• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.82-91
• /
• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out the patterns of teenage girls who is easy to suffer from Menstrual Disorders. Methods: The data from the 1681 participants were collected using a structured menstrual history questionnaire. Based on the survey responses, we had 97 adolescents with menstrual disorder as the test group and 97 adolescents without menstrual disorder as the control group. The clinical trials subjects were asked to respond to another questionnaire for identifying Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer tests. We identified significant variables for dysmenorrhea from comparison between the test and control group; a binary response variable from the test group's responses for ever experiencing dysmenorrhea and explanatory variables from Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer. Results: The reselts of Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer test showed that the score of Energ_R, EIX_R were lower in dysmenorrhea group than the control group. The reselts of Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer test showed that the score of Energ_R, EIX_R were lower, and T4_R were higher in hypomenorrhea group than the control group. The reselts of Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer test showed that the score of Energ_R, EIX_R were lower in Irregular Menstruation group than the control group. Conclusions: Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer test showed that the score of Energ_R, EIX_R were lower in the test group than the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.190-195
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the change of energy intake, blood sugar and body composition in accordance with menstrual cycle among the women with the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) group and women with no premenstrual symptoms (NPS) group. Energy and carbohydrate intake were significantly increased in luteal and menstrual phases than follicular phase in both groups. Protein intake was significantly increased in luteal phase than follicular phase in both of groups. Fat intake was not difference in according to the menstrual phases in both groups. Weight and body water were significantly increased in luteal and menstrual phases than follicular phase in both groups. Fat mass was significantly increased in luteal phase than follicular phase in both groups. However, the differences in energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake, weight, body water and fat mass between groups were not significant. Above finding of this study showed that women's energy intake and body composition have connection with change of menstrual cycle and implied that more systematic study which affects menstrual cycle is requested.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.392-403
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To identify factors associated with menstrual distress and characterize the relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance in middle-school girls. Methods: Participants in this correlational study were 117 middle-school girls who were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2018 to April 2018 using self-reported structured questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Factors associated with menstrual distress included physiological, psychological, and situational factors based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Results: Age of menarche (${\beta}=-.28$, p<.001), amount of menstruation (${\beta}=.23$, p=.004), lifestyle-related exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (${\beta}=.21$, p=.027), and academic and peer-relationship stress (${\beta}=.19$, p=.025) influenced menstrual distress, explaining 47.4% of the variance in this regression model. The relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance was statistically significant. Sleep disturbance was increased 1.26 folds when dysmenorrhea score increased by one unit (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.01~1.58). However, parental support was not a significant moderating factor of sleep disturbance. Conclusion: This study provides basis to develop an intervention strategy to alleviate menstrual discomfort in adolescents and improve their quality of sleep.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 1996

Premenstrual symptoms can begin at anytime after menache and usually remit with menopause. Numerous studies of the premenstrual symptoms have been reported, based on mature woman and clinic patients. As yet, however, no prospective study has specially examined the extent or nature of PMS in adolescents. The authors investigated the pattern of mood, behavior and physical symptom changes in the menstrual cycle for 230 high school students who reported premenstrual symptoms by using Baily Rating form(DRF), The scores on 21 symptoms of DRF were recorded daily for at least one menstrual cycle. The results as follows : 1) 1.7%(4/230) of the subjects who reported premenstrual symptoms met criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) by 30% change criteria. 2) The pattern of symptom changes in the menstrual cycle showed a clear increase in mean daily symptom score at premenstrual -1,-2 day. and reaching a maximum scores at the first day, rapidly decreased at day 4 during menstruation. 3) The mean daily symptom score in the menstrual phase was significantly higher than those in the premenstrual and postmenstrual phase, and significantly higher in the premenstrual phase than that in postmenstrual phase. 4) The scores of the subjects with longer duration of menstrual bleeding were higher than those of the subjects with the shorter duration. Particularly in the menstrual phase, there was a significant difference on the mean scores of physical symptom duster between the longer and shorter group. These results demonstrated that the mean daily pattern of symptom changes in the menstrual cycle for the subjects was similar pattern of change for the PMDD group, except high level of symptom scores if premenstrual phase. The adolescents might experienced more physical discomfort than the other symptoms in the menstrual phase Especially the subject with longer duration of mense flow were more likely to report more discomfort than that of shorter duration.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.180-189
• /
• 2002

