• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

The study was performed to investigate the effects of whey protein-rich meal substitute added with vitamins, minerals, and lactobacillus powder probiotics on weight loss, body fat, and body composition in 24 female volunteers for 4 weeks. Whey protein-rich meal substitute was consumed with low-fat, high calcium milk (1% fat, 260 mg/200 mL) twice a day. Subjects submitted 3-day diet records and a life-style questionnaire before the study. During the study, subjects were required to turn in a diet record every day and consume the meal substitute formula in the metabolic ward at C university for 4 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were carried out weekly by Inbody 7.0. The dietary intake and anthropometric data were analyzed to compare changes before and after the study by paired t-test with SPSS version 23.0. The subjects were mostly early 20's and either overweight or obese and highly motivated to lose weight. Most of the subjects consumed three meals per day regularly and spent mostly 10~15 minutes for a meal. Their caloric intake was relatively low and decreased from 1,360 kcal at week 0 to 1,100 kcal after 4 weeks. However, total protein intake increased while carbohydrate and fat intakes decreased (p<0.05) after the trial. Nine vitamin intakes after the study improved compared to those before the study (p<0.05). After the study, subjects showed lower body weight (-1.8 kg), body fat (-0.94 kg), percent body fat (-0.86%), as well as waist circumference (-4.52 cm), hip circumference (-0.44 cm), waist hip ratio (-0.05), and triceps skinfold thickness (-2.39 mm) compared to those at week 0 (p<0.05). Muscle mass tended to be less compared to week 0, although there was no significant differences between weeks 0 and 4. In conclusion, diet trial with whey protein-rich meal substitute induced weight loss and positively changed body fat parameters and body composition.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

쇼크(shock)란 조직에 필요한 산소 요구량과 공급 간의 불균형에 의해 유발되는 임상증후군을 말한다. 환자의 치료효과와 생존율 향상을 위해서 쇼크의 조기 진단은 매우 중요하다. 그러나 현재 쇼크 진단에 사용되는 맥박, 혈압 등 생체 징후의 경우 출혈 정도를 제대로 반영하지 못하여 환자에 대한 처치가 늦어질 수 있다. 따라서 쇼크의 조기 진단을 위한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔으며, 조직의 저산소증, 대사성 산증을 반영해주는 지표인 젖산 농도와 관류 측정의 유용성이 입증된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 흰쥐를 대상으로 정량적 출혈을 유도한 후, 젖산 농도 측정과 laser Doppler flowmeter를 통해 관류를 측정하였으며, 지혈 후 젖산 농도/관류의 비(ratio)를 생존 예측을 위한 새로운 지표로써 제안하였다. 새로 제안된 지표를 통한 생존예측을 ROC 커브 방법에 적용한 결과, 민감도 90.0%, 특이도 96.7%, 정확도 94.0%를 보였으며, 생존군과 사망군 간 새로운 지표의 유의한 차이도 가장 조기에 보여주었다. 향후 임상 적용 연구를 통해 새롭게 제안한 지표의 임상 적용이 가능하다면, 쇼크 환자를 조기 진단하고 치료효과를 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1206-1212
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• 2000

가미육미지황탕이 BB rat에서 유발되는 당뇨병을 개선시킬 수 있는가를 알아보았다. BB rat은 태아시기부터 생후 120일까지 가미육미지황탕을 공급받았으며 생후 21일된 BB rat 60마리(수놈 30마리, 암놈 30마리)를 무처치군인 BBDP군과 가미육미지황탕을 투여한 군인 BBDP-GY군으로 임의로 배치하여 생후 120일까지 사육하였다. BBDP-GY군의 쥐들에게는 가미육미지황탕을 16mL/㎏ B.W./day 분량으로 물에 섞어 주었다. 가미육미지황탕의 항당뇨 효과는 다뇨, 다음, 고혈당 및 체중감소와 같은 임상적인 요소들에 의하여 조사되었다. 그 결과 가미육미지황탕은 당뇨병의 발병시기를 지연시켰을 뿐만 아니라 당뇨병의 발병율도 현저하게 감소시켰다. 그러나 일단 발병이 되고 나서는 당뇨병의 진전을 지연시키거나 치유하는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 당뇨의 발병과 동시에 체중의 현저한 감소 및 물 소모량, 배뇨량 그리고 혈당에 있어 현저한 증가가 나타났고 당뇨의 발병이 있기 전에는 체중에 있어서 발병 2-4일전에 체중의 증가가 거의 없거나 또는 약간 있을 뿐 다른 항목들에서는 발병을 알리는 어떤 변화도 나타나지 않았다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2021

