• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2237-2244
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• 2013

In this study, physics based K-DRUM(K-water Distributed RUnoff Model) using GIS spatial hydrologic data as input data was developed to account for the temperature variation according to the altitude change considering snow melt and cover. The model was applied for Pakistan Kunhar River Basin($2,500km^2$) to calculate long-term discharge considering snow melt and cover. Time series analysis of the temperature and rainfall data reveals that temperature and rainfall of the river basin differs significantly according to altitude change compared to domestic basin. Thus, applying temperature and altitude lapse rate during generate input data generation. As a result, calculated discharge shows good agreement with observed ones considering snow melt and accumulation characteristic which has the difference of 4,000 meter elevation above sea level. In addition, the simulated discharge strongly showed snow melting effect associated with temperature rise during the summer season.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.187-196
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• 1997

Oxygen transfer in silicon melts during crystal growth under vertical magnetic fields is investigated numeriaclly and experimentally. A three-dimensional numerical simulation, including melt convection and oxygen transport, is carried out to understand how oxygen transfers in the melt under magnetic fields. Oxygen concentrations in single silicon crystals grown from the melt under these magnetic fields are experimentally measured by using an infrared absoption technique. The rusults obtained are compared to results from a numerical simualtion. An anomalous increase is observed in the oxygen concentration of the grown crystals under a magnetic field of about 0/03 tesla. The cause of this anomaly is identified as Benard instability, since the temperature at the bottom of the crucible is higher than that at interface. When the temperature at the bottom is decreased, the Benard cell can be removed, and a monotonical decrease in the oxygen concentration in the single crystals can be observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05b
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• pp.739-744
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• 1996

The U solubility in the Zircaloy melt including the other investigators' result was investigated in a range of reaction temperatures from 2223k to 2473k and for the mole ratios of UO$_2$ crucible/Zircaloy-4 melt(subsequently abbreviated as UO$_2$/Zry) from 2.4 to 18.2, The U solubility in the melt increased with increasing reaction temperature and with decreasing the mole ratio of UO$_2$/Zry. An empirical correlation was obtained as functions of UO$_2$/Zry mole ratio and reaction temperature including other investigators' results. The experimental results with use of internally heated fuel element simulators were analyzed by the empirical correlation from UO$_2$ crucible experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.169-172
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• 1998

A phyaical model of the Czochralski method for silicon single crystals is designed to measure the change of velocities and temperature profilles in the melt. Wood's metal(Bi 50%, Pb 26.7%, Sn 13.3%, Cd 10%, m.p. 70℃) is used to simulate the silicon melt in the crucible. To measure the local velocity change, electromagnetic probe is adopted as a velocity sensor. The output voltage of the sensor shows linear relationship to the velocity of the melt.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.160-163
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• 2016

Effect of dealloying condition on the formation of nanoporous structure in melt-spun $Al_{60}Ge_{30}Mn_{10}$ alloy has been investigated in the present study. In as-melt-spun $Al_{60}Ge_{30}Mn_{10}$ alloy spinodal decomposition occurs in the undercooled liquid during cooling, leading to amorphous phase separation. By immersing the as-melt-spun $Al_{60}Ge_{30}Mn_{10}$ alloy in 5 wt% HCl solution, Al-rich amorphous region is leached out, resulting in an interconnected nano-porous $GeO_x$ with an amorphous structure. The dealloying temperature strongly affects the whole dealloying process. At higher dealloying temperature, dissolution kinetics and surface diffusion/agglomeration rate become higher, resulting in the accelerated dealloying kinetics, i.e., larger dealloying depth and coarser pore-ligament structure.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.188-192
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• 2005

High $T_c(Y_{0.5}Nd_{0.25}Sm_{0.25})Ba_2Cu_3O_y[(YNS)-123]$ superconductors with/without $CeO_2$ additive were systematically investigated by the zone melt growth process in air. Cylindrical green rods of (YNS)-123 oxides were fabricated by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) method using rubber mould. A sample prepared by this method showed well-textured microstructure, and $(Y_{0.5}Nd_{0.25}Sm_{0.25})_2BaCuO_5[(YNS)211]$ nonsuperconducting inclusions were uniformly dispersed in large $(Y_{0.5}Nd_{0.25}Sm_{0.25})Ba_2Cu_3O_y$[(YNS)123] superconducting matrix. In this study, optimum melting temperature and growth rate were $1100^{\circ}C$ and 3 mm/hr, respectively. The directionally melt-textured (YNS)-123 sample with $CeO_2$ additive showed an onset critical temperature $(T_c)\;T_c{\geq}93K$ and sharp superconducting transition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.113-116
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• 1998

