• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of the level of alcohol drinking and smoking period on the occurrence of lumbar and femoral neck osteoporosis in men aged 50 years and over. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 1,410 men based on results of a National Survey on Nutritional Health for the period 2010-2012. Complex sample multi-variate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine whether alcohol drinking and smoking period were associated with osteoporosis in men aged 50 years older. Results: The risk of osteoporosis in the femoral neck was 3.43 times (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.15~10.29) higher in men who consumed less alcohol and smoked for a long time compared to men who smoked more than 40 years and consumed much alcohol at once. The risk of osteoporosis in the lumbar spine was 3.45 times (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.69~7.04) higher respectively. Men who consumed much alcohol at a time and smoked less than 40 years were 1.54 (1/0.65) times (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.45~0.93) more likely to be classified as normal than the men who consumed much alcohol and had a long smoking period. Conclusion: The interaction of excessive drinking and smoking has a more detrimental effect on bone mineral density.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.51-72
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify perceived work-family conflict of married working women and men with children under 12 years. Specifically, This study attempts to examine the differences of relative influence between objective time variables and subjective satisfaction variables unlike previous research. For research, this study used the data of 1012 working men and women from the 3rd Nation survey of Korean Family in 2015. The main results of this study were as following. First, Business hours and cognition of enough leisure time had more relative effect of work${\rightarrow}$family conflict than any other variable. On the other hand, leisure time on weekdays had the effect of family${\rightarrow}$work conflict with women and men. Second, gender differences of work${\rightarrow}$family conflict and family${\rightarrow}$work conflict were identified. In work${\rightarrow}$family conflict, men were influenced cognition of enough leisure time, women were influenced couple conversation time and employment status unlike men. In family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, men were not influenced subjective satisfaction variables. But women were influenced satisfaction with division of child care. Third, in family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, the addition of objective time variables in Model of men resulted in an increased $R^2$-value, but in work${\rightarrow}$family conflict and family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, the addition of subjective satisfaction variables in Model of women resulted in an increased $R^2$-value.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.43-55
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• 2010

With the sex role changes in the post-modern society, men are becoming increasingly interested in appearance and their bodies. Male muscles in particular, which also is a visual manifestation of masculine strengths, has become the focal interest for those men who care about appearance management. The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which Korean culture emphasizes muscles in defining masculine body, and to understand Korean men's perception of muscle building and their bodies. For this purpose, a content analysis and a survey were conducted. The content analysis aimed at identifying the ideal masculine image represented in the ads featured in male fashion magazines. For the purpose of comparison, U.S. magazines were also examined. The result showed that male models' images shown in Korean magazines were not significantly different from the male images in American magazines in terms of the body size, muscularity, and the nudity of the models. A survey to 339 men aged between 20 to 50 living in Seoul area was conducted to explore the motives of muscle building, the criteria men use to evaluate muscled bodies, and the influence of muscle building on body satisfaction. Factor analysis and analyses of variances followed by Scheffe multiple comparisons were conducted for data analysis. The results showed that physical appearance improvement is one of the motives of muscle building especially for younger men. Muscle building in general is found to contribute positively to men's body satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.429-440
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of men's shoulders through the criteria which represent the characteristic of men's shoulders. In addition, we introduce new bodice patterns depending on our classification. We have the fo11owing conclusions based on our sample size of 200 men's shoulders: 1. The result of factor analysis indicates that six factors are extracted and they consist of 62.3% of total variance. We then choose three factors as standard items for our classification of the shape of men's shoulders. 2. We divide the shape of shoulders into three categories: bent, slopeness, and thickness. Each category is divided into three subcategories. (a) Bent: If one's shoulders are bent forward or backward, then we call them front or back-bent type. Otherwise, they are called standard-bent type. (b) Slopeness: If one's shoulders have an easy or steep slope, then we call them easy or steep slope type. Or else, they are called standard slope type. (c) Thickness: If one's shoulders are thick or thin, then we call them thick or thin type. Otherwise, we call them standard thick type. 3. According to the frequency based on our data entries of 200 men's shoulders, we introduce five new types of men's shoulders. 76.5% of examined men's shoulders belong to one of these five types: (a) 8.0% of standard slope and back-bent type: (b) 9.5% of easy slope and standard-bent type; (c) 45.5% of standard slope and standard-bent type; (d) 5.5% of steep slope and standard-bent type; (e) 8.0% of standard slope and back-bent type. 4. The suitability of new basic bodice patterns based on the types of men's shoulders are demonstrated by the high approval rate of the subjects who participate in testing.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1084-1092
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• 2018

Background/Aims: There has been no evidence for the necessity of endoscopy in asymptomatic young men with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). To determine whether endoscopy should be recommended in asymptomatic young men with IDA, we compared the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) lesions between young men (< 50 years) with IDA and those without IDA. Methods: We conducted a case-control study on asymptomatic young men aged < 50 years who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy as part of a health checkup between 2010 and 2014. Results: Of 77,864 participants, 128 (0.16%) had IDA and 512 subjects without IDA were matched for several variables including age. Young men with IDA had a significantly higher proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) (0.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.045), villous adenoma (0.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.045), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; 2.3% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.025) than those without IDA. Additionally, the prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) tended to be higher in subjects with IDA than in those without IDA (3.1% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.084). The prevalence of significant lower GI lesions including ACRN and IBD was higher in subjects with IDA than in those without IDA (5.5% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.011). Regarding upper GI lesions, a positive association with IDA was observed only for gastric ulcer (4.7% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.011). Conclusions: GI lesions including CRC, villous adenoma, IBD, and gastric ulcer were more common in asymptomatic young men with IDA. Our results suggest that EGD and particularly colonoscopy should be recommended even in asymptomatic young men with IDA.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.525-549
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• 2020

