• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2008

The present study attempted to explore effective scanning and monitoring in process of risk management on agri-marine products distribution policy. The interest public's group interests clash in accordance with theme for issue on marking policy. For executing a better systematic scanning and monitoring on actual affairs of marketing, selecting information personnel, gathering and analysing information, issue and risk management and their valuation with ongoing and simultaneously. Especially, In order to explore effective scanning and monitoring as a model of risk management, the study attempted to analyze within and without environment of marketing, to analyze issue management strategy, to evaluate issue activity for likelihood and impact, risk cycle analysis, interest public's group concerned, grade of interest public's group threatened(power, legitimacy, willingness), rapport(staying close, credibility, meeting expectation). And the study make an ongoing observation progress of subjects, and the serious subjects need have made an close observation. The study suggested to establish friendly relationship between organization and interest public's group, and to regularly accomplish two-way symmetric communication.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.143-162
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the policy framework about "Quantitative and Qualitative Easing (QQE)" of Japan, and analyzes reasons why the policy goal was not reached. The QQE was introduced by the Bank of Japan in 2013 with the purpose of meeting the price stability target of 2% and getting out of deflation that prevents sustained price decline. However, despite the implementation of the bold monetary easing policy unprecedented in the world, the policy goal was not achieved as of June 2018. As a result of analyzing the causes, the following three structural factors were confirmed. 1) The rise in prices by QQE was limited because Japan's consumer price is strongly depending on import price. 2) The effect is high degree of uncertainty and limited because theoretical framework of reflationist which adopted QQE depends on "expectation formation" by "self-fulfilling expectation" and "multiple equilibria". 3) It was confirmed that the expansion of the monetary base did not lead to money stock due to the existence of Japanese liquidity trap, long-term low interest rate policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.100-115
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to provide the necessary data for the effective performance of school nurse's work by comparing with the recognition and expectation on school nurse's work by the students and their teachers in school settings. The sample of this study was consisted of the 441 students and 535 teachers in Suwon. The data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire from 24th, Sept, to 29th, Sept. 1990. The collected data were analyzed utilizing SAS/PC program for percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation and chisquare test. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The result of analysis in recognition on school nurse's work. There is no statistically significant difference 'depending on teachers' school level, sex, age and career with school nurse(P>0.05). The students show significant difference on their school level and sex(P>0.05). Also, in the areas of school nurse's work, school clinic management has the highest recognition and school environment management has the lowest recognition. 2. The result of analysis in expectation on school nurse's work. There is statistically significant difference depending on teachers' and students' school level: the order of expectation is elementary, middle, and high school(P<0.05). In the result of comparison with students' and teachers' expectation in the same school level, there is significant difference only in elementary school(P<0.05). However, there is no statistically significant difference depending on teachers' sex, age, career with school nurse and students' sex(P>0.05). Also, in the areas of school nurse's work, school clinic management has the highest expectation and school environment management has the lowest expectation. Synthesizing the result of the study, we can have the conclusion like following. First, students' recognition on school nurse's work is lower than teachers' because most of school nurse's work is performed through their homeroom teachers or other teachers. That can be the limitation for students to recognize school nurse's work. So, there must be a chance of regular meeting between school nurse and students to perform school nurse's work effectively. For this. we must change our educational system and make school nurse charge regular lesson. Second, in each area of school nurse's work, both students' and teachers' recognition and expectation about the area of school environment management has much lower score than the other areas. This indirectly shows the school nurse don't do the work of the area actively. So, school nurses must make an effort to do the work of the area actively. And we must enforce the education of this area in education for new school nurses or re-education for school nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.393-406
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze the effects of residents participation activities on continued motivation in an urban regeneration project. For the analysis, this study was conducted the survey residents who participated in Cheongju-si urban regeneration project. Based on the survey, this study examined residents' awareness and analyzed the resident participation activities that affect the participation motivation(reward, sense of achievement, sense of expectation)through hierarchical regression analysis. The first of the results, the rewards obtained through participation activities is not affected by all resident participation activities. Second, sense of achievement obtained through participation activities such as pride or satisfaction is affected by both promotion and management of project and daily meeting activities. Finally, sense of expectation for the change of the town is only affected by daily meeting activities. These results help to find out required resident participation activities to give participation motivation inducing the continued participation in the urban regeneration project.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.244-262
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore how the practical knowledge used by an elementary school science teacher during learner-centered science instruction can promote elementary students' construction of positive emotion. Using an auto-ethnographic approach over a period of three months, the researchers collected students' interest diaries, post interviews with students, video recordings in science classes, and students' personal diaries and analyzed them by means of the constant comparative method. In this way, the researchers categorized the structure of the practical knowledge held by the teacher and explained how it was applied in learner-centered science instruction to promote students' construction of positive emotion. Three images of an elementary science teacher's practical knowledge emerged and can be categorized under the following headings: 1) 'From science classroom to science $caf{\acute{e}}$', 2) 'Pleasant experiment class for all students and the teacher', and 3) 'A science class for students who were marginalized'. These images were backed up by principles and rules, and the teacher came to embody these images as he implemented these rules. This study also discusses how the impact of a science teacher's practical knowledge on students' construction of positive emotions can be interpreted as promoting positive outcomes rather than negative sanctions, meeting students' expectation from lab activities, and meeting the specific needs of marginalized students in a science class.

