• Carbon letters
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2006

The treatment of piggery wastes was carried out at pilot scale using a multilayered metal-activated carbon system followed by carbon bed filtration. The physicochemical properties were obtained from treated samples with aqueous solutions containing metallic ions such as $Ag^+$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Mn^{2+}$, which main obsevations are subjected to inspect surface properties, color removal properties by Uv/Vis and EDX. Multilayered metal-activated carbons were contacted with waste water to investigation of the simultaneous catalytic effect for the COD, BOD, T-N and T-P removal. The removal results for the piggery waste using multilayered metal-activated carbon bed was achieved the satisfactory removal performance under permitted values of Ministry of Environment of Korea. The high efficiency of the multilayered metal-activated carbon bed was determined by the performance of this material for trapping, catalytic effect and adsorption of organic solid particles.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Heavy metal ingredients of eyeliner product could cause side effect ranging from simple irritation, keratitis, corneal epithelium inflammation, eyelid dermatitis and dry eye symptoms have been reported. This study was conducted in order to prepare fundamental data for acceptable quality level heavy metal ingredients in the domestic and foreign cosmetic brand eyeliner products and to assess theirs the heavy metal concentrations. We measured the concentration of 5 heavy metals in 10 eyeliner products using ICP/MS-LC. According to the results, the average metal concentrations were as follows.; In case of domestic eyeliner products, 289.4 ppm for aluminium(Al), 304 ppm for manganese(Mn), 44 ppm for nickel(Ni), 0.58 ppm for arsenic(As) and 0.35 ppm for lead(Pb). In case of Foreign eyeliner products, 11337.8 ppm for aluminium(Al), 1678.8 ppm for manganese(Mn), 74.2 ppm for nickel(Ni), 1 ppm for arsenic(As) and 0.8 ppm for lead(Pb). Foreign products contained higher amounts of the two elements(Pb, As) compared to domestic ones. Also, greater concentrations of arsenic(As) were detected from waterproof products than non-waterproof ones. In conclusion, for safety reasons we suggested the amounts of heavy metals from the domestic and foreign eyeliner products. This finding will be helpful to provide the fundamental data which is standard of toxicological heavy metals acceptable on eyeliner products.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2015

A heavy oil of low quality has been mainly used in the diesel engine of the merchant ship as the oil price has been significantly jumped for several years. Thus, a combustion chamber of the engine has been often exposed to severely corrosive environment more and more because temperature of the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber has been getting higher and higher with increasing of using the heavy oil of low quality. As a result, wear and corrosion of the engine parts such as exhaust valve, piston crown and cylinder head surrounded with combustion chamber are more serious compared to the other parts of the engine. Therefore, an optimum repair welding for these engine parts is very important to prolong their lifetime in a economical point of view. In this study, 1.25Cr-0.5Mo filler metal was welded with SMAW method in the forged steel which would be generally used with piston crown material. And the corrosion properties of weld metal, heat affected and base metal zones were investigated using electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram and impedance etc. in 35% $H_2SO_4$ solution. The weld metal and base metal zones exhibited the highest and lowest values of hardness respectively. And, the corrosion resistance of the heat affected and weld metal zones was also increased than that of the base metal zone. Furthermore, it appeared that the corrosive products with red color and local corrosion like as a pitting corrosion were more frequently observed on the surface of the base metal zone compared to the heat affected and weld metal zones. Consequently, it is suggested that the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of the piston crown can be predominantly improved by repair welding method using the 1.25Cr-0.5Mo electrode.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2008

