• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1228-1233
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest a countermeasure against a major cause that leads to game addiction, by grasping tendency of the actual condition for the online game use in freshmen for university and by analyzing relationship of game addiction according to factors. As a result of analyzing on relationship among sub-variables for game addiction, it could be known that the more men in gender leads to the more serious game addiction and that the longer game time given using once leads to the higher level in control loss and game addiction. Also, it was indicated that the more in group with high risk leads to the more serious in physical and mental problem. There is a suggestion that a scale related to game is developed for the expansion in counseling institution nationwide and for the preventive education targeting all the ages including undergraduates and adults as well as small children and children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.503-506
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest a countermeasure against a major cause that leads to game addiction, by grasping tendency of the actual condition for the online game use in freshmen for university and by analyzing relationship of game addiction according to factors. As a result of analyzing on relationship among sub-variables for game addiction, it could be known that the more men in gender leads to the more serious game addiction and that the longer game time given using once leads to the higher level in control loss and game addiction. Also, it was indicated that the more in group with high risk leads to the more serious in physical and mental problem. There is a suggestion that a scale related to game is developed for the expansion in counseling institution nationwide and for the preventive education targeting all the ages including undergraduates and adults as well as small children and children.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 2021

Today, people share information and communicate with others using various information and communication media such as e-mail, smartphones, SNS, etc. However, it is being used in malicious attacks to send a large amount of illegal spam or to use it for fraud by using illegally collected personal information and devices that are vulnerable to security. Illegal spam, smishing, and fraudulent mail(SCAM) cause a lot of direct and indirect damage to companies and users, including not only social costs such as mental fatigue, but also unnecessary consumption of IT infrastructure resources and economic losses. Although there are regulations related to spam, violators of the law are still on the rise by circumventing the law, and victims are constantly occurring, so it is necessary to review what the problem is. This study examined domestic and foreign spam-related regulations and spam-related response activities, identified problems, and suggested improvement countermeasures. Through this study, it was intended to suggest directions for improving spam-related systems in order to block illegal spam and prevent fraudulent damage.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.371-408
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• 1997

This article is the reserch on actual condition of crime of arson which occurs in Korea and its countermeasures. The the presented problem in this article are that (1) we have generally very low rate concern about the crime of arson contrary to realistic problems of rapid increase of crime of arson (2) as such criminal motives became so diverse as to the economic or criminal purpose unlike characteristic and mental deficiency of old days, and to countermeasure these problems effectively it presentation the necessity of systemantic research. Based on analysis of reality of arson, the tendency of this arson in Korea in the ratio of increase is said to be higher than those in violence crime or general fire rate. and further its rate is far more greater than those of the U.S.A. and Japan. Arson is considered to be a method of using fire as crime and in case of presently residence to be the abject, it is a public offense crime which aqccompany fatality in human life. This is the well It now fact to all of us. And further in order to presentation to the crime of arson, strictness of criminal law (criminal law No, 164 and 169, and fire protection law No. 110 and 111) and classification of arsonist as felony are institutionary reinforced to punish with certainty of possibility, Therefore, as tendency of arson has been increased compared to other nations, it is necessary to supplement strategical policy to bring out overall concerns of the seriousness of risk and damage of arson, which have been resulted from the lack of understanding. In characteristics analysis of crime of arson, (1) It is now reveald that, in the past such crime rate appeared far more within the boundary of town or city areas in the past, presently increased rate of arsons in rural areas are far more than in the town or small city areas, thereby showing characteristics of crime of arson extending nation wide. (2) general timetable of arson shows that night more than day time rate, and reveald that is trait behavior in secrecy.