• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1999

Congestion and traffic accidents occur on the merge and diverge sections in the interchange of the freeway. Studies have been conducted to reduce the traffic delay and accidents on the merge section in the freeway since 1960s. but a study was not conducted to estimate the speed variation on the merge section construct models estimated for the speed variation and suggest the appropriate measures. The purpose of this study was to identify the traffic flow characteristics on the merge section in the freeway construct the models estimated for the speed variation on the merge section in the freeway and finally establish the appropriate measure for reduction of traffic delay and accidents on the merge section in the freeway. The following results were obtained: I) Speed variations in the urban freeway appeared to be about 3.2mph, 6.5mph and 7.4mph based on the morning peak period, afternoon peak period and 24-hours period but those in the suburban freeway appeared to be about 8.0mph, 11.1mph and 10.1mph based on the same periods respectively. So different speed reduction signs need be installed to reduce delay and accidents on the merge section in the freeway based on the areas and periods as the freeway traffic management system(FTMS). ii) These models estimated for speed variation need to be studied with the changeable message sign(CMS) technique based on the real-time data so that the traffic flow could be maximized and the traffic delay and accidents be on the merge section in the freeway as more efficient freeway traffic management system(FTMS) in the near future.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.365-387
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• 2000

One of the central and primary doctrine of the law of marine insurance is that the contract of indemnity entered into by assured and insurer is a contract of the utmost good faith. The notion of utmost good faith is a well established doctrine derived from the celebrated case of Carter v. Boehm(1766), decided long before the inception of the Marine Insurance Act(MIA). With the codification of the law, the principle found expression in sections $17{\sim}20$ of the MIA 1906. In section 17 is presented the general duty to observe the utmost good faith, with the following sections introducing particular aspects of the doctrine, namely, the duty of the assured and brokers to disclose material circumstances, and to avoid making misrepresentations. It is somewhat surprising that section 17, being a long founded doctrine, has not attracted the attention of the courts until very recently. Given that the most significant manifestations of uberrimae fidei are non-disclosure and misrepresentations, fulfillment of the obligation of utmost good faith was, not unreasonably, for a long time perceived in terms of the duty to disclose and not to misrepresent. However, Black King Shipping Corporation v. Massie, 'Litsion Pride'(1985) has clarified that the duty of disclosure stems from the duty of utmost good faith, and not vice versa. The duty of utmost good faith is an independent and overriding duty, with the ensuring sections on disclosure and representations providing mere illustrations of that duty. It is now clear that there are important questions with regard to the general doctrine and as to the nature and scope of any duty of good faith continuing after the contract of insurance is made which require separate and fuller discussion. The purpose of this paper is to review the nature and scope of the duty of utmost good faith.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.316-323
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• 1995

A vital step in magnetic tape manufacturing is the surface modification of polymer substrate prior to ink application. A critical element for good adhesion of magnetic ink on polymeric substrate is the ability to join ink in cost-effective manner. Corona discharging is one of the effective methods of modifying polymer surface to improve adhesion while maintaining the desirable properties of the film itself. Surface treatment by corona which is exposure of film surface to electron or ion bombardment, rather than mere exposure to active species, like atomic oxygen or ozone, can enhance adhesion by removing contaminant, electret, roughening surface, and/or introducing reactive chemical groups. Reactive neutrals, ions, electron and photons generated during the corona treatment interact simultaneously with polymers to alter surface chemical composition, wettability, and thus film adhesion. However, it is highly recommended that extensive chains scission be avoided because it can lead to side-effect by forming sticky matter, resulting in dropouts. This paper reviews principles of surface preparation of polymer substrate by corona discharging. In addition, the experimental section provides a description of parameter optimization on corona discharging treatment and its side-effect. Experimental results are discussed in terms of surface wetting as determined by contact angle measurements.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1069-1089
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• 2015

This paper investigates the limits and efficacies of the Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) material for strengthening mid-rise RC buildings against seismic actions. Turkey, the region of the highest seismic risk in Europe, is chosen as the case-study country, the building stock of which consists in its vast majority of mid-rise RC residential and/or commercial buildings. Strengthening with traditional methods is usually applied in most projects, as ordinary construction materials and no specialized workmanship are required. However, in cases of tight time constraints, architectural limitations, durability issues or higher demand for ductile performance, FRP material is often opted for since the most recent Turkish Earthquake Code allows engineers to employ this advanced-technology product to overcome issues of inadequate ductility or shear capacity of existing RC buildings. The paper compares strengthening of a characteristically typical mid-rise Turkish RC building by two methods, i.e., traditional column jacketing and FRP strengthening, evaluating their effectiveness with respect to the requirements of the Turkish Earthquake Code. The effect of FRP confinement is explicitly taken into account in the numerical model, unlike the common procedure followed according to which the demand on un-strengthened members is established and then mere section analyses are employed to meet the additional demands.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-33
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• 1982

