• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.53-68
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to explore amount of time use for paid work house work, child caring and leisure spent by adults and to explain its influencing factors. Tobit model was used to analyze the factors of time use because the amount of time use was a limited continuous variable. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Amount of time spent for paid work per day by adults was found to be 349 min. for men and 185 min. for women. Amount of time spent for house work was found to be 19min. for men and 155 min. for women. Amount of time spent for child caring was found to be 5min. for men and 40 min. for women. Amount of time spent for leisure was found to be 285 min. for men and 266 min. for women. 2) Time use for paid work was found to be significantly influenced by householder, age, time limit and paid worker for men and householder, time limit and paid worker for women. Time use for house work was found to be significantly influenced by age, time limit and paid worker for men and householder, age, marital status and paid worker for women. Time use for child caring was found to be significantly influenced by presence of kids and marital status for men and house, presence of kids, marital status and paid worker for women. Finally, Time use for leisure was found to be significantly influenced by car, time limit and paid worker for men and house, presence of kids, marital status, time limit and paid worker for women.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to 1) identify types and usage levels of production 2) classify apparel manufacturers based on production systems and 3) investigate relationship between characteristics of apparel manufacturers and production system. Apparel manufacturer's characteristics included product line and the number of employees. For this study, the questionnaires were administered to 215 apparel manufacturers in metropolitan area from Feb. to Mar. 1998. Employing a sample of 201, data were analyzed by using factor analysis, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA). The following are the results or this study : 1. The production system was identified as three types of production system such as the management centered system, the product centered system and the worker centered system. 2. Based on the three types of the production system, apparel manufacturer were classified into manager centered and product centered groups. 3. With respect to product line, men's wear manufactures were operated the most frequently by manager centered and product centered groups. 3. With respect to product line, men's wear manufacturers were operated the most frequently by management centered system and women's wear manufacturers were operated the most frequently by worker centered system. With respect to the number of employees, apparel manufacturers comprising 5∼19 employees were performed the least frequently worker centered system, while those comprising 50∼99 and 100∼299 employees the least frequently worker centered system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.4 s.163
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• pp.624-632
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether a degree of media and appearance concern have an effect on appearance management of workers, and to analyze difference of appearance management with worker's men and women. A survey was conducted from September 20 to October 2 in 2006, among worker's men and women. The 538 subjects were used to statistics, and the statistical analysis methods were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. First, a degree of media concern factors were determined to be media-advertisement concern, media-information concern. And a degree of appearance concern factors were determined to be appearance-styling concern, appearance-management concern. Second, a degree of media and appearance concern factors had an effect on appearance management of workers. Therefore, the more a degree of media and appearance concern was higher, the more appearance management was higher. Third, worker's women than men were shown to have many concern about media, appearance concern and appearance management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4705-4709
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• 2013

Background: Cambodian Americans have high rates of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and liver cancer. There is very limited information about the utility of community health worker (CHW) approaches to cancer education for Asian American men. We have previously reported our positive findings from a trial of CHW education about HBV for Cambodian Americans who had never been tested for HBV. This report describes similarities and differences between the outcomes of our CHW HBV educational intervention among Cambodian American men and women. Methods: The study group for this analysis included 87 individuals (39 men and 48 women) who were randomized to the experimental (HBV education) arm of our trial, participated in the CHW educational intervention, and provided follow-up data six months post-intervention. We examined HBV testing rates at follow-up, changes in HBV-related knowledge between baseline and follow-up, and barriers to HBV testing (that were reported to CHWs) by gender. Results: At follow-up, 15% of men and 31% of women reported they had received a HBV test (p=0.09). HBV-related knowledge levels increased significantly among both men and women. With respect to HBV testing barriers, women were more likely than men to cite knowledge deficits, and men were more likely than women to cite logistic issues. Discussion: Our study findings indicate that CHW interventions can positively impact knowledge among Cambodian American men, as well as women. They also suggest CHW interventions may be less effective in promoting the use of preventive procedures by Cambodian American men than women. Future CHW research initiatives should consider contextual factors that may differ by gender and, therefore, potentially influence the relative effectiveness of CHW interventions for men versus women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutrient intake, life style, and serum lipids level in 108 healthy middle-aged men in Taegu. A convenient method was to assess nutritional intake. Anthropometric measuement of body weight and hight were measured and average energy expenditure was calculated. The mean body mass index(BMI) was 22.8$\pm$2.4 and it was in the middle of the mean BMI of Korean men. Obesity rate of study subject were 13.2%. Daily energy intake was not sufficient as 88.4% of recommended dietary allowances and the energy percentage of carboydrate, fat protein was 65 : 21 : 14. Mean intake of vitamin A, B1, C and Ca were lower than RDA. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the systolic blood pressure and calcium intake(r=-0.28, p<0.05). Smokers showed significantly higher blood glucose than non-smokers. Skipping meals and uneven diurnal distribution(no breakfast and large evening meals) are associated with high triglyceride level in this population. There was a highly significant correlation between body weight and plasma lipids. Energy expenditure was negatively correlated with plasma triglyceride level. Especially, atherogenic index was significantly lower in job-time physically active worker than that in sedentary worker. Above data provides valuable imformation to the community for program planning as well as to health providers who work individual male adults to meet their nutrition needs and to control blood lipids.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2007