Objective: Feed additives that modify rumen fermentation can be used to prevent metabolic disturbances such as acidosis and optimize beef cattle production. The study evaluated the effects of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows that were adapted or unadapted to a high concentrate diet. Methods: A double 3×3 Latin square design was used with three PAP treatments (control, powdered, and liquid PAP) and two adaptation protocols (adapted, unadapted; applied to the square). Adapted animals were transitioned for 2 weeks from an all-forage to an 80% concentrate diet, while unadapted animals were switched abruptly. Results: Interactions between sampling time and adaptation were observed; 12 h after feeding, the adapted group had lower ruminal pH and greater total short chain fatty acid concentrations than the unadapted group, while the opposite was observed after 24 h. Acetate:propionate ratio, molar proportion of butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentration were generally greater in adapted than unadapted cattle up to 36 h after feeding. Adaptation promoted 3.5 times the number of Entodinium protozoa but copy numbers of Streptococcus bovis and Fibrobacter succinogens genes in rumen fluid were not affected. However, neither liquid nor powdered forms of PAP altered rumen acidosis variables in adapted or unadapted animals. Conclusion: Adaptation of cattle to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets promoted a more stable ruminal environment, but PAP was not effective in this study in which no animal experienced acute or sub-acute rumen acidosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.282-291
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• 2023

Despite the recent progress in public health measures, malaria remains a troublesome disease that needs to be eradicated. It is essential to develop new antimalarial medications that are reliable and secure. This report evaluated the pharmacokinetics and antimalarial activity of 1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadecane (N-89) using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in vivo. After a single oral dose (75 mg /kg) of N-89, its pharmacokinetic parameters were measured, and t_1/2 was 0.97 h, T_max was 0.75 h, and bioavailability was 7.01%. A plasma concentration of 8.1 ng/ml of N-89 was maintained for 8 h but could not be detected at 10 h. The dose inhibiting 50% of parasite growth (ED₅₀) and ED₉₀ values of oral N-89 obtained following a 4-day suppressive test were 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the plasma concentration of N-89, we evaluated the antimalarial activity and cure effects of oral N-89 at a dose of 75 mg/kg 3 times daily for 3 consecutive days in mice harboring more than 0.5% parasitemia. In all the N-89-treated groups, the parasites were eliminated on day 5 post-treatment, and all mice recovered without a parasite recurrence for 30 days. Additionally, administering oral N-89 at a low dose of 50 mg/kg was sufficient to cure mice from day 6 without parasite recurrence. This work was the first to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and antimalarial activity of N-89 as an oral drug. In the future, the following steps should be focused on developing N-89 for malaria treatments; its administration schedule and metabolic pathways should be investigated.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.896-907
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• 2024

