• 정신신체의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 1996

최근 호르몬 대치요법으로 갱년기 증상들만 없어질 뿐 아니라 심장질환, 골다공증 등의 예방은 물론이고 젊음의 유지 및 삶의 질이 높아지자 산부인과 의사는 물론이고 정신과 의사들도 갱년기 증상에 대해서 다시 더 많은 관심을 갖게 되었다. 그리하여 저자는 일반 정신과 의사들이 갱년기 증상을 이해하는데 도움을 주기 위하여 갱년기 증상중 정신과와 관련이 있는 열성홍조와 갱년기 우울증을 중심으로 다음과 같은 몇 가지 점을 문헌고찰을 통하여 재검토하였다. 갱년기 및 폐경기의 정의. 갱년기의 생리(난소의 노화, 주간 율동의 변화, 초일주기 율동의 변화, 시신경교차 상부핵의 일주기 율동의 변화), 혈관운동성 홍조(정의와 병태생리, 원인, 진단, 치료), 갱년기 우울증(정의, 원인, 치료) 등을 재고찰하여 보았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3091-3096
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• 2015

Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm and the second most common cause of cancer death in women. This malignancy is recognized to be estrogen-dependent and due to this feature, hormone replacement therapy is regarded as potentially dangerous in breast cancer survivors who seek relief of their menopausal symptoms. Whereas hot flashes are detected in nearly half of postmenopausal women with a relatively high frequency and severity, botanic sources of estrogens have been proposed as an alternative treatment. Nevertheless, estrogenic properties of these compounds suggest possibility of stimulating cancer recurrence or worsening prognosis in survivors. As well, effects in improving vasomotor climacteric changes is controversial. Many studies have considered the subject, some focusing on efficacy of phytoestrogens for control of menopausal symptoms, and others discussing effects of these compounds on breast cancer outcome in terms of survival or recurrence. The present article is a concise review of the effects of consumption of phytoestrogens on menopausal symptoms, namely hot flashes, and breast cancer recurrence and mortality in survivors of the disease. Overall, the major part of the current existing literature is in favor of positive effects of phytoestrogens on breast cancer prognosis, but the efficacy on menopausal symptoms is probably minimal at the best.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women using data from the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5,482 postmenopausal women aged 45~75 years were included as study subjects in the final analysis. The HRT group comprised 1,035 postmenopausal women who had received HRT for at least one month, and the non-HRT group comprised 4,447 postmenopausal women who did not receive HRT. The chi-square test was used to confirm the bivariate relationship between the variables. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for covariance (age, education, family income, body mass index, age of menopause, alcohol, smoking, dental visit <1 per year, use of oral care products, and frequency of tooth brushing per day). After adjusting for all covariates, HRT was found to be associated with periodontal disease. In particular, the relationship between HRT and periodontal disease was more evident in older women and women younger than 45 years of menopausal age. The relationship between HRT and periodontal disease was stronger in women who brushed their teeth less than 3 times per day, women without regular oral examination, and women who did not use oral hygiene products. The results of this study confirmed the importance of actively considering hormone therapy when determining policy recommendations for postmenopausal women. Especially, health programs such as HRT, regular dental examination, and oral care are needed for older women who have undergone premature menopause.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.96-99
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• 2002