The purpose of this experiment is to clarify the additional effect of antibiotics for the chicken breeding feed. This experiment was carried out with 6,560 individuals which were collected from four farms, Dugil, Hyubhoi, Sanggog and Kumsan. The duration of this experiment was 6 months from July to December in 1981. 1. Body weight and body gain. (1) The range of the body gain was 1.91-7.60% The most effective sections was T$_3$, and the effect was T$_2$, T$_4$, T$_1$, T$\sub$5/ in order. (2) The environmental sanitation of the Sanggog farm was not so good. In this farm the body gain was severely occurred in T$_3$ and T$_2$ sections. Mere gain obtained from T$\sub$5/ section. (3) The environmental sanitation was good in Dugil, Hyubhoi and Kumsan. A little body gain was occurred in these farms, but differences were shown according to the place or breeds. 2. Amount of feed intake feed conversion ratio. (1) Amount of feed intake was increased 0.13-3.19%, and feed conversion ratio was improved 1.68-4.62% compared with control. T$_3$ section showed high percent and T$_4$ T$_1$, T$\sub$5/, Is, C in order. (2) The keeping method of the chicken breed in Hyubhoi was floor brooding. From Hyubhoi and Sanggog farms, the efficiency was increased 9.4-9.8%. (3) From Dugil and Kumsan, the rate of improvement was low. 3. Mortality : Mortality was merely decreased in Sanggog and Kumsan farms which the sanitary and fowl caring conditions had been had, by additional antibiotics. But there was no worthy effect. 4. The ratio of carcass and the degree of skin coloration. The additional antibiotics in feed had no effect on the ratio of carcass but had the influence on the yellowish skin coloration. Skin coloring was good in T$\sub$7/ section and T$_1$, T$\sub$6/, T$_4$, C, T$_3$, T$\sub$5/, T$_2$ in order. 5. Economical efficiency (1) The addition of the antibiotics in feed increased 3.76-10.95% of gross earning. The highest earning was occurred in T$_4$ section and T$_3$, T$_1$, T$_2$, T$\sub$5/, C sections in order. (2) The earning rate was influenced by the antibiotic products. (3) In Dugil and Kumsan farms, there was no difference in earning, however, in Hyubhoi and Sanggog farms there was wide difference in earning. Conclusionally, the addition of antibiotics in chicken breeding feed is necessary. Especially in bad condition of environmental sanitation and floor brooding, the effect of additional antibiotics is clear. Selection of antibiotics from various kinds, maker's confidence and quality problems are important.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.48
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• pp.239-268
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• 2024

Video content is often used as a means of education due to the characteristics of the medium: representation, information delivery, immersion, and experience. In particular, religious films are being used more often in public schools and religious communities to promote understanding and inspiration. The purpose of this study is to examine how Daesoon Jinrihoe utilizes video content via the film, The Road to Peace and Harmony, and the videos that were made for the Museum of Daesoon Jinrihoe Museum. The study will also make suggestions regarding the future use of such contents. In Section 2 of this study, the status of the video contents as currently used by Daesoon Jinrihoe will be examined and analyzed in terms of how the film, The Road to Peace and Harmony, and the videos produced for the Museum of Daesoon Jinrihoe are being utilized. In Section 3, the limitations of Daesoon Jinrihoe's video contents will be considered in that these materials in terms of how these videos are only used within the religious order. There is the potential that such materials could be used in broader society. Lastly, in Section 4, it is proposed that video materials produced by Daesoon Jinrihoe could be used within multicultural religious education in a public setting beyond mere in-group religious education. Through this, it is hoped that Daesoon Jinrihoe will be able to expand as a world religion in a more timely manner than what would otherwise be achieved.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.268-273
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• 2015