Objective: The potential of aqueous extract of Christ's thorn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi) leaves (SLAE) to reduce the negative impacts of heat stress on production performance and physiological traits was investigated in dual-purpose layers under subtropical farming. Methods: A total of 200, 25-week-old laying hens (Inshas strain) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments including SLAE at 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mL/kg, respectively. The average temperature-humidity index value was 26.69 during the experimental period. The SLAE contained saponin (0.045%), total flavonoid content of 17.9 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 g and overall antioxidant capacity concentration of 17.9 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g. Results: The maximum final body weight (BW), BW gain, egg weight, number, and mass occurred at the level of SLAE7.5 inclusion. The egg quality was significantly higher in SLAE groups than in control, and overall, SLAE7.5 had the most favorable influence at 28 and 32 weeks. Liver and kidney function, as well as lipids profile, improved significantly by SLAE inclusion; the lowest concentrations of these parameters were in SLAE7.5 hens. Treatment with SLAE7.5 increased total antioxidant capacity and endogenous antioxidant enzymes compared to control, whereas no effect on superoxide dismutase was noticed. Conclusion: The addition of SLAE at 7.5 mL/kg diet improved egg laying performance and quality, metabolic profiles, and antioxidant status during hyperthermia conditions.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the potential value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in predicting the survival of patients with primary tracheal malignant tumors. Materials and Methods: An analysis of FDG PET/CT findings in 37 primary tracheal malignant tumor patients with a median follow-up period of 43.2 months (range, 10.8-143.2 months) was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the associations between quantitative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT parameters, other clinic-pathological factors, and overall survival (OS). A risk prognosis model was established according to the independent prognostic factors identified on multivariate analysis. A survival curve determined by the Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess whether the prognosis prediction model could effectively stratify patients with different risks factors. Results: The median survival time of the 37 patients with tracheal tumors was 38.0 months, with a 95% confidence interval of 10.8 to 65.2 months. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year survival rate were 54.1%, 43.2%, and 16.2%, respectively. The metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum standardized uptake value, age, pathological type, extension categories, and lymph node stage were included in multivariate analyses. Multivariate analysis showed MTV (p = 0.011), TLG (p = 0.020), pathological type (p = 0.037), and extension categories (p = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Additionally, assessment of the survival curve using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that our prognosis prediction model can effectively stratify patients with different risks factors (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can predict the survival of patients with primary tracheal malignant tumors. Patients with an MTV > 5.19, a TLG > 16.94 on PET/CT scans, squamous cell carcinoma, and non-E1 were more likely to have a reduced OS.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2024

Background: Lung inflammation occurs in many lung diseases, but has limited effective therapeutics. Ginseng and its derivatives have anti-inflammatory effects, but their unstable physicochemical and metabolic properties hinder their application in the treatment. Panaxadiol (PD) is a stable saponin among ginsenosides. Inhalation administration may solve these issues, and the specific mechanism of action needs to be studied. Methods: A mouse model of lung inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an in vitro macrophage inflammation model, and a coculture model of epithelial cells and macrophages were used to study the effects and mechanisms of inhalation delivery of PD. Pathology and molecular assessments were used to evaluate efficacy. Transcriptome sequencing was used to screen the mechanism and target. Finally, the efficacy and mechanism were verified in a human BALF cell model. Results: Inhaled PD reduced LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice in a dose-dependent manner, including inflammatory cell infiltration, lung tissue pathology, and inflammatory factor expression. Meanwhile, the dose of inhalation was much lower than that of intragastric administration under the same therapeutic effect, which may be related to its higher bioavailability and superior pharmacokinetic parameters. Using transcriptome analysis and verification by a coculture model of macrophage and epithelial cells, we found that PD may act by inhibiting TNFA/TNFAR and IL7/IL7R signaling to reduce macrophage inflammatory factor-induced epithelial apoptosis and promote proliferation. Conclusion: PD inhalation alleviates lung inflammation and pathology by inhibiting TNFA/TNFAR and IL7/IL7R signaling between macrophages and epithelial cells. PD may be a novel drug for the clinical treatment of lung inflammation.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.381-393
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• 2024

