• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 폐 영구자석 스크랩에 함유된 희토류원소(Rare Earth Element, R.E.)를 첨가하여 고강도 회주철의 제조 방법을 검토하였다. 폐 영구자석 스크랩에 함유되어있는 희토류원소가 회주철의 응고 시 복합유화물 및 A형 흑연 형성을 촉진하여 조직 및 기계적 특성 향상에 효과적으로 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 폐 영구자석 스크랩을 접종제로 활용하여 주조 시 인장강도는 306 MPa의 우수한 특성으로 나타났으며, 고가의 희토류원소를 사용하여 접종한 실험의 인장강도와 비슷한 수준의 특성이다. 연구결과를 토대로 고특성의 회주철 제조에 있어서 폐 영구자석 스크랩을 활용한 R.E. 첨가가 효과적인 접종방안임을 확인하였다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 1986

This study was undertaken to understand the formation mechanism of the hard spots in high strength brass. To investigate the behavior of the hard spots in the isothermal liquid state with varying silicon content, the rapidly quenched specimens were obtained by suctioning the melt into the silica tube and water quenching. To examine the growth process of the hard spots with holding time, the unidirectional solidification technique was used. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) With the addition of Fe in order to get the effects of grain refinement in high strength brass, the two different type of Fe-rich phases are occurred, which are defined as dendritic and globular phase. The chemical composition of the globular phase was different from that of the dendritic phase in that the globular phase contained Si. 2) With increasing Si content, the Fe-rich phase had a tendency to form globular phase. 3) As the holding time increased in the liquid state, globular was also prone to coalesce. The further growth of globular phase to large size was due to reducing the interfacial energy. 4) The primary phase of copper alloy was nucleated preferentially on the dendritic phase. It was noticeable that the dendritic phase acted as a grain refiner. However, the agglomerate (hard spots) which was composed of the globular phase decreased the mechanical properties of high strength brass. 5) Once the hard spots formed in the high strength brass casting, it was very difficult to remove them. This is due to the fact that their meting temperature is higher than the pouring temperature of high strength brass.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.369-381
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• 1993

Aluminum alloy(AC8A) matrix composites reinforced with SiC particles(10% in vol.) were fabricated by Centrifugal Spray Deposition(CSD) process. The microstructures were investigated in order to evaluate both the mixing mode between aluminum matrix and SiC particles, and the effect of SiC particles on the cooling behaviours of droplets during flight and preforms deposited. A non-continuum mathematical calculation was performed to explain and to quantify the evolution of microstructures in the droplets and preforms deposited. Conclusions obtained are as follows; 1. The powders produced by CSD process showed, in general, ligament type, and more than 60% of the powders produced were about 300 to 850 um in size. 2. AC8A droplets solidified during flight showed fine dendritic structure, but AC8A droplets mixed with SiC particles showed fine equiaxed grain structure, and eutectic silicon were formed to crystallize granularly between fine aluminum grains. 3. SiC particles seem to act as a nucleation sites for pro-eutectic silicon during solidification of AC8A alloy. 4. The microstructure of composite powders formed by CSD process showed particle embedded type, and resulted in dispersed type microstructure in preforms deposited. 5. The pro-eutectic silicon crystallized granularly between fine aluminum grains seem to prohibit grains from growth during spray deposition process. 6. The interfacial reactions between aluminum matrix and SiC particles were not observed from the deposit performs and the solidified droplets. 7. The continuum model seem to be useful in connecting the processing parameters with the resultant microstructures. From these results, it was concluded that the fabrication of aluminum matrix composites reinforced homogeneously with SiC particles was possible.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2006

In recent years, Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have become a center of special interest in the automobile industry. Due to their high specific mechanical properties, they offer a significant weight saving potential in modern vehicle constructions. Most Mg alloys show very good machinability and processability, and even the most complicated die-casting parts can be easily produced. The die casting process is a fast production method capable of a high degree of automation for which certain Mg alloys are ideally suited. In this study, step-dies and flowability tests for AM50 were performed by die-casting process according to various combination of casting pressure and plunger velocity. We were discussed to velocity effect of forming conditions followed by results of microstructure, FESEM-EDX, hardness and tensile strength. Experimental results represented that the conditions of complete filling measured die-casting pressure 400 bar, 1st plunger velocity 1.0 m/s and 2nd plunger velocity 6.0 m/s. The increasing of 2nd plunger velocity 4.0 to 7.0 m/s decreased average grain size of $\alpha$ phase and pore. It was due to rapid filling of molten metal, increasing of cooling rate and pressure followed by increased 2nd plunger velocity. The pressure should maintain until complete solidification to make castings of good quality, however, the cracks were appeared at pressure 800bar over.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.134-143
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• 1997

The formation of thick alloyed layer with high Si content have been investigated on the surface of Al alloy (A5083) plate by PTA process with Si powder. Hardening characteristics and wear resistance of alloyed layer was examined in relation to the microstructure of alloyed layer. Thick hardened layer in mm-order thickness on the surface of A5083 plate can be formed by PTA process with wide range of process condition by using Si powder as alloying element because of eutectic reaction of Al-Si binary alloy. High temperature and rapid solidification rate of molten pool, which are features of PTA process, enable the formation of high Si content alloyed layer with uniform distribution of fine primary Si paticle. High plasma arc current was beneficial to make the alloyed layer with smooth surface appearance in wide range of powder feeding rate, because enough volume of molten pool was necessary make alloyed layer. Uniform dispersion of fine primary Si particle with about 30${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in particle size can be obtained in layer with Si content ranging from 30 to 50 mass %. Hardness of alloyed layer increased with increasing Si content, but increasing rate of hardness differed with macrostructure of alloyed layer. Wear resistance of alloyed layer depended on $V_{si}$(volume fraction of primary Si) and was remarkably improved to two times of base metal at 20-30% $V_{si}$ without cracking, but no more improvement was obtained at larger $V_{si}$.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

