• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.131-148
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• 2000

Above all, the ability to solve problems must be emphasized as a basic skill of mathematics, but it is neglected when we teach. In this study, learning task means ［same meaning］ ［same form］ ［same technique］, so I tried to extend mathematical scholastic ability of the students as an extensional problem solving that is a basic element of mathematics. The purpose of this study is the investigation of level type learning, using the basic learning elements to extend thinking ability. From the constructed hypothesis as follows and then implement it. I selected basic learning elements from an analyzed textbook and then task learning material was created for each level type learning. The problem solving ability will be extended through the level type learning of the small group, using the level type learning task material. The conclusions this study are as follows. The level type learning in small group learning, using and making level type learning material, having basic learning elements in analysed text are. Basic learning content is understood clearly and deeply, so, fundamentally, it is effective in achieving the problem solving in mathematics. It is an effective method to achieve the meta-cognitive faculty because achieved the expected method of solving problems and resulted in the true learning of content.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.466-472
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• 2017

This study was designed to examine the diversity census of fungi in rumen microbiome via meta-analysis of fungal 28S rDNA sequences. Both terms, "rumen" and "ruminal," were searched to retrieve the sequences of rumen fungi. As of September 2016, these sequences (n=165) of ruminal origin were retrieved from the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP; http://rdp.cme.msu.edu), an archive of all 28S rDNA sequences and were assigned to the phyla Ascomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, and Basidiomycota, which accounted for 109, 48, and 8 of the 165 sequences, respectively. Ascomycota sequences were assigned to the genera Pseudonectria, Magnaporthe, Alternaria, Cochliobolus, Cladosporium, and Davidiella, including fungal plant pathogens or mycotoxigenic species. Moreover, Basidiomycota sequences were assigned to the genera Thanatephorus and Cryptococcus, including fungal plant pathogens. Furthermore, Neocallimastigomycota sequences were assigned to the genera Cyllamyces, Neocallimastix, Anaeromyces, Caecomyces, Orpinomyces, and Piromyces, which may degrade the major structural carbohydrates of the ingested plant material. This study provided a collective view of the rumen fungal diversity using a meta-analysis of 28S rDNA sequences. The present results will provide a direction for further studies on ruminal fungi and be applicable to the development of new analytic tools.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-206
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• 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacopuncture treatment for insomnia disorder to derive clinical evidence and recommendation grades. Methods: Studies that verified effects of pharmacopuncture on primary insomnia were included. Characteristics and quality of included studies were assessed using Risk of Bias (RoB). Results: A total of 25 studies were selected. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and effective rate were primarily used for outcome measurement. Vitamin B12 was the most used pharmacopuncture material. The most frequently used acupuncture point was Anmian (Ex-HN). The volume of the acupuncture solution ranged from 0.25 mL to 2 mL. Acupuncture treatment depth was 0.5 cm to 2 cm. In three studies, the procedure was performed at 16:00. Meta-analysis of studies revealed that the effective rate of the pharmacopuncture group was significantly higher than the group using sleeping pills group (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.45, p=0.04, I²=69%). PSQI was decreased in the intervention group (MD=-2.19, 95% CI: -2.90 to -1.48, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Effective rates of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture groups were higher than that of the acupuncture group (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.17, p=0.0002, I²=0%). PSQI was decreased in the intervention group (MD=-1.87, 95% CI: -2.36 to -1.38, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Although the effectiveness rate of the pharmacopuncture group was not significantly higher than that of the acupuncture group (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.27, p=0.1, I²=9%), the PSQI was decreased in the pharmacopuncture group (MD=-2.10, 05% CI: -3.29 to -0.91, p=0.0005, I²=34%). The quality of clinical studies was poor. Conclusions: Based on results of this study, it is proper to use 0.5 to 2 mL of pharmacopuncture solution such as Danshen and Ciwujia with a depth of 0.5 to 2 cm at around 4 p.m. to treat insomnia disorder, focusing on Anmian (Ex-HN) and Sameumgyo (SP6).