Purpose : This study focused on affirming of the effects of Dan-jun breathing exercise experienced by women in midlife. Method: The data were collected via direct interview from 20 participants, who participated in a Dan-Jun exercise program during three months. Collected data were analyzed by content analysis. Result : 1. As for the health problems of women in midlife before the Dan-jun exercise program, 93 items were extracted in the content analysis These items were categorized into 59 attributes and 15 higher attributes. 1) Of the 59 attributes of health problems, shoulder pain (30%) was the most dominant. 2) The 15 higher attributes consisted for the physical domain of, weakness, pain, joint stiffness, sexual problem, sleep disorder, gastro-intestinal disorder. menstrual irregularity. circulatory disorder, respiratory disorder. constipation, urinary incontinence, and for the psychological domain, anger, emptiness, depression, and anxiety. 2. As for the effects experienced by women in midlife after the Dan-jun exercise program, 169 items were extracted in the content analysis. These items were categorized into 85 attributes and 14 higher attributes. 1) Of 85 attributes, lightening of physical condition (55%) was the most dominant. 2) The higher attributes consisted in physical domain of, recovery of vigor, pain relief, menstrual regularity and improvements in flexibility. sexual problem, sleep disorder, gastro-intestinal disorder, circulatory disorder constipation, respiratory disorder and urinary incontinence, and for the psychological domain, relaxation, cultured mind and self-confidence. Conclusions : Dan-jun breathing exercise program for three months showed positive effects on physical and psychological health in women in midlife. In this context, it can be also considered as a significant nursing intervention for maintenance and promotion of the health of these women.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.18.1-18.4
• /
• 2015

Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological disorder in women of reproductive age. The prevalence of menstrual pain is relatively high and has been shown to be related to many factors like age, age at menarche, menstrual cycle regularity, parity, cigarette smoking, and dietary habits etc. This study was conducted to determine the possible link between dysmenorrhea and the factors related to it. We investigated the associated risk factors that could influence menstrual pain. This Cross Sectional Study was conducted at Dept. of OBG, NIUM, Bangalore. The study consisted of 230 women between the ages of 20 - 49 years. Included volunteers were newly married, nulliparious and parous women. The detailed reproductive history was recorded and was analyzed statistically. It was observed that there were only two factors that were influencing Dysmenorrhea namely the early age at menarche and increase parity. It was hypothesis that earlier start to reproductive life in some way decreases the sensitivity of the uterus to prostaglandin, whereas delayed menarche and postponing reproductive life increase sensitivity of the uterus to prostaglandins and cause severe menstrual pain. It is concluded that early age at menarche and high parity decrease menstrual pain.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.93-103
• /
• 2000

