• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.322-326
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• 1998

In order to evaluate menopausal syndrome objectively, examinations were performed as follows: 1) Simplified Menopausal Index (SMI Koyama) and QOL questionnaire (Nagata) were examined subjectively. 2) Urine 17-KS-5 (S Nishikaze), 17-OHCS (OH) were examined objectively. 3) A mobile telemedical device with EKG and KSG was lent to Patients. The subjects were 48 menopausal patients who visited our university hospital as outpatients. According to the results of 5, OH, the subjects were divided into 4 Groups; Group I is high S & high OH, Group ll low S & low OH, Group 111 is low S & high OH, Group tl is high S & low OH. Group IH was the largest (64.6%), Group of was none. The subjects showed significantly lower QOL condition and higher score of SMI. In the QOL, questionnaire items of fixation to physical status (psychogenic reaction), sleep (insomnia), pain(chronic pain) were in common. In SMI, functional vascular symptoms were the largest number. On treatment, Group I was considered to have no need for supplementary agents, but anti-Oketsu agents was prescribed. For Group ll and in some supplementary agents such as red ginseng were prescribed, because they showed low 5. In conclusion, all the groups showed a sign- nificant improvement of QOL and SMI. Group I showed a decrease of OH, Group ll showed an increase of 5, Group In showed an increase of S and SIOH and a decrease of OH. These phenomena were considered prohomeostatic. In QOL, the items of chronic pain, insomnia and appetite were improved. In SMI, chillness, dyspnea, palpitation, pain and fatigability were improved. In mobile tole-medical device, abnormal findings were found in 88.2% of patients. General sdaptation syndrome (Selye, H.) is considered to adjust human life. Menopause is the transit period to exhausted stage in it. So its symptoms vary from person to person. In conclusion, 5 and OH are useful both for classification of menopausal syndrome and for determining treatments according to the classification

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2015

목 적: 상열감과 발한과다는 갱년기 증후군의 대표적 증상이다. 본 연구에서는 약침을 이용한 수화조절법을 사용하여 갱년기 증후군 환자의 상열감과 발한과다 증상 감소에 유의한 효과를 얻어 이를 보고하고자 한다. 방 법: 황련해독탕 약침을 양측 견정(GB21), 풍지(GB20) 혈에 각각 0.1 cc씩 총 0.4 cc를 주입하고, BUM(웅담, 우황, 사향)약침은 전중(CV17), 중완(CV12), 기해(CV16)혈에 각각 0.05cc씩 총 0.15cc를 주입한다. 시술은 매일 시행하였으며, 증상에 관하여 상열감점수(Hot flush score), 발한에 대한 Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) 및 발한 부위를 기록하여 증상변화 정도를 평가하였다. 결 과: 1번 증례는 약침 수화조절법 시행 후 상열감점수는 24에서 4로, 발한에 관한 VAS는 7에서 2로 감소하였다. 상열감 및 발한과다 증상의 감소와 더불어 손발이 화끈거리는 증상도 함께 감소되었다.2번 증례는 약침 수화조절법 시행 후 상열감점수가 28에서 2로, 발한에 관한 VAS는 10에서 3으로 감소하였다. 상열감 및 발한과다 증상의 감소와 더불어 불안, 우울, 분노 증의 정서적 증상도 70%정도 감소하였다.3번 증례는 약침 수화조절법 시행 후 상열감점수가 8에서 1로, 발한에 관한 VAS는 6에서 1로 감소하였다. 상열감 및 발한과다 증상의 감소와 더불어 두통, 가슴 답답함 등의 증상도 함께 소실되었다.모든 증례에서 발한 부위의 변화는 없었다. 결 론: 본 증례에서 약침을 이용한 수화조절법은 갱년기 상열감과 발한과다 증상을 감소시키는 효과가 있었으며 부가적으로 호소하던 증상도 감소하거나 소실되는 효과가 있었다. 그러므로 약침을 이용한 수화조절법은 상열감과 발한과다를 호소하는 갱년기 증후군 환자에게 효과적인 치료법이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2005

