• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제19D권2호
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• pp.161-186
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• 2012

최근 플래시 메모리의 꾸준한 용량 증가와 가격 하락으로 인해 대용량 SSD(Solid State Drive)가 점차 대중화 되고 있다. 하지만, 플래시 메모리는 하드웨어적인 제약사항이 존재하며, 이러한 제약사항을 보완하기 위해 FTL(Flash Translation Layer)이라는 특별한 미들웨어 계층을 필요로 한다. FTL은 플래시 메모리의 하드웨어적인 제약사항을 효율적으로 운용하기 위해 필요한 계층으로서 파일 시스템으로부터의 논리적 섹터 번호(logical sector number)를 플래시 메모리의 물리적 섹터 번호(physical sector number)로 변환해주는 역할을 한다. 특히, 플래시 메모리의 여러 제약사항 중 "쓰기 전 지우기(erase-before-write)"는 플래시 메모리 성능 저하의 주요한 원인이 되고 있으며, 이와 관련하여 로그블록 기반의 여러 연구들이 활발히 진행되어 왔지만, 대용량의 플래시 메모리를 효율적으로 운용하기 위해서는 몇몇 문제점들이 존재한다. 로그블록 기반의 FAST는 넓은 지역에 임의쓰기(random writing)가 빈번하게 발생하면 데이터 블록 내 사용되지 않은 섹터들로 인해 효율적이지 못한 합병 연산이 발생한다. 즉, 효율적이지 못한 블록 쓰레싱(thrashing)이 빈번하게 발생하고, 플래시 메모리의 성능을 저하시킨다. 로그블록은 덮어쓰기(overwriting) 발생 시 일종의 캐쉬처럼 운영되며, 이러한 기법은 플래시 메모리 성능 향상에 많은 발전을 주었다. 본 연구에서는 임의쓰기에 대한 성능 향상을 위해 로그 블록만을 캐쉬처럼 운영하는 것이 아니라 플래시 메모리 전체를 캐쉬처럼 운용하고, 이를위해 별도의 오프셋이라는 매핑 테이블을 운용하여 플래시 메모리 성능 저하의 주요한 원인이 되는 합병연산과 삭제연산을 줄였다. 새로운 FTL은 XAST(eXtensively-Associative Sector Translation)이라 명명하며, XAST에서는 공간지역성과 시간지역성에 대한 기본적인 이론을 바탕으로 오프셋 매핑 테이블을 효율적으로 운용한다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2012

This paper describes a novel global on-chip interconnect scheme, in which a one UI-delayed symbol as well as the current symbol is sent for easing the sensing operation at receiver end. With this approach, the voltage swing on the channel for reliable sensing can be reduced, resulting in performance improvement in terms of power consumption, peak current, and delay spread due to PVT variations, as compared to the conventional repeater insertion schemes. Evaluation for on-chip interconnects having various lengths in a 130 nm CMOS process indicated that the proposed on-chip interconnect scheme achieved a power reduction of up to 71.3%. The peak current during data transmission and the delay spread due to PVT variations were also reduced by as much as 52.1% and 65.3%, respectively.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 본사와 각 지점 간에 설치된 인터넷 사설교환기(IP PBX)의 통화지연시간을 단축하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 지사 PBX의 내부 메모리 내부에 주소저장 공간을 마련하고, 가장 많이 사용하는 전화주소를 저장하게 한다. 따라서 해당 IP PBX에 연결된 전화 단말기를 이용하여 원거리에 있는 IP PBX에 접속되어 있는 전화번호로 호를 시도 할 때 해당 주소를 검색하기 위하여 먼저 자신의 내부 메모리를 검색한다. 검색한 해당 전화번화가 있으면 해당 주소로 바로 전화를 가능하게 하여 본사와 설치된 IP PBX에 조회를 거치지 않게 함으로써 통화지연시간을 개선할 수 있도록 알고리즘을 개발하고 실험을 통하여 입증하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2009

The dissociative culture technique of Aplysia neuron is one of the key methods that have been used for studies of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal functioning. However, despite the advantages this method offers as an experimental model, its technical efficiency has had room for improvement. In this study, we examined certain putative factors that might affect the culture quality. The effects of neuronal damage induced by physical injuries, heat shock, and surface protein degradation were evaluated along with the correlation between the culture quality and animal behavior. As a result, we found that physical injury can be a critical factor that affects culture quality, whereas the heat shock and surface protein degradation had negligible effect on it. In addition, we discovered that siphon retraction time was not a good measurement for healthy neurons. Based on these findings, we suggest here an improved method in which the degree of physical injury is reduced by means of multiple protease treatment.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1995