For Al 6k21-T4 alloy, linear laser welding produced the lower shear-tensile strength than the base metal. This study improved the shear-tensile strength by using the weaving laser at the optimized welding condition, i.e., 2mm weaving width and 25Hz frequency. The large weaving width increased the weld width, therefore improving the joint strength. For the specimen of low strength, the porosity was distributed continuously along the intersection between the plates and fusion line. However, for the optimized welding condition, large oval-shaped porosities were located only in the advancing track of the concave part. Regardless of the welding condition, solidification cracking was initiated at the intersection and propagated through small porosities in the weld part. furthermore, the concave part had more significant porosity in the weld and HAZ, respectively than the convex part. The continuity of porosities played a key role to determine the strength. And, the weaving width was an important parameter to control the strength.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2002

A good fluidity of high strength Al-alloys is required to cast thin wall castings needed to reduce the weight of cast parts. The fluidity, measured as the length to which the metal flows in a standard channel, is affected by many factors, such as the pouring temperature, solidification type of the alloy, the channel thickness, melt head, mold materials and temperature, coating etc. Therefore the experimentally measured fluidity scatters very much and makes it difficult to estimate the fluidity of a melt with a few measurements. The effect of Ti content and grain refinement on the fluidity of high strength aluminum alloy was investigated with a test casting with 8 thin flow channels to reduce the scattering of the fluidity results. The fluidity of Al-4.8%Cu-0.6%Mn Al-6.2%Zn-1.6%Mg-1.0%Cu and well-known commercial aluminum alloy, A356 was tested. Initial content of Ti was varied from 0 to 0.2wt% and Al-5Ti-B master alloy was added for grain refinement. The flow length varied linearly with superheat. By adding Ti and Al-5Ti-B, the fluidity increased. The grain size decreased by adding grain refiner at the same time. The fluidity depended on the degree of grain refinement. The fluidity of the alloy solidifying in mushy type is improved by grain refinement, because grain refinement increases the solid fraction at the time of flow stoppage.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.396-402
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• 2000

Porous structures of aluminum foam have been studied. The apparent foam shape, foam hight, density, pore size, shape, and their distributions in various section areas of the experimental samples have been investigated. The sample have been cast into metallic mold, using aluminum foam prepared from a precursor based on pure Al ingot mixed with various amount of 1-2wt% increasing viscosity and foam agent materials. The process provides for flexibility in design of foam structures via relatively easy control over the amount of hydrogen evolution and the drainage processes which occur during foam formation. This is facilitated by manupulating parameters such as the foaming agent, thermal histories during solidification and mix melt viscosities. The acoustical performance of the panel made with the foamed aluminum is considerably improved; its absorption coefficient shows NRC 0.6-0.8. It has been found that the Al foam is very preferable for the compactness of the thermal system.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1056-1063
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• 2010

We present a new joining method for Pd-Cu membrane foils used as permeation tubes to collect $CO_2$. Since foils have poor mechanical strength, joining should be done at low temperatures to reduce residual stresses and without joining pressure. This contradicts the well known conditions for good contact between base materials that determines joint qualities. We selected Sn-Ag-Cu alloys that are highly reactive with Pd and Cu as a filler metal. As the filler melts at joining temperatures as low as $220{\sim}280^{\circ}C$, Pd and Cu are dissolved into the melt and react with the filler elements, which raises the melting temperature of the filler based on eutectic structures among the elements. Then, isothermal solidification progresses for the rest of the joining time. Intermetallic compounds (IMC) in the joints, one of the main factors for brittle joints, are inevitably formed. However, by optimizing both joining time and temperature, we balanced the wettability with IMC. Sealing test results confirmed that the joints are mechanically reliable during operation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4072-4083
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• 2022

Ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) is carried out on the Ni-based alloy stainless steel pipe gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) girth weld, the differences of microstructure, microhardness and shear strength distribution of the joint before and after ultrasonic shock are studied by microhardness test and shear punch test. The results show that after UIT, the plastic deformation layer is formed on the outside surface of the Ni-based alloy overlayer, single-phase austenite and γ type precipitates are formed in the overlayer, and a large number of columnar crystals are formed on the bottom side of the overlayer. The average microhardness of the overlayer increased from 221 H V to 254 H V by 14.9%, the shear strength increased from 696 MPa to 882 MPa with an increase of 26.7% and the transverse average residual stress decreased from 102.71 MPa (tensile stress) to -18.33 MPa (compressive stress), the longitudinal average residual stress decreased from 114.87 MPa (tensile stress) to -84.64 MPa (compressive stress). The fracture surface has been appeared obvious shear lip marks and a few dimples. The element migrates at the fusion boundary between the Ni-based alloy overlayer and the austenitic stainless steel joint, which is leaded to form a local martensite zone and appear hot cracks. The welded joint is cooled by FA solidification mode, which is forming a large number of late and skeleton ferrite phase with an average microhardness of 190 H V and no obvious change in shear strength. The base metal is all austenitic phase with an average microhardness of 206 H V and shear strength of 696 MPa.