소요산(逍遙散) 약침(藥針)이 흰쥐의 갱년기(更年期) 우울증(憂鬱症) 및 stress모델의 인지, 학습 및 기억장애와 불안행동에 미치는 효능(效能)을 파악하기 위하여 행동실험 학적 검사와 면역조직화학적 검사를 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Morris water maze의 학습검사결과 Soyo-san군(群)의 경우, 시간단축이 현저하게 나타나서 제 6일째 $24.69{\pm}8.48$초로 측정되어 Ovx군(群)에 대해 유의성 있는 인지 및 학습력을 보였다. 2. Morris water maze의 기억검사결과 Soyo-san군(群)이 $3.38{\pm}0.82$로 Sham군(群)과 Ovx군(群)에 대해 머문 시간이 유의성있게 증가하였다. 3. Ventral tegmental area의 TH의 발현정도는 Normal군(群)이 $9.14{\pm}0.50$, Sham군(群)은 $9.00{\pm}0.29$, Ovx군(群)은 $10.81{\pm}0.63$, Soyo-san군(群)은 $8.19{\pm}0.42$로 나타났는데 Soyo-san군(群)이 Ovx에 대해 유의성있게 감소하였다. 4. Hippocampus의 CAI부위에서는 ChAT 발현 정도에서 Soyo-san군(群)이 On군(群)에 대해서 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과를 종합하면 소요산(逍遙散) 약침(藥針)이 난소 적출 흰쥐의 stress모델의 인지, 학습 및 기억장애를 호전시키는 것으로 나타났으며 이는 갱년기(更年期) 여성(女性)의 우울증(憂鬱症) 및 stress 반응에 대한 적절한 치료제로서 가능하리라 사료된다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2009

미국 정신 의학회 에서는 화병(火病, hwa-byung)이 우리 민족에게서만 나타나는 정신질환으로 한국문화 특유의 분노증후군이라고 등재하였다. 이처럼 우리 민족의 문화에서 파생된 화병은 남성보다는 여성에게 월등하게 나타나며, 특히 중년여성들이 주로 경험하게 된다. 이런 중년여성에게 나타나는 화병의 원인은 우리 민족의 유교문화에서의 전통적인 가족구조로 인해 나타난다. 또한 화병이 중년여성에게 나타나는 이유는 중년여성의 우리 사회에서 잘못 인식된 위치로 인해 자신의 억울하고 화나는 마음을 다스리는 능력의 부족이 나타나는 사회 심리적 원인이 있으며, 자녀의 독립으로 인한 가정 내에서의 역할상실과 중년여성에게 나타나는 생리적 변화인 폐경으로 여성다움의 상실로 인한 우울증과 스트레스도 화병이 주로 중년여성에게 나타나는 원인이 되는 것이다. 그래서 본 연구를 통해 중년여성의 화병으로 인한 부정적인 감정들을 사이코드라마를 활용하여 안전하게 표출함으로써 감정 정화의 과정을 경험하고, 감정의 정화를 통해 긍정적인 정서를 고취시킴으로 화병으로 인한 증상들을 완화시키며, 개인이 아닌 집단 차원에서 공감대를 형성하고 감정과 생각을 나눔으로 자기이해와 보편성을 갖게 하고, 역할연기와 역할교대를 통한 역할 균형과 확장으로 현실에서의 적절한 역할을 찾는 기회를 제공하고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7485-7489
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women throughout the world. However, in comparison with Western women, it presents relatively early in women of Asian ethnicity. Early menarche, late menopause, use of OCP's, family history of benign or malignant breast disease, exposure to radiation and BMI in the under-weight range are well known risk factors for the development of breast cancer in premenopausal women. Early detection with the use of breast self-examination (BSE) and breast cancer screening programs can lead to a reduction in the mortality rates due to breast cancer. The aim of our study was to assess the risk factors for breast cancer among young women and to emphasize the importance of early screening among them. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among women aged 18 to 25 using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected over a period of 6 months from June to December, 2014. A total of 300 young women selected randomly from Dow Medical College and various departments of Karachi University successfully completed the survey. Results: Respondents were 18-25 years of age (mean age=21.5). Out of the 300 young females, 90 (30%) had at least one risk factor, 90 (30%) had two, 40 (13%) had three, 8 (2.7%) had four, 2 (0.7%) had five while one female was found to have six positive risk factors for breast cancer. Some 66 women (22%) experienced symptoms of breast cancer such as non-cyclical pain and lumps. While 222 women (74%) had never performed breast self-examination, 22 (7.3%) had had a breast examination done by a health professional while 32 (10.7%) had participated in breast screening programs. A total of 223 (74.3%) women considered breast cancer screening important for young women. Conclusions: The percentage of young women with risk factors for breast cancer was found to be alarmingly high. Therefore, screening for breast cancer should start at an early age especially in high risk groups. Awareness about breast self-examination should be emphasized. Moreover, screening programs should be started to ensure early detection and reduction of mortality rates caused by breast cancer also in young Pakistani females.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7467-7472
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is known to be one of the most prevalent cancers among women in both developing and developed countries. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan has increased dramatically within the last few years and is the second country after Israel in Asia to have highest proportional cases of breast cancer. However, there are limited data for breast cancer available in the literature from Pakistan. Objectives: The study was conducted to bring to light the common clinical presentation of breast cancer and to evaluate the frequency of established risk factors in breast carcinoma patients and furthermore to compare the findings between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A 6 months (from July 2012 to Dec 2012) cross sectional survey was conducted in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. Data were collected though a well developed questionnaire from 105 female patients diagnosed with carcinoma of breast and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Institutional ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Results: Out of 105 patients, 43 were premenopausal and 62 were postmenopausal, 99 being married. Mean age at diagnosis was $47.8{\pm}12.4years$. A painless lump was the most frequent symptom, notived by 77.1%(n=81). Some 55.2% (n=58) patients had a lump in the right breast and 44.8%(n=47) in the left breast. In the majority of cases, the lump was present in upper outer quadrant 41.9% (n=44). Mean period of delay from appearance of symptoms to consulting a doctor was $5.13{\pm}4.8months$, from the shortest 1 month to the longest 36 months. Long delay (> 3 months) was the most frequent figure 41.9%. Considering overall risk factors most frequent were first pregnancy after 20 years of age (41%), physical breast trauma (28.6%), lack of breast feeding(21.9%), and early menarche <11 years (19%), followed by null parity (16.2%), consumption of high fat diet (15.2%), family history of breast cancer or any other cancer in first degree relatives (9.5% and 13.3%, respectively). Some of the less common factors were late menopause >54 years (8.6%), use of oral contraceptive pills (10.5%), use of hormone replacement therapy (4.7%),smoking (4.7%) and radiation (0.96%). Significant differences (p<0.005) were observed between pre and post menopausal women regarding history of physical breast trauma, practice of breast feeding and parity. Conclusions: A painless lump was the most frequent clinical presentation noted. Overall age at first child > 20 years, physical breast trauma, lack of breast feeding, early menarche <11 were the most frequent risk factors. Physical breast trauma, lower parity, a trend for less breast feeding had more significant associations with pre-menopausal than post-menopausal onset. Increase opportunity of disease prevention can be obtained through better understanding of clinical presentation and risk factors important in the etiology of breast cancer.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2008