톱밥은 가장 저렴하면서도 주변에서 가장 흔하게 얻을 수 있는 흡착제중의 하나이며, 이는 사용 후 재생할 필요없이 소각시켜 버리거나 연료물질로 활용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이러한 톱밥은 산업폐수중의 색도 혹은 금속 이온성분의 제거를 위한 흡착제로 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 톱밥의 흡착특성을 알아보기 위하여 염색폐수내의 색도, 유기물질, 부유물질, 탁도 및 금속 이온 성분을 대상으로 그 흡착처리 특성을 확인하여 보았다. 특히, Langmuir, Freundlich, BET 및 Sips 흡착등온식을 활용하여 Fe(III) 이온 물질의 흡착특성을 조사하였으며, 톱밥 입자크기 및 주입량에 따른 영향도 조사하였다. 연속식의 고정상 흡착 실험을 통하여 SS 50.0%, Fe(III) 25.0%, 탁도 79.4%, 색도 48.6% 그리고 COD 50.9%의 제거효율을 획득하였다. 또한, SEM 분석을 통하여 흡착전후의 톱밥표면을 관찰하였다. 결론적으로, 폐톱밥이 산업폐수의 처리를 위한 양호한 흡착제로 활용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.175-178
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 은-산화막-은 구조의 박막형 에탈론 기반의 투과형 컬러필터를 제안하고 구현하였다. 제안된 박막형 소자는 전자빔 리소그래피 방식에 비해 넓은 유효면적을 갖고 적외선 대역에서의 차단 특성이 우수하다. 또한 금속의 분산특성 및 두께 그리고 기판의 영향 등을 고려하기 위하여 FDTD 방법을 도입함으로써 제안된 소자를 설계 및 분석하였다. 설계된 청색, 녹색, 적색 필터 소자의 산화막 캐비티 두께는 각각 100, 130, 160 nm였으며, 은 박막의 두께는 25 nm였다. 얻어진 측정결과를 살펴보면, 중심파장은 각각 480, 555, 650 nm, 대역폭은 각각 약 120, 100, 120 nm였으며 투과율은 약 60%였다. 그리고 빔의 입사각에 대한 상대적인 투과율 변화율은 ~1%/degree 였다.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 산과 계곡에 폐기물로 방치되어 있는 석탄폐석의 재활용 및 자원화의 측면에서 수처리에 이용될 수 있는 흡착제의 개발을 위한 기초실험이 수행되었다. 석탄폐석으로는 굴진폐석과 선탄폐석이 이용되었으며, 석탄폐석 자체가 지니고 있는 흡착능 실험과 열처리로 인한 흡착능 개선 여부를 검토하였다. 처리 대상물질은 중금속, 색도, 그리고 COD등을 선정하였다. 실험조건은 회분식과 컬럼식으로 구분하여 각각 이루어졌으며, 실험결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1) 천연상태의 석탄폐석은 약 20~30%의 중금속 흡착능을 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 탄화 공정인 간단한 열처리만으로도 약 2~5배의 흡착능 향상이 이루어졌다. 2)석탄폐석의 열처리 조건 변화에 따른 중금속 흡착능을 비교한 결과, 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 반응시킨 것이 가장 우수하였다. 3)칼럼실험에 있어 기존의 입상활성탄 보다 처리효율이 저조하나 석탄폐석은 무가공 상태로도 약 20~60%의 COD 및 색도를 제거할 수 있었다. 4) $500^{\circ}C$, 에서 6시간 열처리된 폐석의 컬럼실험에서 생물학적 유출수의 색도 제거에 우수함을 알 수 있었으며, 중금속 및 COD제거에 있어서는 여과 속도에 따라 많은 차이를 보였다. 따라서 석탄폐석을 흡착제로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 본 연구 이외에 활성화 공정을 적용할 경우 흡착정도는 더 향상 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand the formative characteristics of futuristic virtual fashion revealed in virtual fashion platforms targeting the human body. First, the current status of fashion in the metaverse and futurist fashion were reviewed and summarized by referring to prior research. Next, among the items posted on DRESSX, "futurism" was searched and those resturning a positive result were collected as research subjects. The characteristics were organized into design elements: colors, shapes, materials, and patterns. Futuristic aesthetic characteristics were derived from the characteristics of each design element. As a result, color showed the characteristics of achromatic, vivid and neon colors, multi-color and gradation, multi-color due to reflected light, and color conversion. As for the form, a body-concious look or exaggerated silhouettes, spatial expressions in geometric structures, forms imitating living things, and fluid silhouettes using clouds were prominent. Materials showed the digitization of universal clothing materials, application of industrial materials, use of metal materials, and unrealistic materials. In the patterns, geometric abstract patterns, patterns that reveal the digital world view, and moving fluid patterns appeared. The aesthetic characteristics of futurism in virtual fashion were revealed in four categories: visual dynamics, high-tech sensibility, variability, kineticisim. Visual dynamics were revealed in geometric forms, and intense neon colors. High-tech sensibility was prominent in the use of metal and industrial materials, light emission, and patterns of the digital world view. The expression of multiple colors by reflected light and the change showed the variability of futurism. The use of unrealistic materials, such as clouds and fire and fluid silhouettes expressed kineticisim. The infinite expressiveness of virtual fashion made it possible to actively express the aesthetic characteristics of futurism.