Objective: Stress is assumed to have many effects on menstruation of highschool senior female students, and it is expected to cause many problems and low efficiency during their studies. Therefore, through analyzing the menstruation state of highschool senior female students, the effects of stress on their menstruation and their education were studied. Methods: We made a survey of 583 senior female students of 'N' highschool located in Taegu. The survey was composed of the degrees of stress they were undergoing, menstrual problems caused by stress. Results: The survey results showed that 96.7% of the candidates were experiencing stress. 51.6% of them experienced an altered menstrual cycle, and menstrual irregularity was brought out in 32.1 % among them. 18.1 % of them were experiencing dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In sustaining period of menstruation, 17.5% of them had a shortened menstruation period, and 8.9% had a prolonged period. In case of menstrual quantity, less than normal quantity was reported by 26.9% of respondents and more than normal quantity was reported by 8.8%. 26.6% of respondents reported their menstrual blood was impure and the color was dark. Blood clots were increased in 27.5% of respondents. 86.6% went through premenstrual syndrome, and 34.3% had worsened menstrual pain. Studying was affected by menstrual pain in 83.9% of respondents. Of treating the disorder, 66.2% of them said they just waited till the pain went away, and 26.9% of them said they went to a pharmacy, and 2.4% of them said they went to an oriental medical clinic. Conclusions: From the above results, it is concluded that stress has a close connection with menstrual disorders. And it affects senior highschool female students' education, while they don't take proper treatments. Hence we think that we must have a lot of concern about senior female students and they must receive proper treatments.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.421-429
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the change in the girth of anthropometric variables during menstrual cycle, and to provide basal data for health promotion program development during pre-menstrual phase and menstrual phase. Participants were 10 healthy women university students without menstrual irregularity, subjective premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, dymenorrhea, obstetrician and gynecologic disease. Chest girth(axillary and papillary), waist girth(half point between iliac crest and 12th rib, and navel), and hip girth were repeatedly measured in menstrual phase, follicular phase, luteal phase during single menstrual cycle. As a result, axillary chest girth in menstrual phase was significantly increased than that in luteal phase. Papillary chest girth and waist girth at half point between iliac crest and 12th rib in menstrual phase were significantly increased than those in follicular phase. No significance was shown in chest and waist girth between follicular and luteal phase. No significance was shown in hip girth during menstrual cycle. In conclusion, signicant difference was shown in chest and waist girth during menstrual cycle. And it is suggested that succeeding research should be carried out with reference to body weight, body fat, blood and local hormone concentration during menstrual cycle.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.188-192
• /
• 1994

The author reports a 32 years old female patient with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder who received evening bright light treatment for 7 consecutive days during the late luteal phase of menstrual cycle. After the treatment, beneficial clinical effects were observed. This result suggests that bright light can be an alternative treatment for LLPDD. However, the placebo effects should be ruled out completely. Further controlled studies with more patients will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.52-62
• /
• 1997

This study was designed to determine the frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in gynecological outpatients, and also attempted to compare premenstrual change characteristics, functional impairment due to premenstrual changes and frequency of risk factors reported by women with confirmed premenstrual changes$(PMC^+)$(n=17) and those without confirmed premenstrual changes$(PMC^-)$(n=23). Forty gynecological outpatients who complained of premenstrual discomforts were asked to complete questionnaires on menstrual history, obstetric-gynecological history, and premenstrual change and functional impairment. The women were also asked to complete a daily rating form based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for one menstrual cycle. Absolute severity method, effect size method and percent change method were used to assess changes between follicular phase and luteal phase. The results of the study were as follows: 1) The frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder according to each of the three methods was 5% for the absolute severity method, 15% for the effect size method, and 27.5% for the percent change method. 2) The frequently reported symptoms were as follow: physical symptoms(64.7%) : lethargy, easy fatigability, or marked lack of energy(41.2%) : decreased interest in usual activities(29.4%) ; and marked affective lability(23.5%). 3) There were no significant differences in onset ages of premenstrual changes, regularities of premenstrual changes and changes of severity and duration of premenstrual symptoms over time between women with and without confirmed premenstrual changes. However, women with confirmed premenstrual changes reported both physical and emotional symptoms as earliest symptoms most frequently, while women without confirmed premenstrual changes reported only physical symptoms most frequently. 4) functional impairment was significantly higher in women with confirmed premenstrual changes than those without confirmed premenstrual changes, but impairment was not severe. 5) No differences were found between women with and without confirmed premenstrual changes in risk factors including demographic data, menstrual and obstetric and gynecological history. These results suggest that the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder varies with scoring methods. The women with confirmed premenstrual changes reported physical symptoms most frequently(64.7%). functional impairment was significantly higher in women with confirmed premenstrual changes, but impairment was not severe.