• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.477-486
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to analyze the correlation between depression and memory, by considering the occurrence of ApoE ɛ4 and clinical dementia rating in the elderly with Alzheimer's dementia. This study included 50 participants over 65 years of age, evaluated with CDR 0.5 to 2. We performed CDR, SVLT-E, RCFT, SGDS-K, and ApoE genotyping. Spearman's correlation analysis was used for determining the correlation between depression and memory. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between depression and immediate recall verbal memory in the CDR 1 and 2 without ApoE ɛ4 carrier group (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was also determined between depression and delayed recall verbal memory in the CDR 1 of the same group. Ed. Notes: The previous sentence already shows this correlation. I suggest this should be deleted from this statement. However, no significant correlation was observed between depression and visual memory. This study found a significant correlation between depression and immediate recall verbal memory. Also, the presence of ApoE ɛ4 indicates a significant correlation between depression and delayed verbal recall memory. Taken together, our results indicate that verbal memory training rather than visual memory training can be more effective in early AD. Also, the treatment of depression will provide a complementary effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.982-992
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clothing memory which affects apparel purchase behavior. The construction of clothing memory, the relationship between clothing memory and apparel purchase behavior, and the difference of clothing memory among persons by demographic variables are examined 746 female apparel consumers answer the questionnaire and data are analyzed by factor analysis, canonical correlation, Pearson correlation, and t-test. The result of this study are as follows; 1. There are three dimensions in the clothing memory which memory apparel purchase behavior; general memory about clothing, memory of appropriate clothing for oneself and memory of apparel purchase. 2. nothing memory affects apparel purchase behavior. General memory about clothing plays the most important role in the apparel purchase behavior especially in the amount of apparel purchase. 3. Unmarried young women with high income, high education level, and decent job have large amount of clothing memory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.447-450
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• 2004

This study was conducted to characterize groundwater and river-water fluctuations at a riverbank filtration site in Daesan-myeon adjacent to the Nakdong River, using time series analysis. Water levels from six observation wells from January 2003 to October 2003 were measured. The autocorrelation analysis indicates that the wells are divided into three groups: group 1 represents strong linearity and memory, group 2 intermediate linearity and memory, and group 3 weak linearity and memory. The analysis indicates that groundwater levels in different monitoring wells vary in response to river-water levels, groundwater withdrawal and seasonal rainfall. Cross-correlation was also divided into three groups. Group 1 shows the highest cross-correlation function (0.49 - 0.54) for a lag time of 0 hours, group 2 intermediate cross-correlation function (0.34 - 0.45), and group 3 the lowest cross-correlation function (0.23 - 0.25). Different cross-correlation functions among the 3 groups are interpreted as an effect of tile distance from the river to the pumping wells.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of depression on older adults' metamemory and memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 103 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Hultsch, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). Other data were collected by a testing method on the memory performance, such as the immediate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows: 1) The average point of depressed older persons' metamemory is 3.2 on a 5 point scale and was significantly lower than nondepressed older persons' point of 3.6. Looking into each sub-concept of metamemory, depressed persons' points are higher in terms of task(4.1), but are lower in terms of change(2.3), locus(2.6), and strategy(2.9) in comparison with nondepressed persons' points. 2) Depressed older persons' memory performances are all significantly lower than nondepressed person's, especially in terms of face recognition task(t=7.26, p<.0082) and word recognition task(t=6.58, p<.01). 3) In both depressed and nondepressed persons, metamemory has a close correlation with all memory tasks. In particular, depressed older persons' correlation is higher across the board, especially in memory self-efficacy of metamemory(r=.36 - .49) in comparison with nondepressed persons. 4) According to the results of analysis on the relations between metamemory and memory performances of each memory task using canonical analysis, in the case of depressed older persons, strategy, locus, capability and task have high correlation with word recognition task and delayed word recall task. Also in the case of nondepressed persons, achievement, strategy, change and locus variable have high correlation with face recognition task and immediate word recall task. As mentioned above, depression variables have a negative effect on older persons' metamemory and memory performance. In conclusion, when we care for depressed older persons with less memory ability, we have to consider the outcomes of this study are relevant. In addition, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention in order to prevent memory loss and improve memory performance in depressed older persons.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association among articulation rate, speech intelligibility and working memory in children with dysarthria. Two subject groups of 11 spastic and 11 flaccid dysarthria, respectively, aged between 8 and 17 years of age participated in this study. All participants were administered the following tests: K-WISC III PIQ test, speech intelligibility, working memory and articulation rate. Group differences were compared by an independent t-test. Pearson correlation were computed between all measures. The results of this study are as follows: First, articulation rate and intelligibility were significantly lower for the spastic dysarthria than for the flaccid dysarthria. Second, there was a significant correlation between articulation rate and intelligibility in children with flaccid dysarthria. Lastly, there was no significant correlation between articulation rate and working memory in both groups. The results suggest that articulation rate is not necessarily accompanied by working memory capacity in children with dysarthria, and there are differences in the effect of articulation rate on intelligibility depending on the type of dysarthria.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out relation of general characteristics and memory performance of old adults. Method: The subjects consisted of 160 old adults over the age 60 who living in Seoul. Data were collected by the interview method, using a structured questionnaire and the testing method on the memory performance. Data were analyzed by SPSS PC. Result: The level of memory performance is 63.0 points in the 84 point scale, immediate recall is 7.8 points in the 12 point scale, delayed recall is 7.6 points in the 12 point scale, word recognition is 16 points in the 24 point scale, & face recognition is 16 points in the 24 point scale, & face recognition is 26.8 points in the 40 point scale. Analysis of memory performance according to general characteristics showed that there were statistically differences for age, sex, religion and alcohol. Memory performance showed a significantly negative correlation with age and alcohol, but positive correlation with sex. The significant variables to predict old adults'memory performance are age and alcohol. Conclusion: The findings of this study give useful information for constructing an memory performance improving program based on general characteristics in old adults.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.136-146
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• 1998