Menopause, the cessation of menstruation caused by the decline in estrogen production, occurs in 95% of women between 40 and 60 years. Sleep disturbance is a frequent complaint during the perimenopause period. In contrast to premenopausla women, menopausal women experience more reduction in the total sleep hours and report more sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, noctiria and sleep disordered breathing. But the prevalence, etiology and treatment of sleep disturbances in menopause are still controversal. So further investigations are required to elucidate the factors that account for the differences in sleep disturbance between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. There are suggestive data that estrogen and progesterone deficiency may increase the susceptibility for sleep disorder in menopause. Furthermore, there are suggestive evidence from observational studies and a limited number of randomized, controlled trials that hormone replacement therapy after menopause improves sleep. However, the clinical relevance of hormone replacement therapy is unproved. So the overall benefit of hormonal replacement in postmenopausal women with sleep related disorders should be individualized to avoid potential side effects. Several studies evaluated the role of melatonin, because this hormone has effects on core body temperature & insomnia. But the exact dosage and the effects of long-term use of melatonin are unclear. So, caution is indicated in melatonin administration.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause, menopausal management, in middle-aged women. The subjects of this study were 209 women from 40 to 64 years of age. The data was analyzed using SPSS program for t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The characteristic variables significantly related to self reported climacteric symptoms were education(F=6.371, p<0.001), income (F=4.481, p<0.05), mensturation state(t=-2.004, p<0.05), mensturation cycle(t=-2.039, p<0.05), hormone therapy(t=2.107, p<0.05), health condition(F=21.111, p<0.001). 2. The characteristic variables significantly related to knowledge of menopause were education(F=6.580, p<0.001), health condition (F=3.487, p<0.05). 3. The characteristic variable significantly related to menopausal management was income(F=3.080, p<0.05). 4. The relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms and menopausal management was statistically significant with a negative correlation(r=-0.323, p<0.05). In conclusion, climacteric symptoms - based complaints by middle-aged women was negatively correlated to menopausal management. Therefore, health promotions designed to increase climacteric women's health should be a planned program based on results of the study.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2011

Objectives: To understand relations general characteristics, lifestyle habits including smoking, alcohol habit, exercise, eating habit and menopausal symptoms measurement indicators during treatment for hot flush in menopausal women. Methods: The participants were 159 women (45~60 yr) who were not currently on hormone therapy, and had reached hot flash scores of 10 or higher. The evaluating indexes of this trial are hot flush score, hot flush visual analogue scale(VAS), Hot flush consistence time, sweating visual analogue scale(VAS), Menopause Rating Scale(MRS), Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL), Kupperman's Index. Results: 1. When the participants divided according to body mass index(BMI), overweight group showed a high score in all indicators. Therefore, obesity can aggravate the symptoms of menopause. 2. When the participants divided according to drinking habits, Hot flush consistence time of non-alcohol group showed a statistically significant difference. However, the sample size is uneven. Additional studies will be needed. 3. When the participants divided according to eating habits, Hot flush consistence time of regular group showed a statistically significant difference. However, the sample size uneven. Additional studies will be needed. 4. When the participants was divided depending on whether exercise, non-exercise group showed a high score in all indicators. Thus, exercise will be able to improve menopausal symptoms. Conclusions: Improvement of obesity and exercise will be able to improve menopausal symptoms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.937-940
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• 2012