In SMA(Shape Memory Alloy), the degradation by fatigue is one of the most important problems to be overcome, when SMA is used for robot-actuator materials. The actuator is operated repetitively for long time and its repeating operation develops the fatigue degradation of SMA. The fatigue degradation changes the transformation temperature and deformation behavior and results in inaccurate operation and deformation which results form repeating operation is to be investigated in advance and the scheme to resolve those problems have to be made for the design of actuator. In this paper, for the improvement of the fatigue degradation by repetive movement and better control of the correct movement by the stability of martensite transformation in the development of Robots actuator, Pre-strain(0, 1.5, 5, 8%) are loaded in the specimens and fatigue testing were carried out by the method of heating and cooling in direct condition. From the results of these experiments, the effect on pre-strain which affect the transformation characteristic and fatigue degradation phenomena were correctly investigated.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1997

This study was conducted to find out the effects of Jowiseungchungtang on learning and memory of rats. For this purpose, the radial-arm maze was used. The results of the study were summarized as follows.1. It was shown that the rate of rats that met the learning criteria when performing the learning is that the control group amounted to 40.0% while the Jowiseungchungtang group did 73.3%. The other showed higher learning effect than the one but there was no statistical significance.2. In the retention test performed with rats that met the learning criteria, the frequency of errors made by the two groups was 3.33$\pm$2.25 times for the control group and 1.36$\pm$1.12 times for Jowisrungchungtang group. The other was remarkably lower than the one in the frequency of errors.In conclusion, the study suggested that the Jowiseungchungtang have an effect on improvement of learning and memory.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1577-1580
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• 2003

In the recent years, as the research and the development of micro and precision machinery become active, the interest of micro actuators using SMA(Shape Memory Alloy) has been increased. The dynamic characteristic analysis of SMA is necessary for actuator application and many common researches report the material characteristics of SMA sufficiently. However, the research on dynamic characteristics is very deficient. In this paper, the helical spring are fabricated with NiTi SMA wire of high resistivity. The force, response speed, temperature, and displacement are measured by digital force gauge, infrared thermometer, and laser displacement sensor so that the dynamic characteristics of this SMA is analyzed. Also, bidirectional actuator was fabricated and experimented for its performance.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2008

The potential use of Cu-based shape memory alloys (SMA) in retrofitting historical monuments is investigated in this paper. This study is part of the ongoing work conducted in Tunisia within the framework of the FP6 European Union project (WIND-CHIME) on the use of appropriate modern seismic protective systems in the conservation of Mediterranean historical buildings in earthquake-prone areas. The present investigation consists of a finite element simulation, as a preliminary to an experimental study where a cantilever masonry wall, representing a part of a historical monument, is subjected to monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loadings around a horizontal axis at the base level. The wall was retrofitted with an array of copper SMA wires with different cross-sectional areas. A new model is proposed for heat-treated copper SMAs and is validated based on published experimental results. A series of nonlinear finite element analyses are then performed on the wall for the purpose of assessing the SMA device retrofitting capabilities. Simulation results show an improvement of the wall response for the case of monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loadings.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제31B권9호
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• pp.159-165
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• 1994

In this paper, we propose a multi-layer associative neural network structure suitable for hardware implementaion with the function of performance refinement and improved robutst capability. Unlike other methods which reduce network complexity by putting restrictions on synaptic weithts, we are imposing a requirement of hidden layer neurons for the function. The proposed network has synaptic weights obtainted by Hebbian rule between adjacent layer's memory patterns such as Kosko's BAM. This network can be extended to arbitary multi-layer network trainable with Genetic algorithm for getting hidden layer memory patterns starting with initial random binary patterns. Learning is done to minimize newly defined network error. The newly defined error is composed of the errors at input, hidden, and output layers. After learning, we have bidirectional recall process for performance improvement of the network with one-shot recall. Experimental results carried out on pattern recognition problems demonstrate its performace according to the parameter which represets relative significance of the hidden layer error over the sum of input and output layer errors, show that the proposed model has much better performance than that of Kosko's bidirectional associative memory (BAM), and show the performance increment due to the bidirectionality in recall process.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2008

One of the problems with testing for the presence of $CO_2$ is that the results are not visible. In order to over-come this weak point, a new testing method was developed with BTB indicator equipment, that made the gas visible. After that, the experiment was performed and tested the effects of the new visible equipment. The visible equipment could be adapted to regular class use successfully. Also, it was effective in that it reduced waste of gas, minimized danger potential through use of $CO_2$ canisters and candle-sticks, and also increased knowledge about indicators. The new experimental method and equipment affected the students' interest. It is possible that the students' positive participation was due to their interest in the new apparatus and application of the visual senses. The new system was tested fer its effects on teaching content and helping to produce sustained memory of the content. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of content learning on initial content memory. However, when students in both groups were tested 4 months later, the visual experiment group sustained memory performance, while the other group showed a significant decrease. Generally, boys score higher than girls in terms of interest and participation in experimental activities. In this case, however, there were no difference between groups. It may have been due to introduction of new equipment and different methods from the textbooks. So, this could increase participation in science using various experiments.