A numerical study was performed on the fluid flow in the melt of the cold model for Czochralski growth system. The fluid flow in the melt of Woods metal with crucible diameter of 20cm was calculated using a three dimensional finite difference method. Since the crucible size is large, fully turbulent model as well as laminar model was used in the calculation. The effects of crucible rotation rate, crystal rotation rate and wall temperature difference on the velocity and temperature distribution were also investigated. For the purpose of verifying the results of calculation, a cold model experiment using Woods metal was also conducted and the velocity distribution in the melt of the model was measured.

• 정보저장시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.26-30
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• 2005

Stamper surface temperature is very critical in replicating the high density optical disc substrates using injection molding as the pit or land/groove patterns on the optical disc substrate have decreased due to the rapid increase of areal density. During the filling stage, the polymer melt in the vicinity of the stamper surfaces rapidly solidifies and the solidified layer generated during polymer filling greatly deteriorates transcribability and fluidity of polymer melt. To improve transcribability and fluidity of polymer melt, stamper surface temperature should be controlled such that the growth of the solidified layer is delayed during the filling stage. In this study, the effect of heating on replication process was simulated numerically. Then, an injection mold equipped with instant active heating system was designed and constructed to raise the stamper surface temperature over the glass transition temperature during filling stage of the injection molding. Also, the closed loop controller using the Kalman filter and the linear quadratic Gaussian regulator was designed. As a result, the stamper surface temperature was controlled according to the desired reference stamper surface temperature.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2006

Stamper surface temperature is very critical in replicating the high density optical disc substrates using injection molding as the pit or land/groove patterns on the optical disc substrate have decreased due to the rapid increase of areal density. During the filling stage, the polymer melt in the vicinity of the stamper surfaces rapidly solidifies and the solidified layer generated during polymer filling greatly deteriorates transcribability and fluidity of polymer melt. To improve transcribability and fluidity of polymer melt, stamper surface temperature should be controlled such that the growth of the solidified layer is delayed during the filling stage. In this study, the effect of heating on replication process was simulated numerically. Then, an injection mold equipped with instant active heating system was designed and constructed to raise the stamper surface temperature over the glass transition temperature during filling stage of the injection molding. Also, the closed loop controller using the Kalman filter and the linear quadratic Gaussian regulator was designed. As a result. the stamper surface temperature was controlled according to the desired reference stamper surface temperature.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2009

The electrical, morphological and rheological properties of melt and dry mixed composites of poly ethylene (PE)/graphite (Gr), polypropylene (PP)/Gr and PP/nickel-coated carbon fiber (NCCF) were investigated as a function of filler type, filler content and processing temperature. The electrical conductivities of dry mixed PP/NCCF composites were increased with decreasing processing temperature. For the melt mixed PP/NCCF composites, the electrical conductivities were higher than those of the melt mixed PE/Gr and PP/Gr composites, which was attributed to the effect of the higher NCCF aspect ratio in allowing the composites to form a more conductive network in the polymer matrix than the graphite does. From the results of morphological studies, the fillers in the dry mixed PP/NCCF composites were more randomly dispersed compared to those in the melt mixed PP/NCCF composites. The increased electrical conductivities of the dry mixed composites were attributed to the more random dispersion of NCCF compared to that of the melt mixed PP/NCCF composites. The complex viscosities of the PP/Gr composites were higher than those of the PP/NCCF composites, which was attributed to the larger diameter of the graphite particles than that of the NCCF. Furthermore, the fiber orientation in the 'along the flow' direction during melt mixing was attributed to the decreased complex viscosities of the melt mixed PP/NCCF composites compared those of the melt mixed PP/Gr composites.