• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.7
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• 2016

Dysmenorrhoea is the most important under diagnosed and undertreated gynaecologic disorder of all menstrual complaints. It affects 50% women of childbearing age and has a major impact on health and societal costs worldwideespecially in developing countries. Therefore, a literary exploration of traditional sources for aetiopathogenesis and clinical features of usr-i-tamth (dysmenorrhoea) were reviewed to correlate with contemporary knowledge.The traditional Unani sources viz., Al Hawi fi'l Tibb (Continens Liber),Tarjuma Kamil al-Sana'a al-Tibbiyya, Al-Qanun fi'l Tibb (Canon of Medicine), Dhakhira Khawarizam Shahi, Tibb-i-Akbar, Iksir-i-A'zam, Kitab al-Kulliyyat, and Kulliyyat-i-Qanun were reviewed. Further, recent studies in the contemporary era were also browsed on the website. The causes of usre-i-tamth as per classical sources are distemperament, uterine diseases (atresia, inflammation, amenorrhoea, cancer, prolapse, ulcer, tenuous morbid matter, and cervical obstruction), psychological disturbances, environmental factors, menstrual irregularities, obesity and young age. Recent studies also prove that obesity, psychological disturbance, menstrual irregularities, environmental factors, uterine diseases and young age lead to dysmenorrhea.Unani classical sources are very much enriched with the informative knowledge related to menstruation and uterine pain/dysmenorrhoea and recent studies in contemporary proves the same. Hence, implementation of the traditional system of medicines in present-day era may play a vital role to restore health in a holistic way.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2018

Objectives : Health literacy can affect medical results. This study aimed to detect to the modify point of health literacy assessment tools. Methods : The general Korean Medicine service procedure was recorded and categorized. The participants were in- or out-patient of Korean Medical hospital. Written informed consents were obtained. Results : A total of 20 patients participated, with nine males and eleven females. The chief complaints were pain, growth, cerebral infarction sequela, dyspepsia, diarrhea, feeling of helplessness, mental stress, postpartum symptoms, and menstrual disorder. The Korean Medicine service were categorized into collecting patient information, relationship building, and treatment. Terms used in the service embraced general medical terms and Korean Medical terms. Conclusions : The Korean-medical health literacy assessment tool should incorporate western-eastern combined treatment and Korean medical terms.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.185-191
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• 1997

Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) has been used as an analgesic and antiiflammatory agent and in the treatment of menstrual disorder in folk remedies. Cyperi Rhizomata, processed and unprocessed, were extracted with methanol and fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform. Butanol, water. The effect of unprocessed Cyperi Rhizoma and processed Cyperi Rhizoma on $CCl_4$ induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxity have been tested in rats. BuOH. Water fractions of unprocessed Cyperi Rhizome enhanced the inhibition of antilipid peroxidative effects in liver lipid. In chemical parameters obtained from serum analysis. Butanol fraction of unprocessed Cyperi Rhizoma showed significant decrease in hepatotoxicity. In result, unprocessed Cyperi rhizoma has significant antilipid peroxidative effect and hepatoprotective activity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.655-661
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• 2004

