• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.345-387
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• 2023

Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea's past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.161-179
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• 2001

성주(星州)댐(1994년(年) 담수(潭水) 시작(始作))이 건설(建設)되고, 가야산국민(伽倻山國民)호탤 등(等), 백운동(白雲洞) 집단시설지구(集團施設地區)가 들어선 이후(以後), 대가천(大駕川)에서 채집(採集)되는 담수어(淡水魚)에 있어서 흡충류피낭유충(吸蟲類被囊幼蟲) 기생상(寄生狀)의 변화(變化)를 알아보기 위해 1998년(年) 10월(月)부터 2000년 9월(月)까지 대가천(大駕川)의 상(上), 중(中), 하류(下流)5개처(個處)에서 투망(投網), 낚시, 사발모지 등(等)으로 담수어(淡水魚)를 채집(採集)하였다. 채집(採集)된 어류(魚類)는어종별(魚種別)로 분류(分類)한다음, 어체부위별(魚體部位別)로 흡충류피낭유충(吸蟲類被囊幼蟲)의 기생율(寄生率)을 조사(調査)함과 동시(同時)에 신선(新鮮)한 어육(魚肉)1g 당피낭유충수(當被囊幼蟲數)를 계산(計算)하여 감염도(感染度)를 추정(推定)하였다. 한편, 얻은 결과(結果)를 Lee(1993)의 조사성적(調査成績)과 비교(比較)하였다. 6과(科) 19종(種)의 어류(魚類)에서 8정(種)의 흡충류피낭유충(吸蟲類被囊幼蟲), 즉 간흡충(肝吸蟲), Centrocestus armatus, Cyathocotyle orientalis, Exorchis oviformis, Metagonimus sp ecies, Metacercaria hasegawai, Metorchis orientalis, Clinostomum complanatum, 및 소속미정(所屬未定) 흡충류(吸蟲類) 피낭유충(被囊幼蟲)A와 C를 검출(檢出)할 수 있었다. 대체(人體)에 기생(寄生)하는 간흡충(肝吸蟲)의 피낭유충(被囊幼蟲)은 7종(種)의 어류(魚類)에서 검출(檢出)할 수 있었고, 그 기생율(寄生率)은 1993년(年) Lee의 조사성적(調査成績)에 비(比)해 낮았으며, 기생도(寄生度)는 적었다. Metagonimus species 피낭유충(被囊幼蟲)은 1993년에서는 11종(種)의 어류(魚類)에서 검출(檢出)할 수 있었으며 그 율(率)은 최소(最小)1.2%, 최대(最大)33.3%의 감염율(感染率)을 나타내었는데 비(比)하여, 이번 조사(調査)에서는 6종(種)의 어류(魚類)에서 검출(檢出)할 수 있었으며, 그 율은 4.3- 20.0%이였다. 기생도(寄生度)는 1993年의 조사성적(調査成績)에 비(比)해 낮았다. Exorchis oviformis 유충(幼蟲)은 5종(種)의 어류(魚類)에서 검출(檢出)할 수 있었으며, Cyathocotyle orientalis는 7종(種), Metacercaria hasegawai는 9종(種), Centrocestus armatus는 3종(種), Clinostomum complonatum은 2종(種)의 어류(魚類)에서 검출(檢出)할 수 있었으며, 그 기생율(寄生率)과 기생도(寄生度)는 어종별(魚種別)로 큰 차이(差異)를 나타내었다. 비늘, 지느러미와 꼬리에 있어서 흡충류(吸蟲類) 피낭유충(被囊幼蟲)의 기생율(寄生率)은 너무 변동(變動)이 심(甚)하여 1993년(年)의 그 율(率)과 비교(比較)할 수 없었으나, 대체(大體)로 낮았다. 이상(以上)의 성적(成績)으로 보아 성주(星州)댐 건설(建設)과 가야산국민(伽倻山國民)호탤 등(等), 백운동(白雲洞) 집단시설지구(集團施設地區)가 들어선 이후(以後), 대가천(大駕川)에 서식(棲息)하고 있는 담수어(淡水魚)에 있어서 간흡충(肝吸蟲)을 위시(爲始)한 각종(各種) 흡충류(吸蟲類) 피낭유충(被囊幼蟲) 기생율(寄生率)과 기생도(寄生度)는 댐 담수(潭水)를 시작(始作)하기 전(前)(1994년)보다 낮음을 알았다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2015