(3) arsonists are usually arrested at site or by victim or report of third person(82,9%).Investigation activities or self surrenders rate only 11.2%. The time span of arrest is normally the same day of arson and at times it takes more than one year to arrest. This reveals its necessity to prepare for long period of time for arrest, (4) age rate of arson is in their thirties mostly as compared to homicide, robbery and adultery, and considerable numbers of arsons are in old age of over fifties. It reveals age rate is increased (5) Over half of the arsonists are below the junior high school (6) the rate of convicts by thier records is based on first offenders primarily and secondly more than 4 time convicts. This apparently shows necessity of effective correctional education policy for their social assimilation together with re-investigation of human education at the primary and secondary education system in thier life. The examples of motivation for arosnits, such as personal animosity, fury, monetary swindle, luscious purpose and other aims of destroying of proof, and other social resistance, violence including ways of threatening, beside the motives of individual defects, are diverse and arsonic suicide and specifically suicidal accompany together keenly manifested. When we take this fact with the criminal theory, it really reveals arsons of crime are increasing and its casualities are serious and a point as a way of suicide is the anomie theory of Durkheim and comensurate with the theory of that of Merton, Specifically in the arson of industrial complex, it is revealed that one with revolutionary motive or revolting motive would do the arsonic act. For the policy of prevention of arsons, professional research work in organizational cooperation for preventive activities is conducted in municipal or city wise functions in the name of Parson Taskforces and beside a variety of research institutes in federal government have been operating effectively to countermeasure in many fields of research. Franch and Sweden beside the U.S. set up a overall operation of fire prevention research funtions and have obtained very successful result. Japan also put their research likewise for countermeasure. In this research as a way of preventive fire policy, first, it is necessary to accomodate the legal preventitive activities for fire prevention in judicial side and as an administrative side, (1) precise statistic management of crime of arson (2) establishment of professional research functions or a corporate (3) improvement of system for cooperative structural team for investigation of fires and menpower organization of professional members. Secondly, social mentality in individual prospect, recognition of fires by arson and youth education of such effect, educational program for development and practical promotion. Thirdly, in view of environmental side, the ways of actual performance by programming with the establishment of cooperative advancement in local social function elements with administrative office, habitants, school facilities and newspapers measures (2) establishment of personal protection where weak menpowers are displayed in special fire prevention measures. These measures are presented for prevention of crime of arson. The control of crime and prevention shall be prepared as a means of self defence by the principle of self responsibility Specifically arsonists usually aims at the comparatively weak control of fire prevention is prevalent and it is therefore necessary to prepare individual facilities with their spontaneous management of fire prevention instead of public municipal funtures of local geverment. As Clifford L. Karchmer asserted instead of concerns about who would commit arson, what portion of area would be the target of the arson. It is effective to minister spontaveously the fire prevention measure in his facility with the consideration of characteristics of arson. On the other hand, it is necessary for the concerned personnel of local goverment and groups to distribute to the local society in timely manner for new information about the fire prevention, thus contribute to effective result of fire prevention result. In consideration of these factors, it is inevitable to never let coincide with the phemonemon of arsons in similar or mimic features as recognized that these could prevail just an epedemic as a strong imitational attitude. In processing of policy to encounter these problems, it is necessary to place priority of city policy to enhancement of overall concerns toward the definitive essense of crime of arson.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.963-975
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to call attention to the mental, physical and occupational hazards of the anticancer-drug-handling nurses by examining the possible urinary mutagenicity and measuring physical symptoms and stress level of the nurses exposed to anticancer drugs. The experimental group of the urinary mutagenicity assay was 14 nurses handling anticancer drugs at the medical wards of a hospital located in J city ; the control group was 12 psychiatric nurses of the same hospital. The test material was the nurses' 24hrs urine, which was concentrated by XAD-2 column chromatography. Tester strains were TA98(±S9 mix), TA100(±S9 mix), TA1535(±S9 mix) and TA1537(±S9 mix) ; Salmonella mammalian-microsomal test(Ames test) was employed for the urinary mutagenicity assay. The physical symptoms of which the nurses experienced were investigated through self-reports on open-questionnaires. The stress levels of the experimental group were measured by a stress measuring instrument developed by this author. Reliability of this instrument was found to be adequate (Cronbach's Alpha=0.9079). To ascertain the urinary mutagenicity of the experimental group, the mean and the standard deviation of the colonies of Tester strains appearing on the minimal plates were taken and compared differences between two groups. T-test was employed for the significance test of two groups. The physical symptoms were compared between the two groups through the analysis of the nurse' self-reports. The mean and standard deviation of the stress levels of the experimental group were also calculated and were examined through t-test. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The experimental group revealed significantly higher urinary mutagenicity both in the activation method test and the non-activation method test of the tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA1535. In the case of TA1537, two groups showed no difference in the non-activation method test, but the activation method revealed difference. 2. The physical symptoms were also much more frequently reported in the experimental group. 79.3% of the experimental group reported more than 1 kind of physical symptoms. On the other hand, 33.2% of the control group complained of 1 kind of physical symptom. The items with high symptom frequency were 'headache', 'itching sensation', 'corneal congestion', 'skin allergy' 3. The mean score of stress in the experimental group was 2.41(range 1-4). The experimental group showed the stress level above 2.0 in the 14 of 15 items in all. The highest stress level were recorded in the following items in the order quoted, 'I fear that anticancer drug may touch any part of body while handling it.', 'I feel concerned there is no protective countermeasure against anticancer drug handling.', 'I am afraid the anticancer drug handling may produce a fetal loss in the future'.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.89-115