Anorexia nervosa is a serious, often chronic, and life-threatening eating disorder defined by a refusal to maintain minimal body weight (within 15% of an individual s normal weight). Other essential features of this disorder include an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and amenorrhea(absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles when they are otherwise expected to occur). With anorexia nervosa, the nails and hair become brittle, and the skin may become dry and yellow. In addition to depression, hypothermia, lanugo, nausea, vomiting, anxiety and dehydration from sweating can appear. Starvation, weight loss, and related medical complications are quite serious and can result in death. Recently one patient was admitted with anorexia nervosa-like symptoms. The patient is a 18-year-old girl with complaints of weight loss, amenorrhea, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, tremor, and sweating. After treatment through oriental medicine for 2 weeks, most of the symptoms improved. Therefore, this application of oriental medicine is reported with a plea for further investigation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the changes in stress, occupational stress, and subjective health problems of novice female nurses within the first 18 months of work. Methods: This was a longitudinal study conducted with a secondary data analysis based on the Shift Work Nurse's Health and Turnover (SWNHT) study. The participants were 178 female novice nurses who participated in all 3 data collection activities (on the first day of orientation before ward placement [T0], 6 months after work [T1], and 18 months after work [T2]). The stress, occupational stress, 8 subjective health problems (upper musculoskeletal pain, leg/foot discomfort, depression, anxiety or emotional disorder, sleep disturbance, headache, gastrointestinal disorder, menstrual disorder, and others), and the greatest health problem during the study period were measured, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 to obtain descriptive statistics. Results: The subjective health of novice female nurses were found to be poor at T1 compared to T0 on both physical (upper musculoskeletal pain, leg/foot discomfort, and sleep disturbance) and psychological health problems (depression and stress). However, the psychological health problems of the participants were alleviated at T2 whereas; physical health problems persisted until T2. Conclusion: Novice nurses had poor health problems 6 months after work. Sleep disturbance and musculoskeletal pain persisted although other health problems such as depression and stress were alleviated over the period. Strategies to prevent and manage different health problems of novice female nurses at different work duration are urgently needed.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate anti-thrombotic activities and anti-inflammatory effects of ChungyeolHaedogHwaeoTang water extract(CHHT). The results were summarized as follows. In experiment of anti-thrombotic effect; 1. CHHT inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine as compared with the control group, and inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine (inhibitory rate is 37.5%). 2. CHHT increased platelet number significantly, and also CHHT shortened PT and APTT significantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. In experiment of anti-inflammatory effect; 3. CHHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression as compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent degree, and inhibited NO production significantly at 50, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and also inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent degree as compared with the control of group in RAW 264.7 cell line. 4. CHHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice, and decreased $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in spleen tissue, and also decreased $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6 production in liver tissue, but increased TNF-${\alpha}$ production in liver tissue of acute inflammation-induced Balb/c mice. 5. CHHT increased survival rate from the 3rd day in ICR mice with lethal endotoxemia induced by LPS. These results suggest that CHHT can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by thrombosis and inflammation such as menstrual pain, menstrual disorder, leukorrhea, vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.539-542
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• 2007

After analyzing the cases of treating female patients troubled with morbid leukorrhea, the writer drew the conclusions as follows. The shapes of patients with morbid leukorrhea show a large number of shapes of Gi type, Sin type or being inclined to be vigorous Gi, to have depressive syndrome due to disorder of Gi, to be Fire's nature flared upward, to become retention of phlegm and fluid, to become retention of Gi or to become retention of heat, or San syndromes. Accompanied syndromes of morbid leukorrhea appear over the body of upper, middle or lowe portion. In lower cho, the symptoms are menopathy, menstrual irregularities, menstrual irregularities, oligomenorrhea, itching of external genitals, San syndromes, infertility, lumbago which are connected with uterus. And in the middle cho, those are indigestion, nausea, distress in the stomach, vomiting, swallowing acid connected with digestive organs. And also in the upper cho, globus hystericus, chest distress, headache, dizziness, neck stiffness, heat in the upper, pimples connected with upper cho are appeared. Among the prescriptions of treatment for morbid leukorrhea, Ijintang was applied with the widest range of all. Besides that there were mainly prescribed for symptoms such as Gamisachil-tang, Haenggihyangso-san, Gamigwibi-tang, hyangsapyeongwi-san, Onkyung-tang, Banchong-san, Yongdamsagan-tang, Sogampaedok-san, Ojeok-etc.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.49-68
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of Cheongyeoljohyeoltangkamibang water extract (CYJHT). Methods: In the study of anti-inflammatory effects. CYJHT was investigated using cultured cells and murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation. levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were determined in mouse lung fibroblast cells(mLFCs). RAW 264.7 cells and acute inflammation-induced mice. Results: 1. CYJHT showed a safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver. 2. CYJHT effected scavenging activity on 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and superoxide anion radical(SAR). 3. CYJHT in RAW 264.7 cell decreased IL-l$\beta$ mRNA expression at 100, 50 ${\mu}g$/ml and also decreased TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and decreased COX-2. NOS-II mRNA expression and decreased IL-6 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. 4. CYJHT in RAW 264.7 cell decreased IL-l$\beta$ significantly at 100, 50 ${\mu}g$/ml and decreased IL-6. TNF-$\alpha$ significantly at 100 ${\mu}g$/ml. 5. CYJHT inhibited IL-l1$\beta$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ production significantly in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice. 6. CYJHT decreased IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA production significantly in spleen tissue. and also decreased IL-l$\beta$. TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA production significantly in liver tissue of acute inflammation-induced mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that CYJHT can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by inflammation such as menstrual pain. menstrual disorder. leukorrhea. pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.32-50
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• 2008

