• Title/Summary/Keyword: Meta-Synthesis

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국내 간호사의 직장 내 괴롭힘 경험: 질적 메타 종합연구 (Workplace bullying among Korean registered nurses: A meta-aggregation of qualitative studies)

  • 박은준;강현욱;고지운
    • 한국간호교육학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.450-468
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a qualitative synthesis of workplace bullying experiences among nurses in Republic of Korea. Methods: Following the PRISMA guideline, a literature search was conducted using seven domestic and three international databases. Studies published in Korean or English from inception to December 31, 2022 were included. A meta-aggregation approach suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute was used to synthesize the research findings. Results: Fourteen studies were included in this review. As a result of a data analysis of the selected studies, 199 subthemes and supporting illustrations were identified and grouped into 36 related categories. Based on the subthemes and categories, five synthesized findings were developed: (1) the individual and organizational causes of workplace bullying; (2) the various types of physical violence and psychological harassment; (3) the negative impact of workplace bullying and its effect on self-growth; (4) active and passive coping efforts in dealing with bullying; and (5) strategies for preventing bullying incidents. Conclusion: Based on the synthesized findings, four recommendations were made: (1) improving the challenging working conditions for nurses; (2) enhancing educational programs for new nursing graduates; and (3) promoting proactive responses from nursing managers in conjunction with an expansion of resilience training for nursing students. Finally, to address the issue of workplace bullying, (4) multi-center and multi-level research involving nursing organizations needs to be conducted.

Amino산(酸)으로부터 Anilide유도체(誘導體)의 합성(合成)과 생리활성(生理活性)에 관(關)하여 -제2보(第二報). N-Benzoylglycylanilide 및 N-Benzoylalanylanilide 유도체(誘導體)의 합성(合成)과 생리활성(生理活性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)- (Synthesis of Anilide Derivatives from Amino Acids and their Biological Activities -Part II. Synthesis of N-Benzoylglycylanilide and N-Benzoylalanyanilide Derivatives and their Biological Activities-)

  • 김정배;이천수
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.231-238
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    • 1983
  • Glycine, alanine과 aniline 유도체(誘導體)로부터 각각 새로운 N-benzoylglycylanilide 및 N-benzoylalanilide 유도체(誘導體)를 합성(合成)하였다. 이 화합물(化合物)들을 원소분석(元素分析), IR, UV, 그리고 NMR 등(等)의 기기분석(機器分析)에 의(依)하여 N-benzoylglycylanilide, N-benzoyl-glycyl-o-toluidide, N-benzoylglycyl-m-toluidide, N-benzoylglycyl-p-toluidide, N-benzoyl-L-alanylanilide, N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-p-toluidide, N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-m-toluidide, N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-p-toluidide로 각각 동정(同定)되었다. 그리고 합성화합물(合成化合物)들의 벼, 무, 녹두작물(作物)과 잔디종자(種子)에 대한 발아(發芽) 및 생육억제(生育抑制) 효과(效果)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-m-toluididie는 무에 대해서 강(强)한 억제효과가 나타남을 볼 수 있었으며, 특히 N-benzoyl-L-alanylanilide는 다른 화합물(化合物)보다 잔디의 생육(生育)을 강(强)하게 억제(抑制)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 대체로 glycine 유도체(誘導體)보다 alanine 유도체(誘導體)가 활성효과(活性效果)가 컸으며, 합성화합물(合成化合物)의 methyl group의 위치(位置)에 따라서 (ortho, meta 그리고 para) 식물종자(種子)의 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)이 다르게 나타났다. 즉, N-benzoylglycyl-m-toluidide 는 N-benzoylglycyl-o-toluidide와 N-benzolyl-glycyl-p-toluidide보다 식물종자(植物種子) 생육저해활성(生育저沮害活性)이 컸으며, 또한 N-benzoylglycyl-o-toluidide도 역시 N-benzoyl-glycyl-p-toluidide와 N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-m-toluidide보다 크게 나타났다.

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새로운 2-이미노티아졸린 유도체의 합성과 항균활성 (II) (A Synthesis of New 2-Iminothiazolines and Their Antifungal Activities (II))

  • 남기달;최경자;조광연;한호규
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.471-476
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    • 1998
  • 신 농약을 개발할 목적으로 선도화합물인 티아졸린의 곁가지를 변화시킨 새로운 2-이미노티아졸린 유도체를 합성하여 항균활성을 검색하였다. 디키틴과 아닐린으로부터 제조된 아세토아세트아닐리드 유도체를 브롬화하여 상응하는 감마-브로모아세토아세트아닐리드 유도체를 얻고 이를 티오우레아 유도체와 반응시켜 2-이미노티아졸린 유도체를 합성하였다. 2-이미노티아졸린의 항균활성을 검색하고자 6 종류의 대표적인 식물 병원균에 대한 시험(in vivo)을 하였다. 2-페노치환체들은 벼도열병균에 대하여 250 ppm에서 탁월한 항균성을 나타냈다. 1차 활성시험에서 방제가 90이상으로 평가된 것만 선발하여 2차 활성시험(농도저하 시험)을 수행하였다. 2-아릴기에 전자주게보다 전자 끌게, 전자끌게 중에서도 할로겐치환체가 도입된 경우에 고 활성을 나타냈으며 불소원자가 치환된 경우에 활성이 비교적 양호하였다.

