• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.489-514
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• 2008

Since 2005 KICE - TLC has focused on the development of supporting programs for teaching consultation and pedagogical content knowledge(PCK). The purpose of this year's research was to explore types of pedagogical content knowledge(PCK, hereafter) for effective teaching mathematics topics drawn from the amended national mathematics curriculum announced in February, 2007. Based on this year's PCK research, we will develop mathematics teaching consulting program from 2009 research by field testing of developed mathematics PCK. The major source of data for this study was transcripts of audiotapes of the group discussions that took place during the regular weekly meetings where we compared and analyzed three teachers' classes. We also conducted open-ended interviews with the three teachers and collected reflective notes written by participants. This research provided teachers with an opportunity to think about what is important in the teaching of a topic and why, and to consider possibilities for future development. This research highlights the importance of teacher meetings where teachers share their expertises and insights through reflection and dialogue. By introducing the concept of PCK, examining, analyzing and modelling it in pre-service and in-service teacher education practice, we can contribute to extend teachers' professional learning. Finally, just like quality student learning, quality teaching and teacher education practices require critical reflection and careful scaffolding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

This study targets flower-viewing sites appearing in "Kyungdojapji" and talks about the seasonal customs and tourist attractions of the later Chosun; Pilundae, Bukdun, Outside of Dongdaemun, Cheonyunjeong and near Seodaemun etc. Through related poetry, paintings and maps, it looks into what scenic elements each attraction was made of and how the elements were felt by visitors. It sub-divided and analyzed scenic features into objective objects, subjective emotions and experienced behaviors. As a result, representative objective objects were flowers and there were also scenes where people enjoyed poem-writing meetings along with drinking-related physical elements such as liquor, liquor glasses, liquor bottles etc. Through drawing out scenes, where users gave meaning to objective objects, it tried to interpret what space meant to them, through which the meaning of flower-viewing attractions is first and foremost a space to enjoy artistic taste. Each space is used as the center of cultural creation such as literary people gathering, viewing flowers, drinking and having poetry-writing meetings. Second, as shown in scenes viewers depicted in each space, visitors were confirmed to enjoy scenes through multi-sensory appreciation. By this, flower-viewing attractions were confirmed to be not just flower-viewing but also venues of sensory experience. This study, which drew out the scenic features of traditional flower-viewing attractions, is expected to be basic material in tracing the flower-viewing enjoyed by our ancestors as a pastime and its spatial meaning and in planning Korea-unique flower-viewing attractions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 2022

Objectives: In order to reduce the burden on employers and increase the reliability of measurement results, improvements to the provisions related to the work environment measurement reporting system, such as the current Occupational Safety and Health Act and its Enforcement Rules, are planned. This study aimed to suggest improvements for the work environment measurement reporting system through a survey and Delphi investigation. Method: This survey included workplaces (health managers), national institutions (the Ministry of Employment and Labor) that use the results of the work environment measurement reporting system for policy and supervision purposes, and work environment measurement institutions that enter the results were included. In addition to the survey, we tried to derive results through meetings with stakeholders and expert advisory meetings. Results: It is difficult to abolish or partially improve the reporting system under the Enforcement Regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act at this point because the opinions of workplaces, supervisory agencies, and measuring agencies differ in terms of its intended purpose and use. In the case of high-exposure harmful factors (over 50% on the basis of exposure) in the "comprehensive opinion" described in the work environment measurement results table, it is necessary to insert unit of work with exposed harmful factors, exposure factors, and current conditions in checklists or tables so that they can be reflected in government policies. In the case of workplaces that are feared to be highly exposed to substances subject to measurement, it seems desirable to improve them so that industrial health instructors registered with the Korea Safety and Health Agency or local labor offices can provide technical guidance. As an improvement plan to increase the reliability of data and the use of big data, it is necessary to improve the input method for processes and jobs. Conclusion: The laws and regulations of the work environment measurement reporting system are difficult to revise due to a lack of consensus among current stakeholders, but improvements can be achieved by improving the Ministry of Employment and Labor's notifications and other means. In addition, in order to effectively utilize the data from the K2B system, it is necessary to improve the input method for processes and jobs.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.77-101
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• 2022

