire is used extensively as lead wires of electronic components such as capacitors, diodes and glass sealing lamp because the wire combines the strength and low thermal expansion characteristic of Fe-Ni steel with the conductivity and corrosion resistance of copper. In order to fabricate the copper clad steel wire, several processes including electro-plating, tubecladding extrusion process and dip forming process have been introduced and applied. The electroplating process for the production of copper clad steel wire shows poor productivity and induces environmental load generation such as electroplating solution. The dip forming process is suitable to mass production of copper clad steel such as trolley wire. and need expensive manufacturing facilities. The present paper describes the improvement of the conventional continuous casting process to fabricate copper clad steel wire, which its core metal is low thermal expansion Fe-Ni alloy and its sheath material is copper. In particular, the formation of intermetallic compound at interface between core and sheath was investigated in order to introduce optimum continuous casting process parameter for fabrication of copper clad steel wire with higher electrical conductivity. The mechanical strength of copper clad steel wire was also investigated through wiredrawing process with of 95% in total reduction ratio.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2003

n-형 탄화규소 반도체에 대한 구리금속을 이용하여 오옴성 접촉 구조를 제작하였다. 제작된 구리접촉에 대해 후속열처리 조건과 금속접촉 구조에 따른 재료적, 전기적 성질의 변화를 조사하였다. 금속접촉의 오옴성 성질은 금속박막의 구조 뿐 아니라 열처리조건에 대해서도 크게 좌우됨을 알 수 있었다. 열처리는 급속열처리 장치를 이용한 진공상태 및 환원 분위기에서 2단계 열처리방식을 통하여 시행하였다. 접촉비저항의 측정을 위해 TLM 구조를 만들었으며 면저항 ($R_{s}$), 접합저항 ($R_{c}$), 이동거리 ($L_{T}$), 패드간거리 (d), 전체저항 ($R_{T}$) 값을 구하여 알려진 계산식에 의해 접촉비저항 ($p_{c}$) 값을 추정하였다. 진공보다 환원분위기에서 후속 열처리를 수행한 시편이 양호한 전기적 성질을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 가장 양호한 결과는 Cu/Si/Cu 구조를 가진 금속접촉 결과이었으며 접촉비저항 ($p_{c}$)은 $1.2\times 10^{-6} \Omega \textrm{cm}^2$의 낮은 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 재료적 성질은 XRD를 이용하여 분석하였고 SiC 계면 상에 구리와 실리콘이 결합한 구리 실리사이드가 형성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2011

The weight reduction of the transportations has become an important technical subject Al and Al alloys, especially Al 5052 alloys have been being applied as door materials for automobile. One of the most widely known car weight-reduction methods is to use light and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys. However, because of high electrical and thermal conductivity and a low melting point, it is difficult to obtain good weld quality when working with the aluminum alloys. Also, Pulse MIG welding is the typical aluminum welding process, but it is difficult to apply to the thin plate, because of melt-through and humping-bead. In order to enhance weld quality, welding parameters should be considered in optimizing the welding process. In this experiment, Al 5052 sheets were used as specimens, and these materials were welded by adopting new Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) pulse process. The proper welding conditions such as welding current, welding speed, torch angle $50^{\circ}$ and gap 0~1mm are determined by tensile test and bead shape. Through this study, range of welding current are confirmed from 100A to 120A. And, the range of welding speed is confirmed from 1.2m/min to 1.5m/min.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.565-574
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• 1993

Ar/Ar-$H_{2}$ 플라즈마법으로 고순도 Nb금속을 환원 정련하였다. 또한, Ar-(20%)$H_{2}$플라즈마에서의 용융Nb금속과 수소간의 반응을 해석하였다. Ar플라즈마 환원에서는 $C/Nb_{2}O_{5}$=5.00의 비에서 99.5wt%의 금속 Nb을 얻었으며, 니오븀 산화물의 열분해에 의한 O/Sub 2/의 손실은 발생하지 않았다. Ar-(20%)$H_{2}$ 플라즈마에서는 $C/Nb_{2}O_{5}$=4.80의 비에서 99.8wt%의 금속 Nb을 제조하였다. 주된 탈산반응은 H, $H_{2}$와의 반응이었으며,$NbO_{x}$의 증발에 의한 탈산은 발생하지 않았으나, "splash"효과에 의해 Nb의 질량손실이 발생함을 관찰하였다. 탈산반응은 1차 반응속도론에 따랐으며, 탈산의 반응속도 상수(k')는 $7.8 \times 10_{-7}$(m/sec)였다. Ar-(20%)$H_{2}$ 플라즈마법에서 Nb금속 내의 수소 용해도는 60ppm으로 분자상태 수소의 용해도인 40ppm 보다 높았으며, 포화되는 시간은 60초 이내였다. 이를 다시 Ar 플라즈마로 처리함으로써 수소 함량을 10ppm 이하로 감소시킬 수 있었다.소시킬 수 있었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

이차전지 산업의 성장과 함께 이차전지의 생산량과 사용량의 급격한 증가가 예상되며, 이와 맞물려 생산 스크랩을 포함한 폐이차전지의 재활용에도 많은 관심과 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 그동안 폐이차전지 재활용은 양극재를 중심으로 많은 노력이 이루어졌지만, 핵심 광물의 공급망 확보와 재활용률 향상을 위해 음극재의 재활용에도 많은 관심이 기울이기 시작하였다. 음극재의 주성분인 흑연 분석을 위해 석탄의 함량을 측정하는 공업분석이 활용될 수 있지만, 기존의 석탄 분석에 활용되는 공업분석 방법은 블랙 매스의 구성 성분 간의 상호작용으로 인해 정확한 측정이 불가능하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산소 분위기에서 950℃까지의 온도 상승에 따른 블랙 매스 각 성분의 열중량 변화를 측정하였다. 측정 결과 양극재의 경우에는 양극재에 포함된 바인더와 도전재의 산화에 의한 약 5%의 질량 감소 이외에는 질량 변화가 측정되지 않았으며, 음극재의 경우에는 약 2%의 바인더에 의한 질량 감소 이외에는 모두 고정 탄소에 의한 질량 감소로 측정되었다. 또한 블랙 매스에 함유될 수 있는 금속 전극(Al, Cu)들은 온도가 상승함에 따라 산화되어 질량이 증가하는 현상이 관찰되었다. 다양한 혼합 비율의 양극재/음극재 혼합 시료의 열중량 변화 측정 결과는 양극재와 음극재 각각의 열중량 변화를 통해 계산할 수 있는 예측값과 유사한 결과를 보여, 블랙 매스의 열중량 특성 변화를 통해 음극재의 함량 도출이 가능할 수 있음을 확인하였다.