Theosteoporosis, which is occurred after menopause, is a kind of metabolic bone disorder. It develops when the bone mass begins to decrease radically and its main symptoms are the bone fracture and the height-shortening. This thesis aims at what effects the Phlomis umbrosa will have for the prevention of the osteoporosis in the SD-rat that is caused by the ovariectomy. The 24 female white rats, after their ovaries are removed, were divided into the Normals, the Control group, Phlomis umbrosa Administrated group. After then, for 8 weeks, D.W to the normals and the control, and the Phlomis umbrosa(46 mg/100 g) to the Phlomis umbrosa group were given in the mouths of them. After 8 weeks the rats were sacrificed. And the weight, albumin, AST, ALT, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, P, Ca, T4, estradiol, the weight of the femur, the amount of tibia ash, the area of trabecular bone, the thickness of trabecular bone were measured. The serum analysis shows that the total cholesterol of the Phlomis umbrosa Administrated group reduced remarkably, compared to that of the control group. AST, ALT, ALP, T4 of Phlomis umbrosa group were decreased, but not in distinct measure. Estradiol of Phlomis umbrosa group increased substantially compared to that of the control group, but albumin, triglyceride, Phosphorous, calcium of the group showed the tendency to increase, but not so remarkably. The histological observation shows that the area and the thickness of (trabecular bone), the number of osteoclast of the Phlomis umbrosa groups increased significantly compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: The above experiment shows that Phlomis umbrosa has the prevention effect by supplying estradiol.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Objectives: Osteoporosis, which occurs after menopause, is a kind of metabolic bone disorder. It develops when the bone mass begins to decrease radically, and its main symptoms are bone fracture and height-shortening. This thesis aims at what effects the Cuscutae Semen Extract(CSE) has on the prevention of osteoporosis in SD-rat that is caused by ovariectomy. Methods: The 24 female white rats, after removing their ovaries, were divided into the Normals, the Control group, and the CSE administrated group. For the next 8 weeks, distilled water to the normals and the control, and the CSE(45.9 mg/100 g) to the CSE administrated group were given in the mouths of them. After 8 weeks the rats were sacrificed. Weight, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, phosphorus, calcium, tetraiodothyronine, estradiol, the weight of the femur, the amount of tibia ash, the area of trabecular bone, and the thickness of trabecular bone were measured. Results: The serum analysis shows that the calcium and phosphorous of the CSE administrated group significantly increased compared to that of the control group. Aspartate aminotransferase, alkalinephosphatase, total cholesterol, tetraiodothyronine of CSE group were decreased, but not so significant. Albumin, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride and estradiol of the group showed the tendency to increase, but the significance wasn't admitted. Regarding the variation of bone, the femur weight and the ash content of tibia, CSE group was more increased than the control group but the significance wasn't admitted. The histological observation shows that the trabecular thickness was more increased than the control group, and trabecular area increased significantly compared to those of the control group. The number of osteoclast and osteoblast area of the CSE groups decreased significantly compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: From the result of the above study, CSE should be effective for the osteoporosis cure and precaution and deeper study through bedside and clinical demonstration is much needed from now on.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2021