In this study, the current status of the public library steering committee, which is operated in accordance with Article 30 Paragraphs 2 and 3 of the Libraries Act, was examined and understood through a survey, and the direction of the promotion and policy for revitalizing the steering committee was sought moving forward. As a result of the analysis performed, the number of operations is once or twice a year, and the decisions of the steering committee meetings are reported to their supervisors, yet the reporting and disclosure of the meeting minutes are not mandatory in terms of regulations, etc., and while the importance was recognized, it turned out that the operation was carried out formally due to the lack of personnel in charge. The primary factors for revitalizing the operation were investigated as the structure of the committee, the responsibilities and authority of the committee, and the assignment of dedicated staff, etc. While there was a high perception that the enactment of a standard ordinance (proposal) was necessary, the concerns about the inhibition of autonomy were also mentioned, and hence, it is necessary to enact a standard ordinance(proposal) that sufficiently guarantees autonomy. To revitalize the steering committee, it is necessary to find various utilization and operational plans by considering holding regular meetings, supplementing systems and regulations that can reflect meeting decisions, establishing subcommittees, and assigning dedicated staff.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.573-581
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• 2023

Objective : Due to the implementation of vaccinations and the development of therapeutic agents, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that started at the end of 2019 has entered a new phase. As a result, neurosurgeons should reconsider the way they treat their patients. As the COVID-19 situation prolongs, the change in neurosurgical emergency patients according to the number of confirmed cases is no longer clear. Outpatient treatment by telephone was permitted according to government policy. In addition, visits to caregivers in the intensive care unit were limited. Methods : The electronic medical records of patients who had been treated over the phone for a month (during April 2020, while the hospital was closing) were reviewed. Meanwhile, according to the limited visits to the intensive care unit, a video meeting was held with the caregivers. After the video meeting, satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire. Results : During April 2020, 1021 patients received non-face-to-face care over the telephone. Among the patients, no critical medical problem occurred due to non-face-to-face care. From July 2021 to December 2021, 321 patients were admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit and 107 patients (33.3%) including their caregivers agreed to video visits. Twice a week, advance notice was given that access would be made through a mobile device and the nurse explained to caregivers how to use the mobile device. The time for the video meeting was approximately 20 minutes per patient. Based on the questionnaire, 81 respondents (75.7%) answered that they agreed, and 26 respondents (24.3%) answered that they strongly agreed that was easy to communicate through video meetings. Fifty-two (48.6%) agreed and 55 (51.4%) strongly agreed that they were easy to understand the doctor's explanation. For overall satisfaction with this video meeting, three respondents (2.8%) gave 4/5 points and 95 respondents (88.8%) gave 5/5 points, and nine (8.4%) gave 3/5 points. Their reason was that there was not enough time. Conclusion : In situations where patient visits are limited, video meetings through a mobile device can provide sufficient satisfaction to caregivers. Telemedicine will likely become common in the near future. Health care professionals should prepare and respond to these needs and changes. Therefore, establishing a system with institutional support is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.205-220
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• 2024

