• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.358-364
• /
• 2007

This paper suggests MPLS restoration method that use an aggregation tree. For the restoration of the MPLS network, this paper presents a scheme that reconstruct multiple path through aggregation tree that grow from many node to a target node. Contrary to a multicast tree where a message that send at one node is passed to a group of node, an aggregation tree is a tree that data is passed from many node to one destination node. Through an experiment we confirmed that the restoration scheme that uses aggregation tree shows taster speed comparing with the existing other restoration scheme.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.82-102
• /
• 2008

Packet losses tend to occur during short error bursts separated by long periods of relatively error-free transmission. There is also a significant spatial correlation in loss among the receiver nodes in a multicast session. To recover packet transmission errors at the transport layer, tree-based protocols construct a logical tree for error recovery before data transmission is started. The current tree construction scheme does not scale well because it overloads the sender node. We propose a scalable recovery tree construction scheme considering these properties. Unlike the existing tree construction schemes, our scheme distributes some tasks normally handled by the sender node to specific nodes acting as repair node distributors. It also allows receiver nodes to adaptively re-select their repair node when they experience unacceptable error recovery delay. Simulation results show that our scheme constructs the logical tree with reduced message and time overhead. Our analysis also indicates that it provides fast error recovery, since it can reduce the number of additional retransmissions from its upstream repair nodes or sender node.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
• /
• v.30B no.4
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 1993

This paper proposes a shortest path allocation algorithm over the processors on the hypercube system based on the message passing techniques with the optimized module allocation. On multiprocessor systems, how to divide one task into multiple tasks efficiently is an important issue due to the hardness of the life cycle estimation of each process. To solve the life cycle discrepancies, the appropriate task assignment to each processor and the flexible communications among the processors are indispensible. With the concurrent program execution on hypercube systems, each process communicaties to others with the method of message passing. And, each processor has its own memory. The proposed algorithm generates a callable tree out of the module, assigns the weight factors, constructs the allocation graph, finds the shortest path allocation tree, and maps them with hypercube.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.109-129
• /
• 1999

This study deals with the problem of information dissemination in a communication network, which is defined to be the process whereby a set of messages, generated by an originator, is transmitted to all the members within the network. Since this type of message generally includes control data to manage the network or global information that all members should know, it is to be required to transmit it to all the members as soon as possible. In this study, it is assumed that a member can either transmit or receive a message and an informed member can transmit it to only one of its neighbors at time. This type of transmission is called 'local broadcasting' Several schemes of call sequencing are designed for a general-type network with nonuniform edge transmission times, and then computer simulations are performed. Some heuristics for information dissemination are proposed and tested. For this, optimal call sequence in a tree-type network, sequencing theory and graph theory are applied. The result shows that call sequencing based on the shortest path tree is the most desirable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2002.10c
• /
• pp.151-153
• /
• 2002

