• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020년도 제62차 하계학술대회논문집 28권2호
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• pp.151-154
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• 2020

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing as obesity increases in Korea. In this study, we investigated the relationship between MS and gallbladder polyp (GBP). We examined 9,861 subjects who visited a single health-screening center in Jeju between January 2009 and December 2019. MS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age to evaluate the association between the components of MS and GBP. The estimated rates of MS and GBP among subjects were 28.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis suggested that MS (odds ratio[OR] 1.405, P=0.006) was the only independent factor affecting GBP. In our study sample, MS was correlated with GBP. The prevalence of gallbladder polyp increased with an increase in the risk factors indicating MS.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2018

Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to examine the relevance between nutrition intake, meal quality, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Koreans with metabolic syndrome. The 2,536 subjects, aged 19~64, who participated in 2015 National Nutrition Survey were included in this study. The 24-hour recall method was employed to analyze nutrition intake and dietary quality. Subjects were grouped into either the non-metabolic syndrome group (n=1,938) or the metabolic syndrome group (n=598). Total males and females were divided into 3 groups according to the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level to study its relationship to metabolic syndrome and its components, including odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Results showed the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was higher in the metabolic syndrome group (3.37) than non-metabolic syndrome group (1.57) (p<0.001). In the Index of Nutrition Quality, males in the non-metabolic syndrome group showed higher niacin (p<0.05) than males in metabolic syndrome group. Females in the non-metabolic syndrome group had higher vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.01), vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.001), niacin (p<0.05), calcium (p<0.001), and phosphate (p<0.01). Female in the high hs-CRP group showed high OR in blood glucose component (OR 2.488, 95% CI: 1.269~4.879) and metabolic syndrome risk (OR 2.856, 95% CI: 1.292~6.314). Females in the middle hs-CRP group had high triglycerides component (OR 2.956, 95% CI: 1.920~4.551), compared to the low hs-CRP group. The study showed females with higher hs-CRP had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 대사증후군 노인의 운동유지 여부에 따라 운동유지에 대한 영향요인을 확인하기 위해 시행된 횡단적 조사연구이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 총 136명이며, 자료의 수집은 대사증후군 노인의 운동유지 영향요인을 알아보기 위해 운동유지, 운동기대감, 운동 관련 환경, 운동 사회적지지, 운동자기효능감에 대한 도구로 수집되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win 20.0 program을 사용하여 requency, X2, t-test, Logistic regression으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 연령, 운동기대감, 운동자기효능감이 이들의 운동유지 영향요인임이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과는 대사증후군 노인의 운동유지를 위해서는 내적 동기에 해당하는 자기효능감을 함양시키고 운동기대감을 증진시키는 것이 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 또한 대사증후군 노인을 위한 건강증진프로그램을 계획할 때 운동에 대한 결과를 알려주고 이에 대한 이점을 부각시켜 스스로 운동을 잘 해낼 수 있도록 계획해야 하는 데에 본 연구결과가 기초자료로 활용할 수 있음이 기대된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2014

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is considered a coronary heart disease risk factor and its prevalence rate is increasing in Korea. Because obesity is relevant to metabolic syndrome, we investigated the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the Obesity Pattern Identification Questionnaire in middle-aged health check-up examinees. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 125 patients who visited a health promotion center of university hospital from October 2012 to January 2013. We analyzed the association of Obesity Pattern Identification Questionnaire and the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome. Results: Pi deficiency (脾虛), phlegm (痰飮), liver stasis (肝鬱) and food accumulation (食積) pattern showed significantly highs score in the group with hypertriglyceridemia. Also, females demonstrated significantly high scores of liver stasis (肝鬱) and food accumulation (食積) in the group with hypertriglyceridemia. The questions of Pattern Identification that showed especially significant high score in the group of hypertriglyceridemia are as follows: 'Easily get annoyed', 'Usually worried', 'Frequently overeating or bingeing', and 'Having more after getting full'. There are positive correlations between triglyceride and the score of Pi deficiency (脾虛), phlegm (痰飮) and food accumulation (食積) pattern. Conclusions: Obesity Pattern Identification Questionnaire can be used for the management of hypertriglyceridemia in an effort to prevent metabolic syndrome.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2016