This study aims to explore characteristics of pedagogical reasoning and action of beginning science teachers that naturally and spontaneously occurs in a professional learning community. Three novice middle school science teachers who majored chemistry education in A college of education, passed the examination for selecting secondary school chemistry teachers, and had a common goal of designing 8^th grade science lesson plan voluntarily created a professional learning community and had weekly meetings over a year. Main data sources included transcribed audio-recording of 11 meetings of three science teachers in a professional learning community. Data was analyzed using Shulman's pedagogical reasoning model that includes comprehension, transformation, instruction, evaluation, reflection, and new comprehension to identify characteristics and features of pedagogical reasoning in a professional learning community. Data analysis revealed that pedagogical reasoning in a professional learning community comprises not only preparation, representations, instructional selections, and adaptation but also evaluation, reflection, and new comprehension in transformation stage. Reflection in transformation stage leads teachers to be actively engaged in discussion and get new comprehension on each sub-component(preparation, representations, instructional selections, adaptation, and evaluation) of transformation stage.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to identify the level of housing choice behavior by using the factors of residential satisfaction level, mobility motivation, and housing needs of potential purchasers in Bukgu New Housing Area, Ulsan. The survey used questionnaire from 326 households living in Bukgu and nearby area and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research results showed low degree of residential satisfaction in storage space and neighborhood. The mobility motivations were improvement of physical environment improvement, education environment, walking road, view and lighting. The housing needs for indoor spaces showed to want more functional arrangement than the room size. The housing needs for outdoor spaces showed to want neighborhood environment in connection with the education or hospital facilities, the welfare facilities for pre-kindergarten children and elders and the leisure facilities. And the housing needs for facilities were floor furnishing for health, crime prevention system for safety needs, housekeeping appliance against environmental pollution, additional function for energy saving. The housing needs for common spaces showed that the residents preferred playing facilities by age group, exercise facilities, the community hall and the rest room which can do games or meetings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.6 s.96
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• pp.38-50
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• 2005

A chronological classification of Sangbok(상복) and Sibok(시복) for officers in Joseon Dynasty is proposed in this paper. The classification results in four distinct periods according to the usage of Sangbok and Sibok as well as their colers and naming: 1) the mixed usage period, 2) the usage-differentiation period, 3) the name-differentiation period, and 4) name-reversal period. During the mixed usage period which lasted until the early 15th century, Sangbok and Sibok were used with no distinction. In the usage-differentiation period, the King Sejong first made a regulation on the use of colors of Dal-lyung according to the occasion and black colored uniforms were used only for daily cabinet meetings. In the 16th century, the names of Sangbok and Sibok began to be used distinctively: Sangbok for formal clothing in black color and Sibok for ordinary clothing in pink color This period is defined as the name-differentiation period in this paper. In the name-reversal period f·hick begun around the 17th century, the usages as well as the colors of Sangbok and Sibok are totally reversed because of some confusions of the understanding on the previous government publications. However, the distinction of formal clothing and ordinary clothing remained.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.164-169
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• 2003

In this paper, we investigate recognition of human faces in a meeting room. The major challenges of identifying human faces in this environment include low quality of input images, poor illumination, unrestricted head poses and continuously changing facial expressions and occlusion. In order to address these problems we propose a novel algorithm, Dynamic Space Warping (DSW). The basic idea of the algorithm is to combine local features under certain spatial constraints. We compare DSW with the eigenface approach on data collected from various meetings. We have tested both front and profile face images and images with two stages of occlusion. As a result from the experiment, we obtained 82.7% for PCA algotithm, and 89.4% for DSW. We get to obtain 6.9% better result from conductive DSW approach rather than PCA. It turned out to be that it shows more original and unique facial image.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.154-174
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• 2008

Korean public power isn't currently performing its duties of crime prevention or public security services as effectively as the people expect from it due to excessive work load, insufficient budget, and equipment or work force problems, although it should protect the people from increasing crimes. The mutual cooperation between the police and the private security firms can' t be enhanced unless both parties are involved. Above all, the private security companies should secure superior security personnel and provide them with systematic education and training to improve their qualities. The police should also make an effort. In order to foster the private security firms soundly, the police should improve the system if necessary, and establish, guide and monitor the department wholly responsible for the private security affair. Both parties also should deal with crimes systematically by exchanging information for crime prevention, having informal meetings and introducing a joint patrol system. In order to cope with crimes threatening the livelihood of the people in our society, the public and private securities' mutual cooperation plans should be formulated. For this purpose to be achieved, the private security firms and the police should understand each other and bilateral efforts should be made. If both parties understand each other and make an effort, the relationship between them will be improved greatly and developmental plans for preventing crimes can be made.