The present study was performed to survey the infection status of zoonotic intestinal trematode (ZIT) in stray cats from 5 major riverside areas in the Republic of Korea. Total 400 stray cats were captured with live-traps in riverside areas of Seomjingang ('gang' means river) (203 cats) from June to October 2010, and of Yeongsangang (41), Nakdonggang (57), Geumgang (38), and Hangang (61 cats) from June to October 2011, respectively. Small intestines resected from cats were opened with a pair of scissors in a beaker with 0.85% saline and examined with naked eyes and under a stereomicroscope. More than 16 ZIT species were detected in 188 (92.6%) cats from Seomjingang areas, and the number of worms recovered was 111 per cat infected. In cats from riverside areas of Yeongsangang, Nakdonggang, Geumgang, and Hangang, more than 9, 8, 3, and 5 ZIT species were recovered, and the worm burdens were 13, 42, 11, and 56 specimens per infected cat, respectively. As the members of family Heterophyidae, more than 10 species, i.e., Metagonimus spp., Pygidiopsis summa, Heterophyes nocens, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Heterophyopsis continua, Acanthotrema felis, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, Cryptocotyle concava, and Stictodora lari, were recovered. More than 5 species of echinostomes, i.e., Echinostoma hortense, Echinochasmus japonicus, Echinochasmus sp., Echinoparyphium sp., and unidentified larval echinostomes, were collected. Plagiorchis spp. were detected in cats from areas of Seomjingang and Yeongsangang. From the above results, it has been confirmed that stray cats in 5 major riverside areas of Korea are highly infected with various species of ZITs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.213-215
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• 1986

Total of 2,643 Korean soldiers were examined of their stool for parasitic infections by both cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether concentration techniques from August, 1983 to December, 1985. Out of them, 73.6% were free from any parasite, 22.6% were ova positive and 4.0% cyst positive. The ova positive rates by species were Ascaris lumbricoides 2.0%, Trichuris trichiura 13.0%, hookworm and Trichostrongylus orientalis 0.08% respectively, Clonorchis sinensis 7.6%, Metagonimus yokogawai 1.1%, Paragonimus westermani 0.08%, Echinostoma hortense 0.04%, Fibricola seoulensis 0.9%, Taenia sp. 0.3%, Hymenolepis nana 0.2% and H. diminuta 0.04%. Most of them (87.3%) were positive by a species, 11.9% by two and 0.8% by 3 species. The cyst positive rates were Entamoeba histolytica 0.6%, E. coli 1.4%, Endolimax nana 1.7%, Iodoamoeba butschlii 0.04% and Giardia lamblia 0.9%. Among the cyst positives, 89.5% were positive by a species, 7.6% by two and 0.5% by 3 species. The intestinal parasite infections among the Korean soldiers decreased distinctly compared with previous data.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.267-270
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• 1994

충청북도 중원군 달천강 유역 주민의 기생충 감염상을 알아보기 위하여 1993년 8월부터 9월까지 이류면 수주리 마을주민 67명을 대상으로 대변검사를 실시하고. 감염원 조사를 위하여 마을앞 달천강 상류지역의 담수어를 투망으로 채질하여 조사하였다. 조사결과 간흡충 양성자가 67명중 22명 (32.8%)이었고 메타고니무스 양성자가 14명(20.9%)이었다 조사한 담수어 17종중 간흡충은 14종이, 메타고니무스는 13종이 감염되어 있었다. 간흡충의 경우 큰납지리, 모래무지. 꼬치동자개. 눈동자개 등이 높은 감염률을 보였고, 메타고니무스의 경우는 참마자, 큰납지리. 모래무지 피라미 등이 높은 감염률을 보였다. 메타고니무스 양성자로부터 회수한 성충은 Miyata형이었고 피라미에서 얻은 피낭유충을 마우스에 실험감염시켜 회수한 성충도 역시 Miyata형이었다. 위의 결과로 달천강 유역에 담수어를 매개로 한 간흡충과 메타고니무스(Miyata형) 감염이 고율로 유행함을 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1987