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Acinetobacter sp. T5-7에 의한 Phenol과 Trichloroethylene 분해특성 (Characterization of Trichloroethylene and Phenol Degradation by Acinetobaeter sp. T5-7)

  • 홍성용;이숙희;이정해;하지홍
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.255-262
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    • 1995
  • Intact cells of Acinetobacter sp. T5-7 completely degraded trichloroethylene (TCE) following growth with phenol. This strain could grow on at least eleven aromatic compounds, e.g., benzaldehyde, benzene, benzoate, benzylalochol, catechol, caffeic acid, 2.4-D, p-hydroxybenzoate, phenol, protocatechuate and salicylate, and did grow on alkane, such as octane. But except phenol, other aromatic compounds did not induced TCE degradation. Phenol biotransformation products, catechol was identified in the culture media. However, catechol-induced cells did not degrade TCE. So we assumed that phenol hydroxylase was responsible for the degradation of TCE. The isolate T5-7 showed growth in MM2 medium containing sodium lactate and catechol rather than phenol, but did not display phenol hydroxyalse activity, suggesting induction of enzyme synthesis by phenol. Phenol hydroxylase activity was independent of added NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide but was dependent on NADPH addition. Degradation of phenol produced catechols which are then cleaved by meta-fission. We identified catechol-2.3-dioxygenase by active staining of polyacrylamide gel.

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Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine in Times of New Technologies

  • Jenicek Milos
    • 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한예방의학회 1996년도 제48차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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    • pp.3-26
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    • 1996
  • Epidemiology and preventive medicine are changing together with Population and health and with ever expanding medical and non medical technologies. New technologies make epidemiology methodologically more sophisticated, but such advances risk overshadowing epidemiology's most important role: raising questions, providing answers, and helping the medical decision-making at ail levels of prevention. Epidemiology also plays a major role in the evaluation of new and other technologies whose effectiveness is poorly known. Epidemiological approaches, methods, techniques, and interpretations are widely used in new and rapidly expanding fields of medicine: research evaluation and synthesis (meta-analysis), establishment of guidelines for clinical preventive practices, new medical technology assessment, guidelines for national and international health policies, evidence-based medicine, outcomes research and disease management ('population-based' medicine and quality of care improvement). In the nearest future, infectious and noninfectious diseases may cease to be almost the sole subjects of epidemiology and they may share their place with other mass phenomena of the next millennium, such as medical practices and care, or political, social and economic actions and their consequences. Not only will primary, secondary, and tertiary Prevention will remain in the epidemiological mainstream, but health protection and health promotion will require perhaps a redefinition of epidemiology in these domains. Epidemiology and preventive medicine are both subjects of medical ethics and dilemma for right choices.

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진균성 질염의 한약 훈증 치료에 대한 체계적 문헌 고찰 (Systematic Review of Herbal Medicine Fumigation Treatment for Mycotic Vaginitis (Candida Vaginitis))

  • 박경덕;배주은;윤영진
    • 대한한방부인과학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.20-32
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of fumigation treatment, provide a clinical basis for fumigation therapy, and develop treatment protocols through consideration of treatment methods and herbal medicines. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials using fumigation treatment on mycotic vaginitis in 8 electronic databases such as EMBASE, Pubmed, and CNKI. The results of the studies were analyzed and the risk of bias was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed to reveal the effectiveness of fumigation compared to control treatments. Results: We finally selected 5 studies among 54 articles according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. In all selected studies, herbal fumigation was more effective than any control treatment and all the studies were statistically significant. Conclusions: The study provides a basis for applying fumigation treatment to patients with mycotic vaginitis and helps developing a treatment protocol of caring patients of mycotic vaginitis. But the limitation of this study is that the number of studies included is small and quantitative synthesis of all results has not been achieved.

A simple route for synthesis of SnO2 from copper alloy dross

  • Lee, Jung-Il;Lee, Bo Seul;Lee, Ji Young;Shin, Ji Young;Kim, Tae Wan;Ryu, Jeong Ho
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.84-87
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    • 2014
  • Separation/recovery of valuable metals such as zinc, nickel or tin from copper alloy dross has recently attracted from the viewpoints of environmental protection and resource recycling. In this study, preliminary investigation on separation of tin (Sn) from copper alloy dross using selective dissolution method was performed. The tin in the copper alloy dross did not dissolve in an aqueous nitric acid solution which could allow the concentration/separation of tin from the copper alloy dross. Precipitation of tin as $H_2SnO_3$ (meta stannic acid)occurred in the solution and transformed to tin dioxide ($SnO_2$) after drying process. The dried sample was heat-treated at low temperature and its crystal structure, surface morphology and chemical composition were investigated.