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• 2020

Traditional deception detection methods had examined the difference of one's autonomic physiological responses through asking crime-related and crime-unrelated questions. There has been a continuing controversy regarding the accuracy and validity of the test, and thus, many researchers were motivated to explore and develop alternative efficient methods of detection in which one of them is known as P300-based Complex Trial Protocol (CTP). The P300-based CTP detects deception through comparing the P300 amplitudes between probe and irrelevant stimuli and is known as a counterstrategy of countermeasures. However, many previous studies have used countermeasures created from Rosenfeld et al.'s work (2008). The present study initially conducted a survey asking open-ended questions about the countermeasure use to acquire participant-oriented countermeasures for the main experiment. Then, the study aimed to evaluate whether the CTP can accurately detect deception even in the use of survey-based countermeasures. We firstly selected a set of participant-oriented countermeasures through survey questions. Then, a total of 50 participants were divided into three groups (innocent, guilty, and countermeasures) and performed the CTP. Those assigned to the countermeasures group covertly performed mental countermeasures during the CTP. The results of P300 amplitude analysis revealed that the guilty group's P300 amplitude of probe stimuli was significantly larger than that of irrelevant stimuli. Countermeasures group also had a significantly larger P300 amplitude for probe stimuli compared to irrelevant stimuli, even in the use of countermeasures. The results of bootstrapped amplitude difference (BAD) showed a detection accuracy rate of 81.25%, 82.35%, 82.35% for the innocent, guilty, and countermeasures groups, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the CTP can obtain a high detection rate in participant-oriented countermeasures and suggest the potential use of the CTP in the field.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2014

User authentication based on ID and PW has been widely used. As the Internet has become a growing part of people' lives, input times of ID/PW have been increased for a variety of services. People have already learned enough to perform the authentication procedure and have entered ID/PW while ones are unconscious. This is referred to as the adaptive unconscious, a set of mental processes incoming information and producing judgements and behaviors without our conscious awareness and within a second. Most people have joined up for various websites with a small number of IDs/PWs, because they relied on their memory for managing IDs/PWs. Human memory decays with the passing of time and knowledges in human memory tend to interfere with each other. For that reason, there is the potential for people to enter an invalid ID/PW. Therefore, these characteristics above mentioned regarding of user authentication with ID/PW can lead to human vulnerabilities: people use a few PWs for various websites, manage IDs/PWs depending on their memory, and enter ID/PW unconsciously. Based on the vulnerability of human factors, a variety of information leakage attacks such as phishing and pharming attacks have been increasing exponentially. In the past, information leakage attacks exploited vulnerabilities of hardware, operating system, software and so on. However, most of current attacks tend to exploit the vulnerabilities of the human factors. These attacks based on the vulnerability of the human factor are called social-engineering attacks. Recently, malicious social-engineering technique such as phishing and pharming attacks is one of the biggest security problems. Phishing is an attack of attempting to obtain valuable information such as ID/PW and pharming is an attack intended to steal personal data by redirecting a website's traffic to a fraudulent copy of a legitimate website. Screens of fraudulent copies used for both phishing and pharming attacks are almost identical to those of legitimate websites, and even the pharming can include the deceptive URL address. Therefore, without the supports of prevention and detection techniques such as vaccines and reputation system, it is difficult for users to determine intuitively whether the site is the phishing and pharming sites or legitimate site. The previous researches in terms of phishing and pharming attacks have mainly studied on technical solutions. In this paper, we focus on human behaviour when users are confronted by phishing and pharming attacks without knowing them. We conducted an attack experiment in order to find out how many IDs/PWs are leaked from pharming and phishing attack. We firstly configured the experimental settings in the same condition of phishing and pharming attacks and build a phishing site for the experiment. We then recruited 64 voluntary participants and asked them to log in our experimental site. For each participant, we conducted a questionnaire survey with regard to the experiment. Through the attack experiment and survey, we observed whether their password are leaked out when logging in the experimental phishing site, and how many different passwords are leaked among the total number of passwords of each participant. Consequently, we found out that most participants unconsciously logged in the site and the ID/PW management dependent on human memory caused the leakage of multiple passwords. The user should actively utilize repudiation systems and the service provider with online site should support prevention techniques that the user can intuitively determined whether the site is phishing.