An epidemiological survey on Metagonimus yokogawai infection was performed in the eastern coast area of Kangwon province. Formalin-ether concentration technique and Stoll's dilution egg counting method were employed to figure out the prevalence and intensity of M. yokogawai infection and eating habits of inhabitants with raw freshwater fish. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The prevalence rate of M. yokogawai infection was 6.6% among a total of 2, 357 examinees; 8.6% (115 out of 1, 345) in male and 4.0% (40 out of 1, 012) in female. 2. The prevalence rates were different by the streams where the examinees were residing: 17.8% along the area of Ohsip-cheon (stream), 11.8% along Maeup-cheon, 1.7% along Hwasang-cheon, 1.3% along Yeongok-cheon, 0.9% along Namdae-cheon, 0.9% along Sa-cheon and 0% in the other streams (Yongchon-cheon, Kangnung Namdae-cheon and Jusoo.cheon) in decreasing order. 3. By social strata, the positive rate was 8.0% (122 out of 1, 521) in general inhabitants and 3.9% (33 out of 836) in school children. 4. By the intensity of infection by means of EPG counts in feces; the light infection (less than 400/EPG) was 74.1%, moderate infection (401-1, 000/EPG) 17.3% and heavy infection (more than 1, 001/EPG) 8.6%. 5. Twelves out of 50 sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) (24%) caught from the streams in eastern coast of Kangwon-Do were infected with metacercariae of M. yokogawai, and the number of larvae detected were 70.7 per 6sh in average. The metacercarial infection rates in fish were also different by the streams; 100% in Ohsip-cheon of Samcheok-Gun, 14.3% in Sa-cheon, 16.7% in Yeongokcheon of Myeongju-Gun and 0% in Namdae-cheon of Yangyang-Gun, respectively. 6. Six hundred ninety live (695) out of 1, 396 inhabitants and school children (49.8%) were experienced in eating raw freshwater fishes (Plecoglossus altivezis, Triboledon hakonensis, Coreoperca sp., Morose sp., Carassius sp. & Cyprinus sp. and Zacco platypus). The data were assayed with the questionnaire collected from the examinees. In summarizing the above results, it is known that the Ohsip-cheon area of Samcheok-Gun is highly infected region, and the other areas of Kangnung Namdae-cheon, Yeongok-cheon and Yangyang Namdae-cheon are very lowly infected or non-infected regions for M yokogawai infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.509-513
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• 2018

Present study was performed to survey infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae in 2 alien fish species, Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) and Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), in 2 rivers draining Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea. A total of 107 largemouth bass and 244 bluegills were caught in Daecheong-ho (ho=lake) and Musim-cheon (a branch of Geum-gang), in Chungcheongbuk-do April-July 2015. Additionally, 68 native fish of 5 species, i.e., Zacco platypus, Hemibarbus longirostris, Carassius auratus, Pseudogobio esocinus and Puntungia herzi, were caught from the same water bodies. All of the fish collected were examined by artificial digestion method. The metacercariae of Centrocestus armatus, Clinostomum complanatum, Metagonimus sp. and Diplostomum spp. were detected from 4 out of 5 native fish species in Daecheong-ho. However, any metacercariae were not found from 87 M. salmoides and 177 L. macrochirus in Daecheong-ho. In Musim-cheon, metacercariae of Exorchis oviformis and Metacercaria hasegawai were detected from 78% Z. platypus and 34% L. macrochirus, but any metacercariae not found in M. salmoides. We report here that the 2 alien fish species were less infected with the metacercariae than the native ones. Surveys on the metacercariae in the alien fish species in geographically various rivers should be undertaken for better understanding on the role of alien fish species in the trematode infections in Republic of Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