Purpose: To analyze the associations among the degrees of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by ultrasonography and metabolic syndrome, degrees of obesity in children, and degrees of parental obesity. Methods: A total of 198 children with obesity who visited a pediatric obesity clinic were prospectively enrolled in this study. The severity of NAFLD based on ultrasonography was classified into no, mild, moderate, or severe NAFLD group. The degree of obesity based on the percentage over standard weight for height per sex was classified into mild, moderate, or severe. Results: Of 132 patients evaluated for the degree of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome, the p-value of correlation between the two factors was 0.009. Therefore, metabolic syndrome might significantly affect the degree of NAFLD. Of 158 patients evaluated for the degree of NAFLD and the degree of obesity, the p-value of correlation between the two factors was 0.122. Of 154 patients evaluated for the degree of obesity and father's obesity, the p-value was 0.076. Of 159 patients evaluated for the degree of obesity and mother's obesity, the p-value was 0.000, indicating that mother's obesity could significantly affect the degree of obesity in children. Of 142 patients evaluated for the degree of obesity and metabolic syndrome, the p-value was 0.288. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome might significantly affect the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver in children. In addition, mother's obesity might be a significant factor that affects the degree of obesity in children.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammation is known to be a risk factor for metabolic diseases. This study aimed to develop a Food-based Index of Dietary Inflammatory Potential (FBDI) and examine its association with metabolic biomarkers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study analyzed the raw data from the 2012-2014 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data of 17,771 people. To analyze the relationship between foods consumed by Koreans and inflammation, we conducted a correlation analysis between 51 food groups and hs-CRP levels. The FBDI was developed from 17 food groups selected by multiple regression method. We examined whether FBDI was associated with metabolic markers (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol) in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We used binary logistic regression analysis to examine the association. RESULTS: The FBDI model included seven of the anti-inflammatory food groups and three of the pro-inflammatory food groups. The FBDI formula was calculated by multiplying the intake of food group by ${\beta}$-coefficients derived from the multiple regression model based on the correlation analysis. The FBDI was significantly associated with waist circumference (P < 0.001), blood pressure (P < 0.001), triglyceride level (P < 0.001), and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) level among adults aged 20-64 years in the KNHANES. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.618 times higher in the group with the highest FBDI than in the group with the lowest one (95% confidence interval: 1.778-3.856, P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study established an FBDI reflecting food intake patterns of Koreans, which showed a significant relationship with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2016

Inflammatory and fibrotic responses are accelerated during the reperfusion period, and excessive fibrosis and inflammation contribute to cardiac malfunction. NecroX compounds have been shown to protect the liver and heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to further define the role and mechanism of action of NecroX-5 in regulating inflammation and fibrosis responses in a model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). We utilized HR-treated rat hearts and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated H9C2 culture cells in the presence or absence of NecroX-5 ($10{\mu}mol/L$) treatment as experimental models. Addition of NecroX-5 significantly increased decorin (Dcn) expression levels in HR-treated hearts. In contrast, expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 ($TGF{\beta}1$) and Smad2 phosphorylation (pSmad2) was strongly attenuated in NecroX-5-treated hearts. In addition, significantly increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF{\alpha}$), $TGF{\beta}1$, and pSmad2, and markedly decreased Dcn expression levels, were observed in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cells. Interestingly, NecroX-5 supplementation effectively attenuated the increased expression levels of $TNF{\alpha}$, $TGF{\beta}1$, and pSmad2, as well as the decreased expression of Dcn. Thus, our data demonstrate potential antiinflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of NecroX-5 against cardiac HR injuries via modulation of the $TNF{\alpha}/Dcn/TGF{\beta}1/Smad2$ pathway.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma antioxidant levels and metabolic syndrome in male workers, and to provide basic information regarding the control and prevention of metabolic syndrome. We analyzed 163 male workers who had participated in annual medical examinations from January to December 2007. The subjects were classified into normal and metabolic syndrome groups according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria and the Asia-Pacific criteria for waist circumference. Anthropometric parameters, lifestyles, blood lipid profiles, and antioxidant levels were evaluated. As compared to the normal group, the metabolic syndrome group evidenced significantly higher plasma levels of $\alpha$- tocopherol(p<0.05) and retinol(p<0.05), but significantly lower plasma levels of lycopene(p<0.05) and $\beta$-carotene(p<0.05). This tendency was found to be predominantly attributable to increases in the number of metabolic syndrome components. In our simple regression analysis, higher plasma levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol($\beta$=0.001, p<0.01) and retinol($\beta$=0.021, p<0.001) were associated with significantly higher risks of metabolic syndrome, but lycopene($\beta$=-1.499, p<0.01) and $\beta$-carotene($\beta$=-0.048, p<0.01) were associated with significantly lower risks of metabolic syndrome. Retinol($\beta$=0.013, p<0.05) and $\beta$-carotene($beta$=-0.044, p<0.01) were associated significantly with metabolic syndrome, when adjusted for age and BMI. These data indicate that the plasma levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol, retinol, lycopene, and $\beta$-carotene are associated with metabolic syndrome. Specifically, low lycopene and $\beta$-carotene levels in the plasma appear to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, proper nutritional education programs for male workers are required to increase dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins. Further studies will be necessary to determine whether antioxidant levels can be utilized as a predictive or a preventive factor.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2019