목적 간성뇌증(hepatic encephalopathy; 이하 HE)의 대사이상은 뇌부종 또는 탈수초성 질환을 일으켜 자기공명영상에서 대칭적인 지역 뇌부종을 유발한다. 본 연구에서 HE 환자의 뇌 자기공명영상에서 대칭적인 지역 뇌부종 패턴의 군집화 분석을 통해 뇌부전 발생 예측의 유용성을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 대상과 방법 연속적인 HE 환자 98명을 대상으로 MR 소견과 임상자료를 후향적으로 분석하였다. Symmetric regional cerebral edema (이하 SRCE)의 12개 영역 간의 상관관계는 파이(φ) 계수를 사용하여 계산하였고, φ² 거리 측정과 Ward의 방법을 사용하여 계층적 군집화를 사용하여 패턴을 분류하였다. SRCE의 분류된 패턴은 말기 간 질환 모델(model for endstage liver disease; 이하 MELD) 점수 및 HE 등급과 같은 임상과 상관관계를 조사하였다. 결과 적색 핵과 뇌량(φ = 0.81, p < 0.001), 대뇌 십자 및 적색 핵(φ = 0.72, p < 0.001), 적색핵과 치상핵(φ = 0.66, p < 0.001)을 포함한 22쌍의 관심영역 사이에 유의한 연관성이 발견되었다. 계층적 군집화 후 24건을 I군, 35건을 II군, 39건을 III군으로 분류하였다. 그룹 III은 그룹 I에 비해 MELD 점수(p = 0.04)와 HE 등급(p = 0.002)이 더 높았다. 결론 본 연구는 HE 환자에서 대칭적인 지역 뇌부종의 패턴은 간 보존 및 뇌부전 발생을 예측하는 데 유용할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2001

A study of mammary function in relation to glucose metabolism of first lactation Bali cows on grass-legume diets was carried out using 12 primiparous cows (initial BW $263.79{\pm}21.66kg$) for 16 weeks starting immediately post calving. The animals were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatment groups R1, R2, R3 and R4, receiving from the last 2 months of pregnancy onwards, rations based on a mixture of locally available grass and legume feed ad libitum. On a DM basis R1 contained 70% elephant grass (PP, Penicetum purpureum) plus 30% Gliricidia sepia leaves (GS), R2 was 30% PP plus 25% GS supplemented with 55% Hibiscus tilliacius leaves (HT, defaunating effect), R3 and R4 were 22.5% PP+41.25% GS+11.25% HT+25% concentrate, with R4 supplemented with zinc-diacetate. TDN, CP and zinc contents of the diets were 58.2%, 12.05% and 18.3 mg/kg respectively for R1, 65.05%, 16.9% and 25.6 mg/kg respectively for R2, 66.03%, 16.71% and 29.02 mg/kg respectively for R3 and 66.03%, 16.71% and 60.47 mg/kg respectively for R4. Milk production and body weights were monitored, an energy and protein balance trial conducted, overall glucose kinetics parameters assessed, mammary blood flow (MBF) and metabolite arteriovenous differences (${\Delta}AVs$) measured to get uptake data and mammary performance relationships. Parameters of glucose kinetics at peak lactation or during dry condition were not affected by ration quality. Glucose pool size, space of distribution and flux increased by 61.77, 62.26 and 82.08%, respectively, during lactation compared to the dry period. Mean glucose flux of lactating Bali cows was $5.52mg/min.kgBW^{0.807}$ which resembles the range of values of temperate dairy cows. Calculation showed that glucose requirements for maintenance, milk lactose and fat-glycerol synthesis, and the formation of NADPH reached 461.69 g for a yield of 1 kg/d or equal to 320.62 mg/min, which was less than the average glucose flux of lactating Bali cows of 481.35 mg/min. Mammary blood flow (MBF) values ranged from 56 to 83 l/h for the different treatments and the ratio MBF per kg milk produced improved from av. 1540 l/kg for R1 to av. 967 l/kg for R4 treated cows. Mammary glucose uptake ranged from 6.27 to 12.03 g/h or 120 to 140 g/kg milk. Glucose uptake was mass-wise 2 to 4 times the amount secreted as lactose, which indicated values less than the calculated mammary glucose needs and that little lactose was synthesized. The excess glucose taken-up was used for other metabolic processes. Linear relationships between metabolite ${\Delta}AVs$ and arterial blood plasma concentration [A] showed that in Bali cows triglycerides (TG), phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) have high coefficients of determination, i.e. 0.77, 0.81 and 0.69, respectively. For glucose, the relationship is quadratic with an $R^2$ value of 0.49. It was concluded that lactose synthesis was inadequate, which led to a speculation that milk yield could be improved by increased lactose synthesis.