XML/HTML 문서와 같이 트리 구조로 표현되는 데이터의 변화 탐지는 NP-hard의 문제로 이에 대한 효율적인 구현은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 변화 탐지를 위해 트리 구조의 데이터를 X-tree로 표현하고 이에 기초한 휴리스틱 알고리즘을 제안한다. X-tree에서는 모든 서브트리의 루트 노드에 서브트리의 구조와 소속 노드들의 데이터들을 128비트의 해시값으로 표현하여 저장함으로 신ㆍ구 버전의 X-tree들에 속한 서브트리들의 비교가 매우 효율적이다. 제시한 변화 탐지 알고리즘에서는 구 버전의 X-tree의 모든 서브트리들에 대해 신 버전의 X-tree에서 동등한 서브트리들을 찾고, 이들에 기초하여 이동 연산이 발생한 서브트리들과 갱신 연산이 발생한 서브트리들을 순차적으로 찾는다. 이때 이동 연산과 갱신 연산으로 대응되는 서브트리는 동등 서브트리로부터 루트 노드로 대응 관계를 확장하는 가운데 발견된다. 이후 깊이 우선으로 검색하면서 나머지 노드들을 대응시킨다. X-tree의 구조적 특징에 기인하여 노드들 간의 비교를 통해 대응 여부를 검사하는 대부분의 기존 연구와는 달리 서브트리의 비교를 통해 대부분의 대응 관계를 결정하므로 효율적인 변화 탐지가 가능하다. 본 알고리즘은 최악의 경우에서도 N을 신ㆍ구 버전 문서의 전체 노드 수라 할 때 O(N)의 시간 복잡도를 갖는다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.12A
• /
• pp.984-993
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we present a new method for efficient mobility management in infrastructure-based ad hoc networks. This type of network inherently takes the tree topology model in which an Internet gateway (IG) becomes a root. Accordingly, the nodes near the IG process get much more number of messages, thereby causing a bottleneck phenomenon that degrades network performance. This problem is known as a funneling effect. We present a method to maximize message aggregation in which the nodes in the networks form tree topology and perform skewed time synchronization according to the depths of the nodes during the tree construction process. We proved by resorting to simulation that the funneling effect is alleviated and network performance is improved greatly.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.188-200
• /
• 2006

Once a continuous query, which is commonly used in sensor networks, is issued, the query is executed many times with a certain interval and the results of those query executions are collected to the base station. Since this comes many communication messages continuously, it is important to reduce communication cost for collecting data to the base station. In sensor networks, in-network processing reduces the number of message transmissions by partially aggregating results of an aggregate query in intermediate nodes, or merging the results in one message, resulting in reduction of communication cost. In this paper, we propose a routing tree for sensor nodes that qualify the given query predicate, called the query specific routing tree(QSRT). The idea of the QSRT is to maximize in-network processing opportunity. A QSRT is created seperately for each query during dissemination of the query. It is constructed in such a way that during the collection of query results partial aggregation and packet merging of intermediate results can be fully utilized. Our experimental results show that our proposed method can reduce message transmissions more than 18% compared to the existing one.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2016

In this paper, an IoT system which is increasingly popular in these days is developed. Among various international standards on the area, one M2M communication protocol is used in the system. The 0neM2M-based IoT system consists of ADN-AE modules and CSE modules. The ADN-AE module provides applications of various services. It also monitors a CSE module. The CES module is a platform that provides common services which should be provided to various AEs in an IoT system. The CSE module consists of a Network Manager module, a Message Handler module, and a Resource Manager module. The Network Manager module controls oneM2M communication and data flow in the system. The Message Handler module processes transmitted messages and the Resource Manager module manages the Resource Tree. The resource tree stores information of the objects to be managed in the system. Also, internal data flow and protocol mapping in the modules are explained.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.224-232
• /
• 2004

To guarantee the reliability in multicast transmission, researches providing reliability through hierarchical control tree which is independent on data channel tree are known to provide high scalability. However, the logical control tree in transport layer constructed without topology information of the corresponding network layer tree may inefficiently use the network resources because the logical control tree is not closely related to the tree topology of the network layer. A router assisted control tree mechanism presented in this paper would improve the efficiency of the link as well as it would remove the replicated data. In addition, it requires to a router a small change which examines the message type of the control tree.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.926-938
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we proposed a new multicast algorithm which is efficiently applicable to overlapped process group environments where one process may be involved in several process groups. Unlike the esisting algorithms, the proposed one provides an efficient group communication mechanism by generating the processgroup information in two-level tree. Using this algorithm, we improved the shortcoming of the existing algorithms by reducing the overhead in passing through unnecessary processes for message ordering. We have provided the causal ordering method as well as the total ordering method in group communication environments. As a result, we allow one process to deliver message to other processes with a short delay time, and reduced the overhead required for the message ordering. Also, we logically proved the proposed causal ordering method, and compared the performance of the proposed algorithm with ones of other existing algorithms by computer simulation.