While analyzing the specimens before and after the thermal shock test, we found that the power drop rate of the bare cell was 5.08%, while the power drop rate of the ribboned cell was 16.49%. In comparative terms, the efficiency was lower at the ribboned cell than at the bare cell. While analyzing through EL (Electroluminescence) shots and cross sections, we tried to decipher the exact cause of the power drop. Although mere color change of the cell was observed at the surface of the bare cell, no abnormality could be found inside the cell. On the surface of the ribboned cell, the short circuit of gridfinger extended from the front part of the front electrode of the ribboned cells. Therefore, cracks occurred on the surface of the cell. Cracks also appeared inside the cell. While analyzing the I-V curve, we determined an increase in the leakage current and an increase of resistances in series in the bare cell. In the ribboned cell, the resistances in parallel reduced remarkably. An increase of resistances in series could also be verified. Conclusively, we deduced that the power drop rate in the bare cell is a life span of the cell itself; aging is the cause of power drop rate in cells. In case of ribboned cell, the power drop rate was directly influenced by internal cracks and an intermetallic compound layer joining the ribbon at the front electrode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2018

Experiments were carried out the phenomenal observation on effect of corona treated hotmelt laminating film in process of manufacture by 2 kinds of rolling speed and electric power variatons. Surface treatment by corona which is exposure of film surface to electron of ion bombardment, rather than mere exposure to active species, like atomic oxygen or ozone, can enhance adhesion by removing contaminant, electret, roughening surface, and introducing reactive chemical group. Reactive neutrals, ions, electron and photons generated during the corona treatment interact simultaneously with polymers to alter surface chemical composition, wettability, and thus film adhesion. However, it is highly recommended that extensive chains scission is avoided because it can lead to side-effect by forming sticky matter, resulting in dropouts. This paper reviews principles of surface preparation of polypropylene substrate by corona discharging. In addition, the experimental section provides a description of parameter optimization on corona discharging treatment and its side-effect. Experimental results are discussed in terms of surface wetting as determined by contact angle and SEM measurements. When the rolling speed of the film decreased from 1.666 [m / sec] to 0.083 [m / sec], contact angle decreased from $80[^{\circ}]$ to $64[^{\circ}]$, and the wettability was greatly improved. As the supply power increased from 0.4 [kVA] to 2 [kVA] at the corona discharge surface treatment, the contact angle decreased from $77[^{\circ}]$ to $65[^{\circ}]$, and the wettability was greatly improved.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5611-5615
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• 2014

Context: Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death among adults globally, as it is in India. Despite this alarming situation, there is very minimal inclusion of tobacco in formal education systems, including the medical discipline, in India. Aims: The present study analyzed the extent of integration of tobacco control related content in Masters of Public Health (MPH) curricula of various institutes in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2011 to May 2011 in all colleges of the country offering a MPH course. The colleges were enlisted using various internet search engines (Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline), other published literature and snowball technique. A 50 items semi-structured questionnaire was designed, posted and e-mailed (followed by hard copy) to the Person-In-Charge of the MPH program. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to profile the tobacco control content in respective institutions. All data entry and analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 16) for windows. Results: The duration of the MPH course was two years in all institutes and had accreditation with some affiliated body. Tobacco related diseases were covered under 'non communicable diseases' section by every institute. However, a mere 41.4% of institute's had faculty who had received specialized training in tobacco control. More coverage was given to health risks and effects of smoking as compared to cessation interventions (5 A's), symptoms of withdrawal and pharmacological treatments. Only 25% of institutes were in process of introducing tobacco courses into their curricula. Lack of expertise and administrative barriers were cited as perceived major problems in inclusion of tobacco control in MPH curricula. Conclusions: It can be concluded that tobacco control is not receiving adequate attention in public health curricula in India. There is a need for coordinated efforts in the area of tobacco control so as to reduce morbidity and mortality from tobacco induced diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2019

Looking at recent safety accidents in buildings, most of them due to lack of FM expertise, and this is due to human resources. In each all industry areas, some companies are competitive, representational, and leading in the market through long-term expertise and research in their respective fields. In the field of FM industry, some companies offer core-competencies in internal and external innovative building management through competition with others. However, old custom and old management form still exist in the FM field. However, an old custom and old management system still exist in the FM field; it forces cost-cutting and caused by carelessness in technical development competitiveness and safety measures. The government control by safety inspection and facility inspection through legislation of building management, but the management is still weak as a side of in the facility management section due to inspect sth as a mere formality and submit a paper report. These facts exist different kind of usage of the building have a three-party encounter between a building owner, user, and FM enterprises. In this research identify survey, especially building owner (manager)'s choice perception priority for optional factors to choose FM enterprises. Based on this, FM enterprises will be forced to seek a new dimension for better building management. In this light, the purpose of the research is to shape changes in the FM market culture safely and providing better service in building management and understanding building owner's insight through this research's information.