삼불화메틸기가 포함된 디히드로-1,4-옥사티인 카르복스아닐리드 유도체의 합성과 살균 활성 (Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Dihydro-1,4-oxathiin Carboxanilides and Their Fungicidal Activity)

  • 남기달;김진철;조광연;한호규
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.191-196
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    • 2001
  • 새로운 살균제 농약 개발을 목적으로 삼불화메틸기 디히드로-1,4-옥사티인기가 포함된 ${\alpha},{\beta}$-불포화 카르복스아미드 유도체 5를 합성하였다. 삼불화 ${\beta}$케토에스테르 유도체 6을 염화한 다음 1,2-메르캡토에탄을과 반응시켜 중간체 1,4-옥사티안 유도체 11을 얻었다. 중간체 11의 정제없이 히드록시기를 염소로 치환한 다음 중간체 10을거쳐 트리에틸 존재하에서 탈염화하여 삼불화메틸기가 포함된 디히드로-1,4-옥사티인 에틸에스테르 9를 합성하였다. 에스테르 9를 가수분해하여 생성된 카르복실산 12의 히드록시기를 염소로 치환하여 활성화한 다음 여러 가지 아민 유도체와 반응시켜 삼불화메틸기가 포함된 디히드로-1,4-옥사티인 카르복스아미드 유도체 5를 합성하였다. 합성된 화합물을 대표적인 6종의 식물병원균, 벼 도열병, 벼 잎집무의마름병, 오이 잿빛곰팡이병, 토마토 역병, 밀 붉은 녹병, 그리고 보리 흰가루병 등에 대한 in vivo 항균력을 시험하였다. 그 결과, 페닐기의 meta 위치에 이소프로폭시기 또는 이소프로필기가 치환된 화합물이 벼 잎집무의마름병과 밀 붉은녹병에 대한 강한 항균력을 나타냈다.

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치주질환과 만성신장질환의 연관성: 코호트 연구에 대한 체계적 고찰 (Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies)

  • 이은선;도경이
    • 치위생과학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.160-167
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 치주질환과 신장질환의 연관성을 알아보기 위한 체계적 고찰이다. Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library 데이터베이스에서 2016년 4월 17일 검색을 완료하였다. 문헌의 선택은 코호트 연구 설계를 기준으로 하였으며, 환자군은 치주질환 또는 중증의 치주질환이 있는 대상자로 하였다. 최종 결과는 만성신장질환의 발생이나 신장기능의 저하로 eGFR을 제시한 연구로 하였다. 최종 선정된 문헌의 양적합성을 위하여 Review Manager (RevMan) 통계 분석 소프트웨어를 이용하였다. 고정효과모형 멘텔-헨젤 방법(M-H)을 이용하여 메타분석을 시행하여 치주질환과 만성신장질환의 연관성을 추정하였다. 검색 전략을 이용하여 총 3,018개의 문헌이 검색되었고, 그 중 4개의 문헌이 최종 분석에 포함되어 메타 분석한 결과 치주질환이 만성신장질환 발생위험과 유의한 연관성이 있음이 나타났다(OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.44~1.90; p<0.001). 만성신장질환 발생 및 신장기능저하를 예방하기 위해서는 개인의 삶의 질 저하와 의료비용부담을 줄이기 위해 기존에 알려진 전통적 위험인자 외에 만성신장질환에 영향을 미치는 치주질환의 예방 및 관리의 필요성이 크다.

Trifluoromethylated Dihydro-1,4-dithiin carboxanilide 유도체의 합성 및 살균활성 (Synthesis of trifluoromethylated dihydro-1,4-dithiin carboxamides and their antifungal activities)

  • 한호규;남기달;장기혁;이선우;조광연
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 2001
  • 새로운 농약살균제의 개발을 목적으로 trifluoromethyl기 dihydro-1,4-dithiin기 포함된 ${\alpha},{\beta}$-불포화 carboxamide 유도체 12를 합성하였다. trifluoromethylated ${\beta}$-ketoester 유도체 4를 염화한 다음 1,2-ethandithiol과 반응시켜 중간체 1,4-dithiane 유도체 9를 얻었다. 중간체 9의 정제없이 hydroxy기를 염소로 치환하여 생성된 중간체 8을 triethylamine 존재하에서 탈염화하여 trifluoromethyl기가 포함된 dihydro-1,4-dithiin ethyl ester 7을 합성하였다. Ester 7을 가수분해하여 생성된 carboxylic acid 10의 hydroxy를 염소로 치환하여 활성화한 다음 여러 가지 amine 유도체와 반응시켜 trifluoromethyl기가 포함된 dihydro-1,4-dithiin carboxamide 유도체 12를 합성하였다. 합성된 화합물을 대표적이 6종의 식물병원균, 벼 도열병원균, 벼 잎집무늬마름병원균, 오이 잿빛곰팡이병원균, 토마토 역병원균, 밀붉은녹병원균, 보리 흰가루병원균 등에 대한 항균력을 시험 (in vivo) 하였다. 그 결과, 대부분의 화합물이 미약한 항균을 나타냈다. 페닐기의 meta 위치에 isopropy기가 치환된 화합물 12h는 250 ppm에서 밀 붉은녹병원균에 대한 항균력 (99%)을 나타냈다.

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