As the attitudes toward women is ambivalent (both hostile and ambivalent), people have a tendency to have ambivalent attitudes toward men. Despite conflicts between men and women caused by misogyny and misogyny have recently worsened in a Korean society, most of previous Korean studies have focused on the attitudes toward women. In addition, there has been no scale to measure such ambivalent attitudes toward men in Korea. Therefore, this study was designed to translate and validate the Ambivalence toward Men Inventory, a scale developed and currently utilized in the United State. Sample 1 (183 college students), sample 2 (300 college students), and sample 3 (317 adults) were used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in 16 items and 2 factors. The tests of convergent and concurrent validity revealed strong evidence for the validity of the Korean version of the Ambivalence toward Men Inventory and the reliabilities of the two factors were .830~.917.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.81-101
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• 2009

This study examines married couples' forgiveness and forgiveness process in order to provide basic information related to married couples' forgiveness and to identify significant variables through analyzing socio-demographic characteristics affecting forgiveness and what influences the forgiveness process variables. Based on the study, the conclusions are as follows: First, men are affected by personal and intrinsic factors and women are affected by the other person's factor in the forgiveness. Married couples all expect that self-growth and the recovery of negative emotion occur through forgiveness. It indicates that the forgiveness contains a strong selfish character and not an altruistic character for others. Second, married couples experience hurt in the martial relationship due to problems caused by relationships with the husband's family, wife's family, and relatives. There is a significant difference between men and women in the period of problem occurrence, period of worry, seriousness degree of the problem, intention status of the problem, hurt degree, unfairness status of hurt, unfairness degree of hurt, and locus of control. Third, men's forgiveness level is higher in emotional forgiveness, cognitive forgiveness, and behavioral forgiveness. Among them, there is the biggest difference of cognitive forgiveness between men and women. Also, the variable affecting forgiveness is different between men and women.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to offer basic data for the study of men's suit by investigating the wearing conditions of men’s suit. For data collection, a questionnaire was composed of the number of times and the reason of wearing the suit and the number of suits they possessed etc. The subjects were male who aged 25-39 and resided in Seoul, kyunggi and Chungnam region. The results of the research are summarized as the following : 1. The mean age of wearing the suit for the first time is 22.3 years old. 2. A number of times of suit wearing for a week is less than 2 days mostly. In the case of job, office men is wearing suit many times more than others. Most of the adult men is wearing the suit as a ceremonial costume. 3. As a general rule, men have about 1.5 business suits for spring/fall/winter, and few character suit.. Korean adult men like character suit more than business suit. Also their favorite suit brand is Gallaxy and Intermezo.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.84-113
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide for some basic data useful to production of the apparels fit and measured well for the Chinese men. For this purpose, Chinese men's apparel measurements and specifications were determined per area group(Beijing and Shanghai) according to the Men's Wear Specifications (GB/T 1335.1-1997), National Standards of People's Republic of China. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. As a result of dividing the Chinese men into Beijing and Shanghai men and thereby, setting stature and upper chest circumference for upper garments and stature and waist for lower garments. 2. As a result of analyzing the correlational distributions of stature and upper chest circumference measurements by region (Beijing and Shanghai) and type of physique, it was found that the coverage rate of the selected sizes was higher in Shanghai sample than Beijing sample in case of the sample with thicker waist circumferences. 3. As a results of analyzing the correlations according to the three-fold classifications of stature /upper chest circumference/waist for garment specifications by region (Beijing and Shanghai) and type of physique, "A" type was most covered, followed by "B", "C" and "Y" types.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the dietary habits, nutrient intake, and health status and to explore the relationship between dietary habits and health status in the middle-aged men and women. The subjects consisted of 220 men and 220 women aged 40-59 years old. Dietary habits and nutrient intake were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and 24 hours dietary recall method by personal interview. Percent of body fat, serum cholesterol, and serum triglyceride level were measured. The middle aged adults who had breakfast and meals irregularly were more than 60% of the study subjects. The middle aged men had meals habits significantly more irregularly than the middle aged women. The middle aged men had high fat meat intake more frequently than the middle aged women. The middle aged men had significantly high energy and protein intake more than the middle aged women but the middle aged women had significantly high carbohydrate intake more than the middle aged men and tended to consume milk higher than the middle aged men. The middle aged adults who had high body fat tended to overeat food, to have high fat meat and processed food intake more frequently than those who had low body fat. The middle aged adults who had high serum cholesterol and triglyceride level tended to overeat food and to have processed food intake more frequently than those who had low serum cholesterol and triglyceride level. The middle aged adults who had regular meals habits. tended to have low serum triglyceride level than those who had irregular meals habits.