This study is concerned with examining the causes and symptoms of Woman various diseases and clearing up the situations of pulses and their treatment. Woman various diseases are said to be various kinds of diseases including the disorder of menstruation and genitals except pregnancy and postpartum diseases. The main contents are the penetration of heat into worm, the discharge of much blood, stomachache, and the postpartum cyst diseases. Among them, the nature of the diseases which often occur in the gynecology, such as the menstrual diseases and stomachache, were described comparatively in detail. The reason why heat penetrates into the worm is that the external germs come into it under its weakness. To treat it, heat should be removed and lumping blood should be sent out of body. Especially only after whether the disease is serious or not is examined, and just after the process of the disease is examined, the lumping blood can be eliminated. The ways to cure it by sweating a patient too much, getting him or her to vomit, or forcing him or her to be urinated too much, should be avoided. The disorder of menstruation, as the disease which most often occur among the diseases of gynecology, includes menstrual irregularity and blood discharge, and non-menstruation. Among them, non-menstruation and blood discharge are comparatively often discussed. When they are treated, lumping blood and cold energy should be cured well through getting rid of the lumping blood and making the blood vessel flow well. The difficult urination after childbirth, which comes from the weak urinary cist, makes symptoms such as the stuffy chest, the difficulty of lying down, and breathing with his or her back something. To urinate better, the ability of the urinary cist should be supplemented and improved. The principle of the treatment for Woman various diseases is to examine the situation of the pulse closely, then set up the way to treat it, and prescribe a patient. In this study, besides the treatment of Chinese herb medicine, the medicine for washing genitals and the medicine placed in the worm were used to cure Woman various diseases. This treatment is the beginning of the surgical treatment in the gynecology.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.303-313
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate bone mineral density(BMD) and identify risk factors of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. Methods: The subjects consisted of 328 women. The BMD of the calcaneus were measured with peripheral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The risk factors were collected by a self-report standardized questionnaire. The differences among the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal group were compared by one way analysis of variance test, Scheffe's multiple comparison tests and Logistic regression. Results: The average age was 65 years old and the average T-score was 28.7% with osteoporosis. The Risk factors of osteoporosis were inclined by 24% in age (OR = 1.24, CI = 1.16 ~ 1.31), 53% in menarchal age (OR = 1.53, CI = 1.24 ~ 1.88), 3.5 times in vegetarian (OR = 3.52, CI = 1.66 ~ 7.47), 2 times in small-bowel disease (OR = 2.01, CI= 1.03 ~ 3.94), 5.3 times in arthritis (OR = 5.33, CI = 1.61 ~ 17.67), 5.5 times in eating disorder (OR = 5.50, CI = 1.43 ~ 21.17), 6 times in health perception (OR = 6.08, CI = 2.30 ~ 16.06). The Risk factors of osteoporosis were reduced by 10% in weight (OR = 0.90. CI = 0.83 ~ 0.97), and 10% in menopausal age (OR = 0.90. CI = 0.84 ~ 0.98). Conclusion: The risk factors of osteoporosis were in the general characteristics, menstrual history, history of disease, life style & diet, and health perception. Eating disorder and health perception are highest on the risk factor of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.