• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2014

The slagging which generated from ash deposition on furnace wall and tube in boiler reduces the heat transfer efficiency and damages to safety of boiler. The slag flow behavior in boiler is affected by melting temperature which is related to ash compositions. In this study, the behavior of slag is researched by using ash fusibility test, called TMA (Thermo-Mechanical Analysis). The technique measures the percentage shrinkage as the function of temperature, T25%, T50%, T75%, T90%. These temperatures indicate different stages of melting. Then, the effect of ash chemical compositions measured from XRF (X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer) to ash fusion temperatures is discussed. Among the chemical compositions, refractory and fluxing influence on ash fusibility is described. High levels of refractory component and limited amount of fluxing components ($Fe_2O_3$, $K_2O$, CaO) increase overall melting temperatures. High $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ ratio decrease high melting temperatures (T75%, T90%). Meanwhile, the presence of reasonable levels of fluxing components reduces overall melting temperature. A presence of fluxing component such as $K_2O$ and CaO is found to decrease the T25% values significantly. From this research, it is possible to make a reasonable explanation and prediction of ash fusion characteristic from analysis of TMA results and ash chemical compositions.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.384-388
• /
• 2019

In winter season, the snow and ice accretion on the bottom of the high speed railway rolling stock and boogie part has fallen at a high speed from the ballast section (gravel section for the transmission of the rolling stock load received by sleepers and fixing sleepers), causing the gravel to be scattered, thereby damaging the railway rolling stock structures and facilities. In order to solve these problems, the gravel scattering prevention net, manual de-icing, and movable hot air machine were used, but their efficiency was low. For the more efficient de-icing than ever before, an optimum material for de-icing fluid for high speed railway rolling stock was developed by evaluating the ice melting capacity, kinematic viscosity, evaporation of the material used as a chemical de-icing fluid. Four kinds of organic acid salts (sodium formate, sodium acetate, potassium formate and potassium acetate) and two different alcohols (propylene glycol, glycerol) were used as evaluation materials. Potassium formate, potassium acetate, and propylene glycol had similar ice melting capacities in the indoor test, but the propylene glycol showed the best ice melting capacity in spraying the system simulation test. This is because the kinematic viscosity of propylene glycol was 2.989029 St, which is higher than those of other materials therefore, it could stay longer on the ice and de-icing. In addition, potassium formate and potassium acetate were difficult to be used since the crystals precipitated and adversely affected the appearance of the rolling stock. The propylene glycol is the most optimum as an de-icing fluid for the high speed railway rolling stock.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2006

The steel foundries with electric arc furnaces handling metal scraps have recently gained an attention as a potential source of dusts. The present study focuses on the analysis of dust emissions and removals during furnace charging and melting processes by commercial CFD software named FLUENT. A body fitted grid system consisting of 880,000 meshes was first generated by Gambit for the electric arc furnace with the capacity of 60 ton/cycle and then FLUENT was invoked to solve the corresponding NavierStokers equation for the momentum, temperature and dust concentration. The entire processes from metal charging to metal melting were simulated to investigate the unsteady behaviors of fluid flows and dust concentrations. The model simulation results showed that as the top of the electric arc furnace opened for metal charging, hot plumes bursted out from the furnace rose strongly by buoyance and escaped mostly through the main hood. Therefore, the capacity of main hoods determined the vent efficiency in the metal charging process. As the furnace was closed after the metal charging and the metal melting processes was followed, the hot flow stream stretching from the furnace to the main hood was dissipated fast and the flow from the inlet of the bottom of the left hand side to the main and monitoring hoods constituted the main stream. And there was only a slow flow in the right hand side of the furnace. Therefore, the dust concentrations were calculated higher in the left hand side of the furnace, which was consistent with observations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2010

The economical efficiency and easy ship building have enabled to spread FRP ships in the shipbuilding field. As waste FRP ships have been thrown away at a river or within a harbour, this matter has become issues. For the improvement of this matter, the melting technique and system of waste FRP ships was developed. But, Decision making was required for a location plan of the melting system of waste FRP ships. It's recognized that the location decision of this system is difficult due to the dependence on technical, economical, environmental factors. In this paper, we survey the primary factors of location-economic, life-environment, infrastructure and make up a question for the experts. We also calculate the important weight and related weight using Fuzzy AHP, Limiting probability method and discuss on the calculation results on the proposed sites.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1519-1526
• /
• 2013

This study reviewed the capturing performance of a canopy hood used in some melting processes of a casting manufacturing factory through a site survey. In addition, this study compared and evaluated the flow field and pressure field for the plans to enhance the hazardous air pollutants collection capacity by using CFD model. The case-2(flange attached + double hood) can be improved in terms of collection performance, but is expected to increase in hood static pressure by about 70% more than the existing structure, so it was shown that its site applicability is not good. It is judged that the shape of case-3(flange attached + double cone attached) is most suitable to improve the suction efficiency. This is because a double cone is installed at the center of the opening to concentrate the flow rate on the edge of the hood and control the hume rising to the center of the hood without a static pressure rise via the slope of the cone.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2001