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 1990

This paper deals with investigating experimentally the effects of PWHT on the weld quality such as strength, toughness, hardness and micro-structure of the welded joints in friction welding of torsion bar material SUP9A bar to bar. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) It was certified that the condition of the post-weld heat treatment(PWHT) for the friction welded joints was very satisfactory because both strength and toughness of the joints were improved as almost same as those of the base metal or better by the PWHT. 2) The peak of hardness distribution of the friction welded joints can be eliminated by PWHT, resulting in being almost equalized at the weld interface, the HAZ(heat affected zone) and the base metal. 3) The micro-structure of the base meta., HAZ and weld interface(WI) of friction welded joints welded at the optimum welding condition consists of the same sorbite structure obtained by PWHT and fined sorbite at WI, resulting in increasing toughness as well as strength, and no micro structural defect has been found at the friction welded zone.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.244-244
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• 1990

This paper deals with investigating experimentally the effects of PWHT on the weld quality such as strength, toughness, hardness and micro-structure of the welded joints in friction welding of torsion bar material SUP9A bar to bar. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) It was certified that the condition of the post-weld heat treatment(PWHT) for the friction welded joints was very satisfactory because both strength and toughness of the joints were improved as almost same as those of the base metal or better by the PWHT. 2) The peak of hardness distribution of the friction welded joints can be eliminated by PWHT, resulting in being almost equalized at the weld interface, the HAZ(heat affected zone) and the base metal. 3) The micro-structure of the base meta., HAZ and weld interface(WI) of friction welded joints welded at the optimum welding condition consists of the same sorbite structure obtained by PWHT and fined sorbite at WI, resulting in increasing toughness as well as strength, and no micro structural defect has been found at the friction welded zone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.133-136
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• 2001

In this paper, we investigated the diffraction efficiency of polarization holography using by amorphous $Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ multi-layer thin films by He-Ne laser. Multi-layer structures were formed by alternating a layer of meta1(Ag) and chalcogenide( $Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ ). The holographic grating in these thin flims has been formed using a linealy polarized He-Ne laser light (633nm). The diffraction efficiency was investigated the two sample of $Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}-7$ layers and $Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}-15$ layers. As the results, we found that the diffraction efficiency of $Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}-7$ layers and $Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}-15$ layers were 1.7% and 2.5% respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.55-58
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• 2002

PIT method which is used at fabricating Bi-2223/Ag HTS wire includes a drawing process, conventional deformation method. Drawing of meta1(Ag) and ceramic (BiSrCaCuO) composite is also difficult and significant for uniform deformation. In this paper, parameters of uniform deformation was studied at Bi-2223/ Ag multifilamentary HTS wire. Powder and rod as a starting precursor was compared at 55 filament and 54 filament Bi-2223/Ag HTS wire, respectively. Micro-hardness and area COV of the filaments was also evaluated when the diameters were decreased through drawing operations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.29-32
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• 1999

$GaF_3$ films were directly grown on p' and p-type GaAs(100) substrates using a $SF_6$ plasma discharge system. GaAs MIS(Meta1-Insulator-Semiconductor) capacitor was successfully fabricated for about 1 hour at temperature $290^{\circ}C$ using the as-grown $GaF_3$ films. The as-grown films on p'-GaAs exhibited a current density of less than 6.68 $\times$ $1O^{-9}$ A/$cm^2$ at a breakdown field of 500kV/cm and a refractive index of 2.0 ~ 2.3 at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The dielectric constant was about 5 derived from 1 MHz capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. Dielectric dispersion of the fluoridated films on p'-GaAs measured ranged from 100 Hz to 10 MHz was not observed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2009

Hyperbranched conjugated polymers (p-HPPV and m-HPPV) with para and meta linkages were synthesized from $A_2$ and $B_4$ type monomers through Wittig polycondensation. The synthesized p-HPPV and m-HPPV were completely soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichloroethane, etc. and thermal gravimetric analyses showed that p-HPPV and m-HPPV are stable up to $350^{\circ}C$. The molecular weights (from GPC), UV-visible, and photoluminescence maximum peaks of p-HPPV and m-HPPV are characterized in detail. The fabricated EL devices using the synthesized hyperbranched polymers, (ITO/(p-HPPV or m-HPPV)/Al), showed EL emission at about 507 nm and 481 nm (681 nm), respectively. Especially, EL device from m-HPPV were found to exhibit nearly white emission with approximate CIE coordinates of (0.31, 0.34) compared with (0.310, 0.316) of NTSC white color at $100\;cd/m^2$. The good photophysical properties combine with good film-form ability could make these hyperbranched polymers to be a potential candidate for the EL materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2021

In this study, we fabricated multilayer graphene on a glass substrate by stacking the monolayer graphene synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. The electrical sheet resistance and optical transmittance were evaluated to confirm the quality of the stacked multilayer graphene. Using the fabricated multilayer graphene/glass structure, we characterized its thermal radiative property in terms of the integrated emissivity. The integrated emissivity of the multilayer graphene/glass structure was tuned from 0.91 to 0.72 when the number of graphene layers was changed from 1 to 12. We also demonstrated that the emissivity tunability provided a way to control the apparent temperature of an object that can be used in infrared stealth applications.