• 제목/요약/키워드: Membrane distillation

검색결과 123건 처리시간 0.02초

Morphological study of synthesized PVDF membrane using different non-solvents for coagulation

  • Yadav, Meenakshi;Upadhyay, Sushant;Singh, Kailash;Chaturvedi, Tarun Kumar;Vashishtha, Manish
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.173-181
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    • 2022
  • Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet hydrophobic membranes were prepared using 16 wt% PVDF in Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) by phase inversion technique for desalination application using Membrane Distillation (MD). In this work, the effect of coagulation mediums such as ethanol and water as well their synergistic behavior on the fabricated PVDF membrane morphology was studied using SEM. Moreover, other characteristics required for the membrane distillation applications namely porosity, hydrophobicity and tensile strength were measured using the gravimetric method, sessile drop method and universal testing machine respectively. It was observed that the membrane morphology paradigm shifted from the finger-like structure to the sponge-like structure on increasing the ethanol concentration in coagulant. The porosity of the fabricated membrane was under the required MD range and found to be 57.3% at 16 weight % of PVDF in DMAc solvent under a pure ethanol coagulant bath. Moreover, the top surface contact angle ranges from 85° to 115° on increasing the bath concentration from CBC 0 to CBC 100 at 16 weight % of PVDF in DMAc solvent.

진공 막증류 공정의 스케일 막오염 형성에 관한 연구 (Scale formation on vacuum membrane distillation for SWRO brine treatment)

  • 황태문;장은경;남숙현;구재욱;김은주
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.311-319
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    • 2017
  • Scale formation is inevitable problem when seawater is treated by vacuum membrane distillation. The reason is the high concentration of calcium ion($Ca^{2+}$), sulfate ion(${SO_4}^{2-}$) and bicarbonate ion(${HCO_3}^-$). These ions form calcium sulfate($CaSO_4$) and calcium carbonate($CaCO_3$) on the membrane. The scale formed on membrane has to be removed, because the flux can be severely reduced and membrane wetting can be incurred. This study was carried out to investigate scale formation and effectiveness of acid cleaning in vacuum membrane distillation for SWRO brine treatment. It was found that permeate flux gradually declined until volume concentration factor(VCF) reached around 1.55 and membrane wetting started over VCF over 1.6 in the formation of precipitates containing $CaSO_4$ during VMD operation. In contrast, when calcium carbonate formed on membrane, permeate flux was gradually reduced until VCF 3.0. The precipitates containing both $CaSO_4$ and $CaCO_3$ were formed on the membrane surface and in the membrane pore.

직접 접촉식 막 증발공정에서 무기 막오염 특성 분석 및 저감방법 (Inorgainc fouling and it fouling reduction in direct contact membrane distillation process)

  • 이태민;김승현
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.115-125
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    • 2020
  • This study was aimed to examine inorganic fouling and fouling reduction method in direct contact membrane distillation(DCMD) process. Synthetic seawater of NaCl solution with CaCO3 and CaSO4 was used for this purpose. It was found in this study that both CaCO3 and CaSO4 precipitates formed at the membrane surface. More fouling was observed with CaSO4(anhydrite) and CaSO4·0.5H2O(bassanite) than CaSO4·2H2O(gypsum). CaCO3 and gypsum were detected at the membrane surface when concentrates of SWRO(seawater reverse osmosis) were treated by the DCMD process, while gypsum was found with MED(multi effect distillation) concentrates. Air backwash(inside to out) was found more effective in fouling reduction than air scouring.