This document is about immigrant worker who use counseling office for human rights in the Daegu Gumin Church. We researched their oral health state so that we can understand their situation and support them properly. General characteristics of study subjects, habits related to oral health, the oral examination and treatment clinic, participated in oral heath education program were studied by designed administered questionaire. And decay, filling(treatment teeth), missing tooth(lost teeth by dental-caries)was counted by oral examination, and calculated DMFT-index. This study was done from the July, 9, 2006 to Aug. 8, 2006. In a total of 289 immigrant worker, 77.9% of them were men and 22.1% of them were women. 55.7% of their salary was from 1,000,000 won to 1,500,000 won and most of them were working for a fiber industry. Many of them are living in korea for more then three years. DMFT index for men was 2.77 and for women was 4.06 so average of DMFT index was 3.06. 46.7% of them said that they are healthy in oral health state. The question for having difficulty using dental clinic in korea, 65.1% of them said "it is difficult". First reason was a communication problem and second was time. Most of them didn't have a oral health education but 85.1% of them said that they are looking forward to attending oral health education. Immigrant worker had better DMFT index then that of korean blue color worker. But still it is quite difficult for them using dental clinic in korea also cost. It is necessary to support them properly that medical insurance system, medical facilities of quality, medical insurance subscriber beside, made by their language, manual for them. At once, medical service improvement a policy is necessary for immigrant worker in korea.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-184
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• 2011

This paper is purposed to clarify that an increase of the matter of concern about men's fashion in the mid-1980s was coincided with rapid change of images for men and diversification within the context of economy, society, culture and to analyze the characteristic of each fashion and the meaning. Findings are as follows: 'New men' played a key role creating and communicating the new male image through the media, as a new masculine appeared in the middle of 1980s. Especially it was spreaded into with British as a center between the generations of young men described as a white-collar worker about the ages from 18 to 35 specifically and appeared by the cultural background in accordance with the spread of consumerism, materialism and post modern feminism and the development of men's fashion. There were 2 types of fashion styles for 'New men' image on the media in the mid-1980s. The First is 'power suit look style' which is self-conscious, including 'corporate formal suit look' and 'soft & sexy suit look'. The Second is 'extravagant body conscious style' which characterize the decolletage and androgynous, including 'tough sports look' and 'sexy skirt look'. Lastly, the 'New men' image means a man as a visible object and a man in the image world.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.32.1-32.10
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• 2023

Background: Although many studies have been conducted on worker fatigue and sickness absence, the association between fatigue and sickness absence is unclear in Korean workers. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of worker fatigue on future sickness absence. Methods: The study was conducted on workers who received medical check-ups at a university hospital for two consecutive years (2014-2015). During check-ups in the first year, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to assess fatigue levels, and during check-ups in the second year, sickness absence was surveyed to determine whether they had been absent from work due to physical or mental illness during previous 12 months. The χ² test was used to analyze relationships between sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, fatigue levels, and sickness absence. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression analysis controlled for confounding factors. Results: A total of 12,250 workers were included in the study, and 396 (3.2%) workers experienced more than one day of sickness absence during the study period. Adjusted ORs for sickness absence were 3.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.64-4.28) in the moderate-fatigue group and 6.87 (95% CI: 4.93-9.57) in the high-fatigue group versus the low-fatigue group. For men in the moderate- and high-fatigue groups, adjusted ORs for sickness absence were 3.40 (95% CI: 2.58-4.48) and 8.94 (95% CI: 6.12-13.07), and for women in the moderate- and high-fatigue groups, adjusted ORs for sickness absence were 2.93 (95% CI: 1.68-5.10) and 3.71 (95% CI: 1.84-7.49), respectively. Conclusions: Worker fatigue is associated with sickness absence during the following 12 months, and this association appears to be stronger for men than women. These results support the notion that sickness absence can be reduced by evaluating and managing work-related fatigue.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.216-225
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to compare nutrients intake, health indices, and prevalence of chronic diseases by occupation in middle-aged men, using results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into two groups by their occupation (Office worker (OW) and Agri-fishery worker (AFW)) and their percentages were 75.5% and 24.5% respectively. In health-related factors, drinking rate was higher in OW (p<0.001), while smoking rate was higher in AFW (p<0.001). Walking and strength exercise were both higher in OW group. In dietary behavior, the rate of skipping breakfast and eating out was higher in OW (p<0.001). Food supplement usage were consumed by OW more than AFW (p<0.001). Daily energy intake was higher in AFW (p<0.05). There were significant differences in nutrient density per 1,000 kcal of minerals and vitamins between the two groups (p<0.05~p<0.001), except calcium, potassium, vitamin A and thiamin. In body weight, BMI, waist circumference and blood pressures, OW was higher than AFW (p<0.05~p<0.001). Whereas, HDL and LDL-cholesterol were higher in AFW (p<0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was higher in AFW (p<0.001). The results of this study can be used as data to establish nutrition and health strategies for occupation in middle-aged men.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.259-263
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk of gout in healthy workers. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 1,876 subjects (1,515 men and 361 women) enrolled in the Healthy Worker Cohort Study at Daegu, South Korea. Relationships between serum uric acid levels and independent risk factors were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment for covariates. Results: Among study participants, the prevalence of gout was 22.9% in men and 2.5% in women (based on a serum uric acid level >7.0 mg/dL for men and >6.0 mg/dL for women). Among men, increased ALT, GGT, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were associated with increased risk of gout (p<0.05) by multiple linear regression analysis; however, increased age and HDL-cholesterol/triglyceride ratio were associated with decreased risk of gout (p<0.05). In women, increased triglycerides were associated with increased risk of gout (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increased triglycerides were significantly associated with the risk of gout in men and women. Moreover, a high HDL-cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in men may reduce the risk of gout.