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제7기 1차년도(2016년) 자료를 이용하여 청소년의 대사증후군과 식생활, 신체활동 및 정신건강과의 관계를 파악 및 분석하여 청소년의 대사증후군 예방과 정신건강 증진을 위한 기초적 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상자의 연령은 만13세-만18세 청소년으로, 그 중 정상군은 남자 201명(52.6%), 여자 187명(47.4%)으로 나타났으며, 대사증후군은 남자 9명(56.4%), 여자 6명(43.6%)으로 총 403명으로 나타났다. 이에 청소년의 대사증후군과 식생활, 신체활동 및 정신건강과의 관계를 분석하여 연구한 결과, 청소년의 대사증후군에 미치는 주요 영향요인은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신체특성에서 BMI가 1 증가할 때 마다 대사증후군 유병확률이 1.746배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 식생활습관에서는 아침식사 빈도에서 주1-2회 식사 시 거의 안할 때 보다 대사증후군 유병확률이 0.87배 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 신체활동에서는 평소 하루 앉아있는 시간이 1시간 증가할 때 마다 대사증후군 유병확률이 1.054배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 청소년의 대사증후군은 정신건강과의 관련성에 미치는 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 청소년을 중심으로 한 대사증후군 관련 연구에 있어서 식생활, 신체활동 및 정신건강 등에 관한 다양한 변수들의 개발을 통해 보다 확장된 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되며 또한 청소년의 대사증후군 예방을 위한 식생활요인과 신체활동요인 및 정신건강요인을 접목한 효과적인 건강교육 중재 프로그램개발이 필요하다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.223-244
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between metabolic risk factors, Index of Nutrition Quality, and the dietary quality index score of Korean adults. Methods: The subjects were 18,652 Korean adults aged 19 years or older (7,899 males, 10,753 females) who participated in the 2016-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were divided into normal, pre-metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) groups according to the number of their metabolic risk factors. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: About 44.7% of men in the MetS group were at least college graduates (P < 0.001), whereas 52.0% of women in the MetS group were middle school graduates or lower (P < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and dairy products intake tended to decrease as the number of metabolic risk factors increased in both men and women (P for trend < 0.001). As the number of metabolic risk factors decreased, the frequency of grain intake tended to decrease in men (P for trend < 0.001) while the frequency of intake of red meat (P for trend = 0.001), poultry (P for trend < 0.001), and eggs (P for trend < 0.001) decreased in women. The total scores of Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) (men P < 0.001, women P < 0.01) and Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) (men and women P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the MetS group compared to the other groups, and the total score of DQI-I and KHEI tended to decrease as the number of metabolic risk factors increased. Conclusions: Dietary quality evaluation using various indices can provide more information on the dietary problems related to metabolic risk factors. Nutrients and foods that have been confirmed to be related to metabolic risk factors can be used to develop dietary guidelines for the nutritional management of metabolic diseases.