• 폴리머
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2003

불소계 섬유용 발수$.$발유제의 제조에 일반적으로 쓰이는 과불소알킬아크릴레이트 및 노말알킬아크릴레이트의 공중합체를 유화 중합법으로 제조할 시 계면활성제, 유기용매, 내구성 향상 목적으로 소량 첨가되는 기능성 단량체 및 공중합체의 결정 용융 온도 (T$_{m}$ )변화에 따른 고분자 라텍스의 입자 직경 변화와 그들의 표면 특성 (접촉각 및 발수도)의 변화를 관찰하였다 또한 WAXD 실험을 통해 공중합체의 T$_{m}$ 의 변화에 따른 공중합체의 곁사슬의 채움구조 변화를 조사하였으며 이를 통해 표면 특성과의 관계를 연구하였다. 그리고 과불소알킬아크릴레이트와 더불어 말단기가 약간 다른 불소아크릴레이트, [CH$_2$= CH$CO_2$CH$_2$(CF$_2$CF$_2$)nH] (n=4,5,6)를 사용한 불소아크릴레이트 공중합체도 동시에 합성하여 공중합체의 곁사슬의 채움구조, 말단기($CH_3$-,CF$_3$-,CHIF$_2$-)의 종류 및 농도변화에 따른 표면 특성 (접촉각, 발수도 등)의 변화를 관찰하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.196-203
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• 1982

본 논문에서는 고리 1호기의 기사용 핵연료 집합체를 수송하기 위한 Cask를 설계하였다. 이를 위하여 고리 1호기의 기사용 핵연료 집합체로부터 방출되는 감마선과 중성자를 계산하여 MORSE 및 ANISN전산 코드로써 차폐 계산을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 9개의 집합체를 동시에 수송할 수 있는 Steel Cask가 가장 적합하다는 것을 밝혔다. 이 Steel Cask에 대한 안전성을 평가하기 위하여 연료봉의 중심 온도와 복재온도를 계산하여 핵연료의 용융점보다 훨씬 낮음을 증명하였다. 또한 KENO와 MORSE전산 코드를 사용하여 임계도 계산을 수행하여 미임계 상태임을 증명하였다. 이로써 9개의 기사용 핵연료 집합체를 동시에 수송할 수 있는 Steel Cask를 간단히 설계하였다.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.936-936
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• 2006

Bulk amorphous materials have been intensively studied to apply for various advanced industry fields due to their high mechanical, chemical and electrical properties. These materials have been produced by several techniques such as mechanical alloying, melt spinning and gas atomization, etc. Among them, the atomization is the most potential technique for commercialization due to high cooling rate during solidification of the melt and mass productivity. However, the amorphous powders still have some limitations because of their low ductility and toughness. Therefore, intensive efforts have to be carried out to increase the ductility and toughness. In this study, the Ni-based amorphous powder was produced by the gas atomization process. And in order to increase the ductile toughness, ductile Cu phase was coated on the Ni amorphous powder by spray drying process. The characteristics of the as-synthesis powders have been examined and briefly mentioned. The master alloy with $Ni_{57}Zr_{20}Ti_{16}Si_2Sn_3$ was prepared by vacuum induction melting furnace with graphite crucible and mold. The atomization was conducted at $1450^{\circ}C$ under the vacuum of $10^{-2}$ torr. The gas pressure during atomization was varied from 35 to 50 bars. After making the Ni amorphous powders, the spray drying was processed to produce the Cu -coated Ni amorphous composite powder. The amorphous powder and Cu nitrate solution were mixed together with a small amount of binder and then it was sprayed at temperature of $130^{\circ}C$ and rotating speed of 15,000 R.P.M.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1841-1847
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• 2008

Vibrio vulnificus is a causative agent of serious diseases in humans, resulting from the contact of wound with seawater or consumption of raw seafood. Several studies aimed at detecting V. vulnificus have targeted vvh as a representative virulence toxin gene belonging to the bacterium. In this study, we targeted the rpoS gene, a general stress regulator, to detect V. vulnificus. PCR specificity was identified by amplification of 8 V. vulnificus templates and by the loss of a PCR product with 36 non-V. vulnificus strains. The PCR assay had the 273-bp fragment and the sensitivity of 10 pg DNA from V. vulnificus. SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay targeting the rpoS gene showed a melting temperature of approximately $84^{\circ}C$ for the V. vulnificus strains. The minimum level of detection by real-time PCR was 2 pg of purified genomic DNA, or $10^3$ V. vulnificus cells from pure cultured broth and $10^3$ cells in 1 g of oyster tissue homogenates. These data indicate that real-time PCR is a sensitive, species-specific, and rapid method for detecting this bacterium, using the rpoS gene in pure cultures and in infected oyster tissues.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2004

In order to investigate behavior of abnormal expansion of the iron-copper compacts, we compared the dilatometric curves of the compacts which mixed the copper powder to the iron powder with those of compacts which mixed the copper powder to the iron-copper alloy powder. The dilatometric curves were obtained below the sintering conditions, which heated up to 115$0^{\circ}C$ by a heating rate of 1$0^{\circ}C$/min, held for 60min at 115$0^{\circ}C$ and cooled down at a rate of 2$0^{\circ}C$/min to room temperature. The dilatometric curves of the compacts showed the different expansion behavior at temperatures above the copper melting point in spite of same chemical composition. All of the compacts of former case showed large expansion, but all of the compacts in latter case showed large contraction. The microstructures of sintered compacts also showed the different progress in alloying of the copper into the iron powder. Namely we could observe the segregation at alloy part of copper into iron powder in case of the sintered compacts, which mixed the copper powder to the iron powder, but could not observe the segregation in compacts which mixed the copper powder to the iron-copper alloy powder. But the penetration of liquid copper into the interstices between solid particles was occurred at both cases. Therefore, the showing of the different dimensional changes in the compacts in spite of same chemical composition is due to more the alloying of copper into iron powder than the penetration of liquid copper into the interstices between solid particles.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2018