• 센서학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2024

Gas-sensor technology for volatile organic compounds (VOC) biomarker detection offers significant advantages for noninvasive diagnostics, including rapid response time and low operational costs, exhibiting promising potential for disease diagnosis. Colorimetric gas sensors, which enable intuitive analysis of gas concentrations through changes in color, present additional benefits for the development of personal diagnostic kits. However, the traditional method of visually monitoring these sensors can limit quantitative analysis and consistency in detection threshold evaluation, potentially affecting diagnostic accuracy. To address this, we developed a machine vision platform based on metal-organic framework (MOF) for colorimetric gas sensor arrays, designed to accurately detect disease-related VOC biomarkers. This platform integrates a CMOS camera module, gas chamber, and colorimetric MOF sensor jig to quantitatively assess color changes. A specialized machine vision algorithm accurately identifies the color-change Region of Interest (ROI) from the captured images and monitors the color trends. Performance evaluation was conducted through experiments using a platform with four types of low-concentration standard gases. A limit-of-detection (LoD) at 100 ppb level was observed. This approach significantly enhances the potential for non-invasive and accurate disease diagnosis by detecting low-concentration VOC biomarkers and offers a novel diagnostic tool.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.305-308
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• 2006

Advanced mobile communication devices require a bright, high information content display in a small, light-weight, low power consumption package. For portable applications flexible (or conformable) and rugged displays will be the future. In this paper we outline our progress towards developing such a low power consumption active-matrix flexible OLED $(FOLED^{TM})$ display. We demonstrate full color 100 ppi QVGA active matrix OLED displays on flexible stainless steel substrates. Our work in this area is focused on integrating three critical enabling technologies. The first technology component is based on UDC's high efficiency long-lived phosphorescent OLED $(PHOLED^{TM})$ device technology, which has now been commercially demonstrated as meeting the low power consumption performance requirements for mobile display applications. Secondly, is the development of flexible active-matrix backplanes, and for this our team are employing PARC's Excimer Laser Annealed (ELA) poly-Si TFTs formed on metal foil substrates as this approach represents an attractive alternative to fabricating poly-Si TFTs on plastic for the realization of first generation flexible active matrix OLED displays. Unlike most plastics, metal foil substrates can withstand a large thermal load and do not require a moisture and oxygen permeation barrier. Thirdly, the key to reliable operation is to ensure that the organic materials are fully encapsulated in a package designed for repetitive flexing, and in this device we employ a multilayer thin film Barix encapsulation technology in collaboration with Vitex systems. Drive electronics and mechanical packaging are provided by L3 Displays.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2015

본 연구는 문화재에 적용 가능한 다양한 훈증방법 중에서 에틸렌 옥사이드(Ethylene oxide)를 포함하는 훈증 약제가 문화재 재질에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 지류, 섬유, 금속, 안료 등 4종류의 시험편을 제작하고 훈증처리 전 후의 색상, 무게, 표면 변화, 그리고 지류와 섬유 시험편에 대한 적외선 분광분석을 실시하였다. 훈증처리는 약제를 처리하지 않은 무처리군을 대조군으로 하고 에틸렌 옥사이드 + $HFC_{134a}$, 에틸렌 옥사이드 + $CO_2$ 등 2종류의 훈증제 처리군을 실험군으로 하였다. 색차 측정 결과, 소다회를 이용하여 증해한 한지, 은, 면, 견, 모시, 황색 안료 등에서 색상 변화가 확인되었으며 특히, 은 시험편에서 평균 6.0 이상의 높은 색차 변화가 측정되었다. 그러나 은 시험편의 경우 훈증제를 처리하지 않은 무처리 시험편의 색차가 약제를 처리한 것보다 오히려 높게 나타나 훈증제 처리가 시험편의 색상 변화에 결정적인 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 판단되나 훈증처리 시 주의가 요구된다. 무게 측정에서는 전체적으로 0~2% 정도의 변화가 나타났으며, 금속 시험편의 변화가 가장 적었고 지류 시험편의 변화가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 시험편의 표면을 현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 일부 시험편 표면에서 색상 변화가 관찰되었으며, 은 시험편에서 가장 큰 변화가 확인되었다. 그러나 지류와 섬유 시험편을 대상으로 한 적외선 분광분석 결과에서 성분상 변화는 확인되지 않았다.