• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2024

A 10-year-old, spayed female Maltese dog was tentatively diagnosed with granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) on magnetic resonance imaging. The meningoencephalitis was classified as aseptic GME because cerebral fluid analysis did not reveal an infectious aetiology. Two months after leflunomide treatment (Arava; Sanofi; 4 mg/kg/day), the patient developed non-regenerative, macrocytic, and normochromic anemia. As the patient's anaemia began after the administration of leflunomide, and other differentials for anaemia had been ruled out, the leflunomide was determined to be the cause and this treatment ended. After 15 days, the anaemia resolved spontaneously. This is the first report of reversible aplastic anaemia following treatment with leflunomide in a canine patient with GME.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.453-458
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• 2020

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by a high serum concentration of antithyroid antibodies without evidence of cerebral disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in HE patients are nonspecific, although diffuse or focal white matter changes have been reported in several cases. We present a rare case involving a 79-year-old woman with elevated antithyroid antibody levels and abnormal imaging findings similar to meningoencephalitis. Serial MRI initially showed multiple T2 hyperintense lesions with diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement that disappeared after steroid therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 1999

A dead marten(Martes melampus) showing cough, ataxia and convulsion of hind limb followed by seizures, was submitted for diagnosis to the Pathology Division of the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service. In the gross lesions, lung was congested and consolidated and meningeal blood vessels were mildly congested. Histopathologic findings were diffuse interstitial pneumonia and nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis with malacia of cerebral and cerebellar white matter. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were observed in neurons and astrocytes and oligodendroglial cells of brain and transitional epithelium of kidney. Using FA test and PCR method, specific antigens of canine distemper virus were demonstrated in the brain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2012

A 3-year-old Jeju native black sow with sudden death was requested to the Jeju Self-Governing Provincial Veterinary Research Institute for diagnosis in July 2009. Because the pig died suddenly, we could not find any clinical signs. Gross lesions such as pulmonary edema, redness of heart, liver, kidney and lymph nodes were observed at necropsy. Histopathologically, there were severe eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of laminar neurons, and neovascularization in cerebral cortex. Based on histopathological findings and history taking about temporal suspension of water supply, this case was diagnosed as salt poisoning of a Jeju native sow. In our best knowledge, this is the first report for salt poisoning of sow in Korea, especially in Jeju native pig.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.231-231
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• 2009

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.82-85
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• 2015

A 59-year old man was admitted for drowsiness and stiff neck. CSF examination showed lymphocytic pleocytosis and PCR for herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 was positive in CSF. Brain MRI revealed enhanced lesions in left temporal lobe. His symptom improved with acyclovir. Follow-up studies showed red blood cells in CSF and a hematoma in the left temporal lobe. There was no additional symptom related to the hematoma. He was discharged after conservative care. Although rare, hematoma can develop in HSV-1 meningoencephalitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.755-759
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• 2010

A 6-year-old, intact female Dachshund was presented with generalized seizure for 2 days. Based on the neurologic and physical examinations, intracranial diseases were suspected. 1.5T and 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were taken. The MRI results revealed diffuse hyperintense lesions in the area of the diencephalon to the medulla oblongata in the T2-weighted images. Canine distemper virus-induced meningoencephalitis was confirmed by the result of RT-PCR of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The dog was euthanized 7 days after diagnosis due to poor prognosis and clinical deterioration. Postmortem histopathologic examination was consistent with the MRI findings. This is the first case report using 1.5T and 7.0T MRI to compare the virus-induced intracranial lesions in meningoencephalitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.462-467
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• 2010

A Maltese (5-years old, castrated male) and a Yorkshire Terrier (8-years old, intact female) were referred to Seoul National University Hospital for Animals with ataxia, circling, depression and anorexia. It was suspected to meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) based on neurological signs, magnetic resonance imaging findings, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and canine distemper virus antigen test. Immunosuppressive dose of corticosteroid was initially chosen to treat in two dogs. However, the clinical signs were relapsed and side effects had arisen including polyuria, polydipsia, calcinosis cutis, liver enzyme elevation, weight gain and abdominal distension. Combination therapy of cytosine arabinoside (CA) and prednisolone (PDS) was tried. With this combination, the clinical signs were resolved and the side effects were alleviated. The dose of PDS was tapered to 0.5 mg/kg q48h in one case and the PDS was discontinued in the other case. These cases suggested that combined CA and PDS therapy may be significantly useful for the treatment of MUE uncontrolled by PDS alone.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.284-287
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• 2005

A 18-month-old, male Maltese dog with acute seizure was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Kyungpook National University. Abnormal neurologic findings included a tendency to fall to the left, turn and circle to the right, negative bilateral menace responses and pupillary light reflexes, and diminished responses to facial sensation testing on both sides. Radiographic signs were normal, except for occipital dysplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed bilateral asymmetric ventriculomegaly, which is more on left side. Cerebral edema was also suspected. The dog died after 9 days from the onset of seizure, and a necropsy was performed. Histopathologically, the brain lesions in the meninges and the cerebral cortex of this dog was presented. There was severe diffuse nonsuppurative inflammation in perivascular area of the meninges and the cerebral white matter. Based on the results, this case was diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis in Maltese dog.