중년여성은 갱년기와 노화, 과다한 역할로 인해 다양한 심리적·신체적 스트레스로 긴장을 경험하며, 이것이 수면장애로 이어지는 경우가 많다. 그러나 이와 연관된 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 수면장애를 경험하는 중년여성이 건강을 도모할 수 있도록 긴장이완을 돕는 싱잉볼의 효과성에 대한 연구 필요성이 제기된다. 이에 본 연구는 2019년 2월부터 2020년 4월까지 수면장애의 어려움을 호소하는 중년여성 중 피츠버그 수면의 질 평가 측정점수가 5점 이상인 4명을 선정하여 싱잉볼 체험을 40분 실시하고 심층 인터뷰 내용을 토대로 한 Giorgi의 현상학적 연구방법으로 진행하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 도출한 결론은 다음과 같다. 연구 결과 참여자들의 싱잉볼 체험을 통해 518개의 구성의미와 15개의 의미단위, 7개의 하위요소, 2개의 주제군을 도출해 내었다. 첫째, 싱잉볼 경험 시 신체적 경험으로는 통증과 이완 경험, 심리적 경험으로는 마음이완과 긍정심리 경험, 심상적 경험으로는 이미지와 색깔 경험을 하였다. 둘째, 싱잉볼 경험 이후 연구 참여자들이 느낀 신체적 변화는 신체이완, 신체증상, 신체활력 증가였으며 심리적 변화는 불안감소, 유쾌함과 긍정심리 증가였다. 행동적 변화는 행동 느긋해짐, 활동량의 증가였고 수면변화로 인한 수면개선의 효과가 두드러지게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 싱잉볼은 수면장애를 경험하는 중년여성의 긴장이완에 심리적·신체적으로 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 확인하였고, 스트레스와 긴장으로 인한 수면장애로 고통 받는 중년여성들과 현대인들에게 유용한 도구인 싱잉볼을 활용하여 양질의 삶을 살아가도록 돕는데 그 의의를 둔다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2023

노화에 따른 난소 기능 저하와 성호르몬 생성 감소는 호르몬 결핍을 유발하여 여성의 갱년기를 유발한다. 여성 갱년기 증상 개선을 목적으로 에스트로겐 유사 물질이 함유된 천연물을 연구하였다. 본 연구는 난소 적출술을 받은 쥐를 대상으로 Gastrodia elata Blume 추출물(TVB-1000)의 효능을 평가하였다. 난소 적출 수술을 한뒤 7일의 회복 기간 후 TVB-1000 처리군에게 16, 40, 100 mg/kg을 12주 동안 경구 투여하였다. OVX 양성 대조군에는 17β-estradiol을 10 ㎍/kg의 용량으로 쥐의 등 부위에 피하 주사하였다. 그 결과 TVB-1000 처리군에서 심혈관질환 지표인 TG와 LDL-C가 모든 농도에서 유의하게 감소했다. LDL-C/HDLC 비는 TVB-1000 투여군 중 Medium, High군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 TVB-1000 고농도 처리군에서 복부지방 무게가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. ER- α의 발현량은 저농도 및 중농도 투여군에서 통계적 유의성을 보이며 증가하였으나 ER-β는 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 실험을 통해 TVB-1000은 에스트로겐 유사 효과로 인해 갱년기 증상 중 하나인 심혈관계 질환을 예방하는 기능성 식품 소재로써 유용할 수 있음을 보여준다.