Due to lack of sufficient data on characteristics of breast cancer patients and risk factors for developing metastasis in Iran this study was designed to understand clinical aspects impacting on survival. A cross-sectional study on breast cancer patients was conducted in an oncology clinic of the university hospital between 1995 and 2010. Data were retrieved from medical records and included age, menopausal status, tumor diameter, number of involved nodes, histopathological type, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, c-erbB-2, primary and secondary metastasis sites, overall survival, disease free interval and type of chemotherapy protocol. The results were analyzed with SPSS 13 software. The mean age of the patients was 49.2 (27-89) years. The primary tumors were mainly ER positive (48%) and PR negative (49.3%). The status of lymph nodes dissected and examined in these patients was unknown in 19 patients (25.3%) while 18 patients (24%) had positive lymph nodes with no report on the number of involved nodes. All of the patients had received antracyclin based chemotherapy in an adjuvant or metastatic setting. Adjuvant hormonal therapy was administered to receptor positive patients. In average, overall survival after recurrence was 30 months (95%CI 24.605-35.325) for non-skeletal versus 42 months (95%CI 31.211-52.789) for skeletal metastasis (P= 0.002). The median survival was also greater for receptor positive patients; 39 months (95%CI 33.716-44.284) for PR+ versus 26 months (95%CI 19.210-32.790) for PR- (P=0.047) and 38 months (95%CI 32.908-43.092) for ER+ versus 27 months (95%CI 18.780-35.220) for ER- patients (P=0.016). No relation was found between site of first metastasis and hormone receptor, age, tumor diameter, DFI and menopausal status. Sites of metastasis were independent of age, size of the tumor, menopausal and hormone receptor status in this study. Overall survival provided significant relations with respect to receptor status and bone metastasis.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review clinical studies of herb medicine and acupuncture treatment on obesity in menopausal women. Methods: Key words "Obesity", "Menopause", "Herb medicine", "Acupuncture", "Moxibustion", "Catgut embedding" were searched on 9 database systems (PubMed Central, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, Embase, China Academic Journals, Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Studies Information Service System, National Digital Science Library, DBpia) on April 30th 2019. Results: 1 case report and 17 clinical trials were collected in accordance with the selection and exclusion criteria. Among the 17 trials, 6 were randomized controlled trials, 1 was controlled clinical trial, and 10 were single-arm trials. The types of intervention were herb medicine, electroacupuncture, acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, warm needle acupuncture, moxibustion, laser acupuncture, and catgut embedding. The study design, study results and method of intervention were analyzed. Conclusions: 1 case report described the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture, 4 trials described the effectiveness of herbal medicine, 2 of electroacupuncture, 1 of laser acupuncture, and 2 of catgut embedding. Among the 17 trials, 2 studies showed that herbal medicine treatment was more effective than no treatment or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and 1 study showed that electroacupuncture was more effective than hormone therapy. All of 18 selected studies reported the effectiveness of weight reduction and abdominal obesity reduction after the traditional Korean medicine treatment for obesity in menopausal women.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) consists of highly effective prescription medications for treating menopausal symptoms; however, these agents have exhibited side effects including the risk of estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. Therefore, interest in phytotherapy-based materials as a natural source of alternatives to estrogen therapy has increased. However, some of these herbal medicines have been reported to increase the risk of estrogen-induced cancer. Herbal formulations composed of a combination of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley (CW), Phlomis umbrosa Turczaninow (PU), and Angelica gigas Nakai (AG) extracts (CPAE) have been used for treating menopausal symptoms. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the safety of CPAE by determining its potential adverse estrogenic activity using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline 455 (TG455) in a stably transfected transcriptionally activated human estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ ($hER{\alpha}$)-HeLa9903 cell model. We found that CPAE did not how any estrogenic activity or stimulate promoters containing estrogen response elements in MCF-7 cells. In addition, CPAE showed no significant selective activity against $hER{\alpha}$ and $hER{\beta}$, non-selective activity against the ER, or effects on ER target gene expression. Furthermore, CPAE did not significantly induce MCF-7 cell proliferation and uterine weight increase in ovariectomized rats. These results demonstrate that CPAE can be used as beneficial herbal drug for prevention and therapeutic intervention of estrogen carcinogenesis in menopausal women.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1996

저자들은 1994년 3월부터 1995년 10월까지 중앙대학교 부속병원 폐경기 클리닉에 내원했었던 환자중 폐경군 83명과 대조군 73명을 BDI, STAI로써 우울과 불안정도를 측정하였고, 혈중 E2, LH, FSH 수치를 측정하여 결과는 다음과 같았다. 폐경 여성의 평균 연령은 45.3세였으며 BDI와 STAI 점수 비교에서 폐경군이 대조군에 비해 유의(p<0.01)하게 높아 폐경군이 더 높은 우울 및 불안 성향을 보였으나 폐경 여성이 불안 및 우울감을 더 유발한다는 가설을 뒷받침 하지는 못하였다. 혈중 호르몬의 비교에서 대조군과 폐경군간에 E2치와 FSH치에서 양군간에 유의한 차이(p<0.01)가 있었다. 그리고 대조군에서 STAI, BDI 접수와 호르몬간의 상관관계에서 유의한 상관관계는 없었으며 폐경군에서도 STAI, BDI 접수와 호르몬간의 상관관계에서 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 즉 폐경기 호르몬의 상태와 우울 및 불안과의 상관관계는 없었다. 폐경기의 심리적 장애의 원인을 생물학적, 사회문화적, 또는 심리적 요인 중 단일 요인으로 성명하기보다 상호 복합적으로 규명해야 하겠다.