• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.573-579
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• 1996

Effects of operating variables on the conversion of the formation reaction of meta boric acid from ortho boric acid in a laboratory-scale bubble column reactor were investigated to obtain the basic data which are indispensable for the design, scale-up, control, development and operation of industrial bubble column reactors. Reaction time and pressure, particle size of reactant and gas flow rate were chosen as experimental variables. Effects of the experimental variables on the gas holdup in the bubble column reactor were also discussed in relation to the conversion of reaction. From the results of this study, the optimum conditions were drawn as follows : Reaction time ; 35~40(min), reaction pressure ; 92~95(kPa), particle size ; under $0.6{\times}10^{-3}(m)$, gas flow rate ; 0.07~0.08(m/s).

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this systematic review is to confirm whether Gwibitang is beneficial in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Methods : Clinical trials were searched from databases including Pubmed, Embase, Central Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, CQVIP, CiNii, OASIS, Koreamed, and NDSL. The eligible study design was limited into randomized controlled trial, quasi-randomized controlled trial and controlled clinical trial. The outcomes included general effectiveness as nominal scale, and fatigue severity, insomnia severity and quality of life as interval or ratio scale. The meta-analysis and assessment of risk of bias was performed based on the data extracted from the selected trials. Results : The results of eight randomized controlled trials (n=596) were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the synthesis showed Gwibitang is beneficial substantially for relieving and managing the general symptoms, and its heterogeneity was not in important level (RR 0.26 [95% CI 0.17, 0.39], Z=6.47, P<0.00001, I²=0%). Gwibitang was beneficial for alleviating fatigue (SMD -0.78 [95% CI -1.27, -0.30], Z=3.17, P=0.002), but its certainty was low. In case of insomnia, too few trials had been found and their risk of bias was substantial, so no conclusions had been brought to. Conclusions : We found an evidence that Gwibitang could be beneficial for managing and alleviating main symptoms in CFS patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.189-212
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to design the meta search system and the curriculum-oriented directory system for youth in science and to prove the efficiency of the systems through evaluating the usability. To attain the purpose of this study, both of the quality and quantity research method were used and questionnaire, interview. observation, thinking aloud method were used to collect a data for research. The result of this study is that the meta search system supplying convenient information use environment about the distributed information sources has higher usability than the individual search system. And the curriculum-oriented directory system supplying accessibility related with the class has higher usability than the subject-oriented directory system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.18-33
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect sizes of personal, family, peer, school, cyber environment, experience of bullying/victimization factors on cyberbullying perpetrating behavior among students in Korea using meta-analysis. Published academic journals and master/doctoral dissertations from 2010.01.01 to 2016.10.31 were identified using Research Information Sharing Service(RISS) data base. Keywords for search were cyberbullying, cyber-exclusion, cyber-violence, cyber-harassment, online/SNS peer harassment. A total of 43 studies were selected for meta-analysis. Personal factors and experience of bullying/victimization showed moderate effect sizes(0.28~0.29) and peer, family, cyber environment, school domains showed small effect sizes(0.08~0.13). Results of the study may be used to guide effective prevention or intervention strategies against cyberbullying among adolescents.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.70-76
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• 2019

Background: An excessive pronated foot is defined as a flattening or complete loss of the medial longitudinal arch. Excessive foot pronation is considered to have high risk factors of overuse injuries in the lower limb. Various treatments have been investigated in attempts to control excessive pronation. Objects: This meta-analysis identifies the effects of an anti-pronation taping technique using different materials. Methods: The electronic databases used include MEDLINE, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Science Direct, the Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), the Korea National Library, and the Korean Medical Database (studies published up to July 31, 2019). The database search used the following keywords: "foot drop" OR "foot arch" OR "foot pronation" OR "flat foot (pes planus)" AND "taping" OR "support." Eight eligible studies were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of anti-pronation taping in study and control groups. Results: The overall random effect size (Hedges'g) of the anti-pronation taping technique was 0.147 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -.214 to .509). When the effect (Hedges' g) was compared by the type of tape material, rigid tape (RT; Lowdye taping) was .213 (95% CI: -.278 to .704) and kinesiotape (KT; arch support taping) was -.014 (95% CI: -.270 to .242). Based on this meta-analysis, it was not possible to identify the extent to which anti-pronation taping was effective in preventing navicular drop, improving balance, or changing foot pressure. Only three of the eight eligible studies applied KT on excessive pronated feet, and the outcome measure areas were different to those of the RT studies. The KT studies used EMG data, overall foot posture index (FPI) scores, and rear foot FPI scores. In contrast, the RT studies measured navicular heights, various foot angles, and foot pressure. Conclusion: This review could not find any conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of any taping method for patients with pronated feet. Future studies are needed to develop the anti-pronation taping technique based on the clinical scientific evidence.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.605-621
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy and safety of Hwangryunhaedok-tang for type 2 diabetes without complications by systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We searched the following up to March 31. 2021: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii, KISS, KMBASE, OASIS, ScienceON. Data extraction and assessment of Cochrane's risk of bias (RoB) tool were performed by two independent authors, and if there was disagreement between two researchers, it was resolved through the intervention of a third researcher. Results: A total of seven trials are included in this systemic review. The treatment group (Hwangryunhaedok-tang plus conventional treatment) showed more statistically significant effects than did the control group (conventional treatment only) in fasting plasma glucose level, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose level, glycated hemoglobin A1c, fasting insulin level, and HOMA-IR. There was no significant difference between the treatment group (Hwangryunhaedok-tang alone) and the control group (metformin alone). Conclusion: Hwangryunhaedok-tang might have efficacy and safety in controlling blood sugar level and improving insulin-resistance. However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was insufficient, and the Hwangryunhaedok-tang used in the included studies was not standardized. Also, the quality of the involved studies was generally low. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of Hwangryunhaedok-tang treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• International Neurourology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.275-286
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• 2018