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of PTSD on memory function, to investigate the difference of memory function between PTSD and non-PTSD patients, and to identify major variables correlated to PTSD scale and Memory Assessment Scale. Methods: The authors used PTSD-scale(Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale) for measuring PTSD severity. And, Beck Depression Inventory was also used. Memory assessment scale was assessed by well trained psychologist. Thirty one Vietnam veterans who had been hospitalized were collected consecutively. These patients were evaluated by psychiatrists with interview and measurement for fifteen months since March, 1997. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and the stastistic methods used for analysis Chi-square, t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results : 1) There were significant differences in short-term memory and verbal memory between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. 2) Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale were negatively correlated to short-term memory and verbal memory(Pearson's correlation). 3) Religion status was a significant variable between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. 4) There is no significant difference in visual memory and total memory scale between PTSD and Non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans Conclusions : Neuropsychological changes were found in the posttraumatic stress disorder. There were significant differences in short-term memory and verbal memory between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale were negatively correlated to short-term memory and verbal memory. We suggest that neuropsychological test might be used for an objective assessment of patients with the combat related PTSD and be considered helpful in the assessment of patients with the diagnosis. And we also suggest rehabilitation strategies would be used to compensate for memory deficits in PTSD patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2020

Traditional stochastic simulation of hydroclimatological variables often underestimates the variability and correlation structure of larger timescale due to the difficulty in preserving long-term memory. However, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model illustrates a remarkable long-term memory from the recursive hidden and cell states. The current study, therefore, employed the LSTM model in stochastic generation of hydrologic and climate variables to examine how much the LSTM model can preserve the long-term memory and overcome the drawbacks of conventional time series models such as autoregressive (AR). A trigonometric function and the Rössler system as well as real case studies for hydrological and climatological variables were tested. Results presented that the LSTM model reproduced the variability and correlation structure of the larger timescale as well as the key statistics of the original time domain better than the AR and other traditional models. The hidden and cell states of the LSTM containing the long-memory and oscillation structure following the observations allows better performance compared to the other tested conventional models. This good representation of the long-term variability can be important in water manager since future water resources planning and management is highly related with this long-term variability.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1170-1180
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• 2000

This study was a quasi-experimental study to confirm the effects of a memory training program using efficacy sources. The purpose was to develop an effective memory training program for elderly people and to identify the effects of the memory training program. This study was carried out between February 24 and July 18, 1999 and the subjects of the study were 102 elderly people who were participants at a welfare institute in Seoul. The experimental group (51) and the control group (51) were assigned by means of participation order. The control group was matched to the experimental group and was selected considering age, sex, and religion. The experimental group participated in the memory training program. The memory training program was based on the literature of Fogler & Stern (1994), Wang & Lee (1990), Lee (1991) and Lee (1993). The memory training program was given twice a week for two weeks with each program lasting two hours. Task centered memory self-efficacy was measured using the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Berry & Dennehey (1989) and Meta Memory was measured by the MIA developed by Dixon et al. (1988) Memory performance was measured by the word list developed by Cho Sung Won (1995) and the face recognition task (Face Recognition Task developed for this study). Data were analyzed by SPSS PC and the results are described below. 1. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher task centered memory self-efficacy scores as compared to the control group (t=4.354, P=.0001). 2. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher metamemory scores as compared to the control group (t=4.733, P=.0001). 3. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher memory performance scores as compared to the control group (t=7.500, P=.0001). The memory performance involved an immediate word recall task, a delayed word recall task, a word recognition task, and the face recognition task. 4. In the experimental group, there was significant correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the metamemory scores (r=.382, P=.006), but the correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the memory performance scores and between the metamemory scores and the memory performance scores were not significant. The results showed that task centered memory self-efficacy, meta memory and memory performance improved following the Memory Training Program including the memory process, changes in memory with aging, and appropriate use of memory strategies. Memory Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for improving memory in elderly people and, also, in people with complaints of memory loss.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.5
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• pp.134-140
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• 1994

In this paper, an algorithm of CBAM(Combination Bidirectional Associative Memory) model proposes, analyzes and tests CBAM model `s performancess by simulating with recalls and recognitions of patterns. In learning-procedure each correlation matrix of training patterns is obtained. As each correlation matrix's some elements correspond to juxtaposition, all correlation matrices are merged into one matrix (Combination Correlation Matrix, CCM). In recall-procedure, CCM is decomposed into a number of correlation matrices by spiliting its elements into the number of elements corresponding to all training patterns. Recalled patterns are obtained by multiplying input pattern with all correlation matrices and selecting a pattern which has the smallest value of energy function. By using a CBAM model, we have some advantages. First, all pattern having less than 20% of noise can be recalled. Second, memory capacity of CBAM model, can be further increased to include English alphabets or patterns. Third, learning time of CBAM model can be reduced greatly because of operation to make CCM.