Modern manufacturing industries is to produce both precise and robust mechanical parts without failure while they are in service. In order to prevent a part failure for its lifetime, a mechanical design for a part should be examined on a basis of mechanical simulation. A nozzle plate, being a key part in steam engines, changes flow directions of steam in a turbine used in power plant. This paper is to the design and test for part safety and durability. Currently, nozzle plates are fabricated by welding nozzles to their plates. Welding causes some defects on the used materials while they are being manufactured. Another major defect is un-even pitches between welded nozzles. Welding causes phase changes because of high melting temperature of metal. This leads to decay on the welding spots, which weakens their structural strength and then, may lead to early damages on mechanical structures. This research proposes assembly-typed nozzle plate without welding. From the beginning, nozzle and plate are designed for insertion-typed assembly. Nozzle head and foot are designed in accordance with the grooves on outer ring and inner ring of a plate to make mating surfaces. Then the nozzle plate should be proved for structural and fatigue safety before they are put in manufacturing. This research adopts commercial softwares for modeling and mechanical simulation. The test result shows that the design with smaller mating area and deeper insertion produces higher safety in terms of structure and durability. From the conclusion, this paper proposes the assembly-typed nozzle plate to replace the welding typed.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2005

유연사슬길이가 6인 4,4'-bis(6-hydroxy hexoxy)biphenyl (BP-6)의 메소겐 디올을 합성하였고, 이것을 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)와 용액축중합하여 폴리우레탄 (MPU-6)을 합성하였다. 합성된 MPU-6는 $0.23{\sim}0.56 dL/g$의 고유점도를 보였다. MPU-6는 X-ray, 편광현미경으로부터는 액정을 형성할 수 있었으나, DSC로 분석 시에는 액정거동을 관찰할 수 없는 '가상액정'의 거동을 보였다. 또한 MPU-6의 분자량이 낮을수록 결정화 속도와 결정화 온도가 높음을 알 수 있었으며 이는 분자량이 낮을수록 고분자의 mobility가 증가함으로써 메소겐기의 배향이 용이하고, 이것이 기핵으로 작용하였기 때문으로 생각된다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.100-109
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• 2015

Environmental problems from petroleum-based plastic wastes have been rapidly increasing in recent years. The alternative solution is focus on the development of environmental friendly plastic derived from renewable resource. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer synthesized from biomass having potential to replace the petroleum-based non-degradable polymers utilizations. PLA can be synthesized by two methods: (1) ring-opening of lactide intermediate and (2) direct polycondensation of lactic acid processes. The latter process has advantages on high yields and high purity of polymer products, materials handling and ease of process treatments. The polymerization process of PLA synthesis has been widely studied in a laboratory scale. However, the mass scale production using direct polycondensation of lactic acid has not been reported. We have investigated the kinetics and scale-up process of direct polycondensation method to produce PLA in a pilot scale. The order of reaction is 2 and activation energy of lactic acid to lactic acid oligomers is 61.58 kJ/mol. The pre-polymer was further polymerized in a solid state polymerization (SSP) process. The synthesized PLA from both the laboratory and pilot scales show the comparable properties such as melting temperature and molecular weight. The appearance of synthesized PLA is yellow-white solid powder.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2004

Three banana-shaped achiral compounds, 4-chloro-1,3-phenylene bis [4-{4-(undecenyloxy)phenyl imino-methyl} benzoate] derivatives, were synthesized with variation of a substituent (x=H, F, Cl); their antiferro-electric properties are described. The smectic mesophases, including a switchable chiral smectic C(Sm $C^{\ast}$) phase, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, triangular wave method, and X-ray diffractometry. The presence of vinyl groups at the terminals of linear side wings in the banana-shaped achiral molecules induced a decrease in melting temperature and formation of the switchable Sm $C^{\ast}$ phase in the melt. The smectic phase having a lateral fluorine-substituent at 3-position of the Schiff's base moiety showed antiferroelctric switching, and the value of spontaneous polarization on reversal of an applied electric field was 250 nC/$cm^2$ .

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.454-469
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• 2006

Today, there is considerable evidence to support a cause-effect relationship between microbial colonization and the pathogenesis of implant failures. The presence of bacteria on implant surfaces may result in an inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa, and, if left untreated, it may lead to a progressive destruction of alveolar bone supporting the implant, which has been named as peri-impantitis. Several maintenance regimens and treatment strategies for failing implants have been suggested. Recently, in addition to these conventional tools, the use of different laser systems has also been proposed for treatment of peri-implant infections. As lasers can perform excellent tissue ablation with high bactericidal and detoxification effects, they are expected to be one of the most promising new technical modalities for treatment of failing implants. It is introduced that Er,Cr:YSGG laser, operating at 2780nm, ablates tissue by a hydrokinetic process that prevents temperature rise. We studied the change of the titanium implant surface under scanning electron microscopy after using Er,Cr:YSGG laser at various energies, irradiation time. In this study, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation of implant fixture showed different effects according to implant surface. Er,Cr:YSGG laser in TPS surface with RBM not alter the implant surface under power setting of 4 Watt(W) and irradiation time of 30sec. But in TPS surface with $Ca_3P$ coating alter above power setting of 2W and irradiation time of 10sec. TPS surface with RBM showed microfracture in 4W, 30sec and TPS surface with $Ca_3P$ coating showed destruction of fine crystalline structure, melting in excess of 2W, 10sec. We concluded that proper power setting, air, water of each implant surface must be investigated and implant surface must be irradiated under the damaged extent.