To know the prevalence of heterophyid trematodes among inhabitants of a southern coastal village, i.e., Sacho-ri, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do(Province), 82 stool samples were examined on helminth eggs and protozoan cysts using Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Total 33 people(40.2%) were positive for trematodes(Heterophyes nocens; 15 people, Pygidiopsis summa; 3, Metagonimus sp.; 4, Clonorchis sinensis; 7, Gymnophalloides seoi; 6) and/or protozoa(Entamoeba coli; 3). Among intestinal trematode egg positive cases, 17 were treated with praziquantel and their whole diarrheic stools were collected after purgation. Adult flukes of H. nocens(number of specimens=1,294), P. summa(386), Stellantchasmus falcatus(5), Stictodora lari(4), and Heterophyopsis continua(1) were collected using a stereomicroscope. To know the source of human H. nocens infections in this village, metacercarial infections in mullets(10) were examined and most H. nocens metacercariae(101/105, 96.2%) were found in the trunk portion. From above results, the surveyed coastal village has been newly known as an endemic focus of human H. nocens infection and consuming raw mullets was the presumable source of human heterophyid infections.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 1990

A survey was undertaken to evaluate the present status of intestinal infection in army soldiers. Stool specimen of 417 soldiers fixed by SAF solution were collected from a camp located in area of Nakdong river during the period from August to October of 1990. And these stool samples were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique once for helminths and protozoan cysts stained with Lugol's iodine solution. The results obtained in this survey were summarized as follows : l) The overall positive rate of intestinal parasite was 18.0%. 2) The egg positive rate of intestinal helminth was 15.1%, : and 11.5% for Clonorchis sinensis. 5.0% for Metagonimus vokogawai, 1.2% for Ascaris lumbricoides 1.7% for Trichiuris trichiura. 0.2% for Taenia sp. 3) The cyst positive rate of intestinal protozoa was 4.1% ; and 1.4% for Entamoeba coli, 1.9% for Giardia lamblia 0.7% for Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% for Endolimax nana. 4) Most of samples were positive(85.3%) by single species. 10.7% by two species, 2.7% by three species and 1.3% by four species. 5) Infection rate of intestinal parasites among army soldiers decreased distinctly compared with previous data but it is revealed that the infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis among army soldiers in area of Nakdong river is still high in comparison with ever-reported data. 6) SAF fixatives used in this field survey during summertime was useful to conserve protozoan cyst and helminths ova. Also we could examine stool samples directly by formalin-ether sedimentation technique.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1994

주민들의 장내 기생충 감염상황 조사와 구충을 목적으로 1994년 3월 경상남도 거창군 고제면 주민 116명의 대변을 수거하여 포르말린-에테르 집란법으로 1번 검사하였다 장흡충 충란 양성자들에게 프라지콴텔을 투여하여 충체를 회수하였다. 주민들의 충란 양성율은 11.2%(13례)이었으며 간흡충 3.4%(4례), 메타고니무스 5.2%(6례), 호르텐스극구흡충 9.5%(11례)이었다. 7명의 호르텐스극구흡충 양성자를 치료하여 평균 65(6-227)마리의 호르텐스극구흡충을 수집하였다 그중 1례에서 이전고환극구흡충 3마리를 수집하였고, 다른 1례에서 수세미이형흡충 한마리를 수집하였다. 상복부 팽만감, 무른변 설사, 변비가 감염자의 주된 위장관 증상이었다. 경남 거창군 고제면을 호르텐스극구흡충 유행지의 하나로 추가한다. 이 조사의 이전고환극구흡충증은 국내 제6례, 수세미이형흡충증은 국내 제 5례이다.