Purpose: OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) is a promising therapy for treating neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to carry out an in-depth review and to make an objective estimation of the efficacy and safety of BoNT-A on NDO after SCI. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for all relevant articles published from 2001 to 2016 that referred to NDO, SCI, and BoNT-A or botulinum toxin A. All data were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet by 2 individual reviewers. Review Manager version 5.3 was used to carry out the meta-analysis. Results: This analysis included 17 studies involving 1,455 patients. Compared with placebo and baseline, BoNT-A was effective in increasing maximum cystometric capacity, volume at first involuntary detrusor contraction, cystometric bladder capacity (all P<0.00001), compliance (P=0.001), and the number of patients with complete dryness (P=0.0003), and decreasing detrusor pressure, the number of patients with no involuntary detrusor contractions, the maximum flow rate, the incidence of detrusor overactivity (all P<0.00001), and the number of urinary incontinence episodes (P=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between doses of 200 U and 300 U or between injections into the detrusor and submucosa. There were no life-threatening adverse events. Conclusions: BoNT-A is effective and safe in treating NDO after SCI. There were no statistically significant differences between doses of 200 U and 300 U or between injecting into the detrusor and submucosa. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are still needed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2019

An Internet of Things(IoT) technology which provides intelligent services by combining context-awareness based intelligences, inter-communication is made of between things and things or between things and person through the network connected with intelligent things is spreading rapidly. Especially as this technology is converged into smart device, mobile, cloud, big data technologies, it is applied into various domains. Therefore, this is different from existing Web or Mobile Application. New types of IoT applications are emerging by adapting IoT into Web or mobile. Because IoT application is not only focused on software but also considering hardware or things aspect, there are limitations existing development process. Existing development processes don't consider analysis and design techniques considering both hardware and things. We propose not only a meta-model for development process which can support IoT application's development but also meta-models for main activities in this paper. Especially we define modeling elements by using UML's extension mechanisms, provide development process, and suggest design techniques how to apply those elements into IoT application's modeling phase. Because there are many types of IoT application's type, we propose an Android and Arduino-based on IoT application as a case study. We expect that proposed technique can be applied into many of various IoT application development and design with a form of flexible and extensible as well as main functionalities or elements are more concretely described. As a result, it brings IoT application's flexibility and the effect of quality improvement.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.149-156
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• 2019

With widespread use of information technologies, information privacy issues have been gaining more attention by not only the public but also researchers. The number of studies on the issues has been increasing exponentially, which makes incomprehensible the whole picture of research outcome. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a systematic examination of past research. This study developed two competing models with four essential constructs in information privacy research and empirically tested the models with data obtained from previous studies. This study employed a quantitative meta-analysis method called TSSEM. It is one of MASEM methods in which structural equation modeling and meta-analysis are integrated. The analysis results indicated that risk-centric model exhibited much better model fits than those of concern-centric model. This study implies that traditional concern-centric model should be questioned it's explanatory power of the model and researchers may consider alternative risk-centric model to explain user's intention to provide privacy information.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.497-507
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music intervention programs for children with ADHD in Korea through systematic review and meta-analysis. For this, nine researches of 1,856 articles published from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed which are experimental studies with the control groups in accordance with selection criteria. As the result of systematic review on four criteria, two or more in each of musical activities, intervention goals, and evaluation tools were employed in most of the nine studies, and there were frequently found studies on sociality and attentiveness. As the result of meta-analysis, there were shown that the overall effect scored medium effect size, and attention deficit and sociality marked low, while problem behavior did medium effect size. It is meaningful that this study showed the importance of using standardized evaluation tools in music intervention for children with ADHD, and it could be used as basic data to develop music intervention programs for them,