VMD 모듈의 열성능 특성 연구 (A Study on the Thermal Characteristics of Vacuum Membrane Distillation Module)

  • 주홍진;양용우;곽희열
    • 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2014
  • This study was accomplished to get the foundation design data of VMD(Vacuum Membrane Distillation) system for Solar Thermal VMD plant. VMD experiment was designed to evaluate thermal performance of VMD using PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) hollow fiber hydrophobic membranes. The total membrane surface area in a VMD module is $5.3m^2$. Experimental equipments to evaluate VMD system consists of various parts such as VMD module, heat exchanger, heater, storage tank, pump, flow meter, micro filter. The experimental conditions to evaluate VMD module were salt concentration, temperature, flow rate of feed sea water. Salt concentration of feed water were used by aqueous NaCl solutions of 25g/l, 35g/l and 45g/l concentration. As a result, increase in permeate flux of VMD module is due to the increasing feed water temperature and feed water flow rate. Also, decrease in permeate flux of VMD module is due to increasing salinity of feed water. VMD module required about 590 kWh/day of heating energy to produce $1m^3/day$ of fresh water.

분리막 공정과 LNG 냉열 및 심냉 증류를 이용한 전자급 고순도 이산화탄소의 분리 (Separation of Electronic Grade Highly Pure Carbon Dioxide Using Combined Process of Membrane, LNG Cold Heat Assisted Cryogenic Distillation)

  • 고영수;장경룡;김정훈;조영주;조정호
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.90-96
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    • 2024
  • In this paper, a new technology to obtain electronic grade, highly pure carbon dioxide by using membrane and liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold heat assisted cryogenic distillation has been proposed. PRO/II with PROVISION release 2023.1 from AVEVA company was used, and Peng-Robinson equation of the state model with Twu's alpha function to predict pure component vapor pressure versus temperature more accurately was selected for the modeling of the membrane and cryogenic distillation process. Advantage of using membrane separation instead of selecting absorber-stripper configuration for the concentration of carbon dioxide was the reduction of carbon dioxide capture cost.

Emerging membrane technologies developed in NUS for water reuse and desalination applications: membrane distillation and forward osmosis

  • Teoh, May May;Wang, Kai Yu;Bonyadi, Sina;Yang, Qian;Chung, Tai-Shung
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2011
  • The deficiency of clean water is a major global concern because all the living creatures rely on the drinkable water for survival. On top of this, abundant of clean water supply is also necessary for household, metropolitan inhabitants, industry, and agriculture. Among many purification processes, advances in low-energy membrane separation technology appear to be the most effective solution for water crisis because membranes have been widely recognized as one of the most direct and feasible approaches for clean water production. The aim of this article is to give an overview of (1) two new emerging membrane technologies for water reuse and desalination by forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD), and (2) the molecular engineering and development of highly permeable hollow fiber membranes, with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) as the main focuses for the aforementioned applications in National University of Singapore (NUS). This article presents the main results of membrane module design, separation performance, membrane characteristics, chemical modification and spinning conditions to produce novel hollow fiber membranes for FO and MD applications. As two potential solutions, MD and FO may be synergistically combined to form a hybrid system as a sustainable alternative technology for fresh water production.

중공사형 분리막에 대한 직접접촉식 막분리 공정의 수치해석 (A Numerical Analysis of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation for Hollow Fiber Membrane)

  • 신호철;정건용
    • 멤브레인
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.342-350
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    • 2010
  • 막증류는 소수성이 강한 0.1 내지 $0.5{\mu}m$의 정밀여과막을 통하여 휘발도가 상대적으로 큰 성분을 증발시켜 분리하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 중공사형 분리막을 이용한 직접접촉식 막증류 공정을 "COMSOL Multiphysics" 프로그램을 이용하여 수치해석 하였으며 유체의 유입온도, lumen 및 shell side 공급 유속의 변화로 인한 투과량의 변화를 해석하였다. Lumen 공급용액의 온도가 30 에서 $50^{\circ}C$까지 증가할 경우 막증류 투과량은 1.0에서 $3.8L/m^2{\cdot}hr$ 까지 증가하였으나 shell 유체온도 영향은 상대적으로 낮았다. 또한 lumen 공급유속에 따른 막증류 투과량과 운전 압력손실을 고려할 경우 0.15 m/s ($Re_L=135$)일 때 가장 효율적임을 확인하였다.