Deicers have used for melting snow on the road during winter season, but they have largely influenced on environment and public assets and human health. The pollution level of snow and soil contained deicer was analyzed and evaluated the characteristics of deicers. The results were as follows 1. In the result of measurement of pollutants in snow contained deicer, the pH was a little higher than a comparative group and the concentration of $Cl^{-}$ ranged from 0.5% to 0.87%, and the electric conductivity ranged 12.4 to 24.6 mmho/cm. The concentration of Cd, As, and Hg was not detected, but those of Cu, Pb, Cr was higher than a comparative group. 2. In soil of the road spreaded with deicer, the pH is getting alkalized and the concentration of $Cl^{-}$ was high in January and returned the level of a comparative grout) in November by physical and chemical reaction with deicer, but the concentration of heavy metals were not connected with deicers. 3. In comparison of deicing efficiency, the concentration of $Cl^{-}$ was 3.3~5times high in spreading with deicer before snowing than after snowing. The concentration of $Cl^{-}$ in NaCl was higher than $CaCl_2$, but the deicing efficiency of Nacl was better than that of $CaCl_2$. Moreover, the new deicer have no salt, but deicing efficiency of new deicer was less than that of NaCl and $CaCl_2$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.195-201
• /
• 1978

The radiation-induced graft polymerization of methacrlic acid and methyl methacrylate onto a polyester fabric was investigated with ${\gamma}$-ray as the radiation source, and the rate of grafting was examined. When acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and methyl methacrylate were grafted onto a polyester fabric, grafting efficiency was depened upon the dielectric constant of the solvent in the monomer mixture. The yield of the graft polymerization was related to the total dose, the concentration of the monomer, and the concentration of the swelling agent. The melting point and the glass transition temperature of MA and MMA grafted copolymers were analysed by means of DTA. Physical properties, such as the moisture regain, the antistatic property, and the wicking time were measured.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2010.03a
• /
• pp.167-168
• /
• 2010

Non coating type Low melting yarn(L/M PET) not to use the polyurethane resin causing some problems was knitting and evaluated its dyeing characteristics, heat setting properties and flame-retardant properties without flame retardant agent or flame retardant fabric. In order to investigate the dyeing property of fabric of L/M PET, the dyeing of L/M PET was experimented at each different dyeing temperature. Higher exhaustion yield was achieved at lower temperature of L/M PET compared to regular PET. According to result of the study for the heat setting properties of L/M fiber, the K/S value of dyed L/M fiber increased as much as the heat setting temperature did. The experiment for the light fastness reached similar result to dyed PET. However washing fastness in L/M fiber showed lower grade compared with regular PET. flame-retardant efficiency of L/M PET without flame retardant agent or flame retardant fabric measured by $45^{\circ}$ burn test and Contact burn test. The flame?retardant performance of the sample was carried out according to the Korea Fire-fighting Standard.[KOFEIS 1001].

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 2008

A new convenient magnet array module is designed to investigate effects of magnetic field array on magnetron discharge characteristics. Magnetic field analysis showed good agreement of measured discharge region by a CCD device which has a high quantum efficiency over visible wavelength range. OES (optical emission spectroscopy) showed major emission peaks are from electronic transitions in 400 nm range and 800 nm range. Effects of driving voltage characteristics were analyzed in a point of electron drift trajectories and ionizing collision frequencies. Pulsed dc with a fast rising and falling time was analyzed to have potential to increase ionization collisions by putting a burst of hot electrons and to raise sheath potential. From measured voltage and current waveform, maximum of -1000 V peak was generated with $-400\;V_{rms}$ conditions. Possibility of a properly designed magnetron cathode was shown to be used as a melting device. Cu was successfully melted with power density of a several tens of $W/cm^2$.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.41-41
• /
• 2010

에어컨용 냉매 압축기, 냉장고용 냉매압축기 및 자동차 샷시 부품들은 주로 겹치기 필릿용접을 GMAW 으로 실시하고 있다. 그러나 용접 시 스패터 발생으로 인한 추가공수가 요구되며 작업환경 또한 열악한 실정이다. 따라서 저가의 고생산이면서 용접비드의 외관이 미려하고 스패터, 소음 그리고 Fume 이 발생되지 않는 청정한 TIG 용접이 있지만, 용접속도가 수십 cpm 이하로 제한되어 생산성이 낮다는 기술적 모순을 가지고 있다. TIG 용접에서 생산성을 증가시키기 위해 모재와 와이어를 고속 용융 시키려면 전류를 높여 입열량을 증가시켜야 하지만, 증가된 전류로 인하여 상승된 아크력이 험핑비드와 언더컷이 발생되는 물리적 모순을 가진다. 또한 필러와이어를 사용한 기존의 TIG 용접에서 필러 와이어는 주로 원형 단면 와이어를 사용하게 되는데 와이어의 직경이 증가함에 따라 비표면적은 감소하여 용융효율이 낮아지므로 $\Phi$1.2 이하의 필러와이어를 송급하여 용접하였다. 그러나 요구되는 용착량이 큰 경우 필러 와이어를 고속으로 송급하게 되는데 이 경우 필러 와이어 용융이 곤란하거나 송급상의 문제가 자주 생겨 용접속도를 고속으로 하기 곤란하였다. 따라서 필러와이어를 사용한 TIG 용접에서 용착금속의 용융효율을 높게 함으로서 전류를 크게 증가시키지 않으면서도 용접속도를 높일 수 있는 용접 공정개발이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 비표면적을 증가시켜 용착금속의 높은 용융효율을 얻을 수 있도록 개발된 와이어와 기존의 $\Phi$3.2 일반와이어 및 를 이용하여 BOP TIG 용접에 비교 실험하였으며, 개발된 와이어와 기존의 $\Phi$1.2 필러와이어를 이용하여 필릿용접부에 적용 실험하여 비교하였다. 그 결과 개발된 와이어의 경우 적절한 비드를 형성하였으나 3.2 일반와이어의 경우 과도한 볼록비드와 불용착부의 문제가 발생하였고, 필릿용접 비교실험에서는 각각 200cpm과 50cpm에서 적절한 비드가 형성되어 더 높은 용착금속 용융효율을 얻을 수 있었다.