파일럿 규모 막 증발 공정 적용을 위한 직접 접촉식 모듈의 투과유속 및 열에너지 이동에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Flux and Heat Transfer of Direct Contact Type Module Applied for a Pilot Scale Membrane Distillation Process)

  • 김승환;김세운;이동우;조진우
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.229-236
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    • 2017
  • In this study, a direct contact membrane module was manufactured to be used in a pilot scale membrane distillation process to treat $3m^3/day$ of the digestate produced from anaerobic digestion of livestock manure. In order to investigate the performance of the membrane module, permeate flux was measured with and without spacer inside the module under various condition of temperature difference and cross flow velocity (CFV) through the membrane surfaces. Flux recovery rate after chemical cleaning was also investigated by applying three different cleaning methods. Additionally, thermal energy consumption was theoretically simulated based on actual pilot plant operation conditions. As results, we observed flux of the module with spacer was almost similar to the theoretically predicted value because the installation of spacer reduced the channeling effect inside the module. Under the same operating condition, the permeate flux also increased with increasing temperature difference and CFV. As a result of chemical in-line cleaning using NaOCl and citric acid for the fouled membranes, the recovery rate was 83.7% compared to the initial flux when NaOCl was used alone, and 87% recovery rate was observed when only citric acid was used. However, in the case of using only citric acid, the permeate flux was decreased at a rapid rate. It seemed that a cleaning by NaOCl was more effective to recover the flux of membrane contaminated by the organic matter as compared to a cleaning by citric acid. The total heat energy consumption increased with increasing CFV and temperature difference across the membrane. Thus, further studies should be intensively conducted to obtain a high permeate flux while keeping the energy consumption to a minimum for a practical application of membrane distillation process to treat wastewater.

Osmotic membrane distillation with continuous regeneration of stripping solution by natural evaporation

  • Gryta, Marek
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제4권4호
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    • pp.223-236
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    • 2013
  • The paper presents an experimental set-up for osmotic membrane distillation, which can be operated continuously for several weeks. NaCl solutions were used as an osmotic solution. The influence of osmotic solution concentration on the obtained permeate flux is presented. The experimental set-up was equipped with a system for the regeneration of dilute brine. The regeneration was carried out using a method of natural evaporation to the air surrounding the installation. The evaporation area was created by the Białecki rings, assembled in the form of tower. The obtained evaporation rate was sufficient to maintain a constant NaCl concentration (over 300 g/L), for air with the relative humidity in the range of 30-80%. Accurel PP S6/2 hydrophobic polypropylene membranes were used in the study. The membranes exhibited 100% rejection for 600 h of the process duration.

Desalination of geothermal water by membrane distillation

  • Gryta, M.;Palczynski, M.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.147-158
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    • 2011
  • Membrane distillation process was used for desalination of hot (333 K) geothermal water, which was applied in the plant producing heating water. The investigated water contained 120 g salts/$dm^3$, mainly NaCl. The mineral composition was studied using an ion chromatography method. The obtained rejection of solutes was closed to 100%, but the small amounts of $NH_3$ also diffused through the membrane together with water vapour. However, the composition of obtained distillate allowed to use it as a makeup water in the heating water system. The geothermal water under study was concentrated from 120 to 286 g NaCl/$dm^3$. This increase in the solution concentration caused the permeate flux decline by a 10-20%. The geothermal water contained sulphates, which was subjected to two-fold concentration to achieve the concentration 2.4-2.6 g $SO{_4}{^{2-}}/dm^3$ and the sulphates then crystallized in the form of calcium sulphate. As a results, an intensive membranes scaling and the permeate flux decline was observed. The XRD analysis indicated that beside the gypsum also the NaCl crystallites were deposited on the membrane surfaces. The fresh geothermal water dissolved the mixed $CaSO_4$ and NaCl deposit from the membrane surface. This property can be utilized for self-cleaning of MD modules. Using a batch feeding of MD installation, the concentration of geothermal water was carried out over 800 h, without significant performance losses.