• KSCI Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2001

The present study is concerned with changes evidenced in the studies of Japanese tourist economics that appear in the research reports of Journal of Tourism Research and the Tourist Academic Meeting along the years. Japanese Tourist Economics began to be conducted since the 1960s. After that starting point, many studies have been conducted, containing all of them an optimistic viewpoint as regards the future expectation upon the sightseeing, on the supposition that economy would develop into an advanced economic growth term in the 1970s. Consequently, studies focusing on geography economics flourished in the 1980s. Later on, in the 1990s, research has been conducted considering various kinds of tourist phenomenon.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.61-74
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• 2012

This studies aims to examine the factors that affect continuous usage reliability of social commerce users that has been really active recently based on using EDT (Expectation Disconfirmation Theory) and extended ECM (Expected confirmation Model). With a statistical analysis, this paper suggests a conceptual model, based on the empirical evidence from this study. The result reveal that perceived usage easiness has a positive effect on meeting the expected confirmation and satisfaction. As perceived quality, social influence and price appeared to reflect a positive effect on fulfilling expected confirmation. This implies that users consider perceived usage easiness, perceived quality, social influence and price important in using social commerce persistently and that as their expected confirmation fulfillment and satisfaction increase that leads to further rise in their future intended continuous usage.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.66-78
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• 2012

China is becoming a global hot topic because of its rapid economic growth. However, the country show signs of not meeting the expectation of retaining its long-term industrial competitiveness and economic growth, especially with a widening rich-poor gap and natural resource exhaustion. Realizing inclusive growth requires study of an inclusive innovation solution. In this paper, we analyze the feasibility and development path of China's inclusive innovation based on the framework of a National Innovation System, identify examples of inclusive innovation in China, and seek to provide policy suggestions for China's future sustainable development.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2000

As the environmental industry grew bigger and bigger, the corcern about environmental condition increased and the demand of environmental expert tended to be much more increased. A lot of universities therefore established environment-related departments on campuses and ended up with producing numerous students every single year. However, some problems such as followings were in this study. First, the industry cannot adopt all the students directly from universities due to their low capabilities in environment affairs. Second, the universities yield much more students than the industry can actually adopt. In order to yield the appropriate students meeting the expectation of the industry, it is necessary to permit no more new department established on campus and to adopt new environmental field such as environmental management, eco-auditing and also 3+1 lecture system focused on real affairs.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.72-93
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• 2020

With the proliferation of smart devices, mobile banking has become increasingly important. Customers can manage their banking needs without desktop computers or a face-to-face meeting with bank tellers. However, contrary to expectation of wide-spread use of mobile banking, several factors restrict its adoption. The purpose of this study is to explore what factors affect positively or negatively the adoption of mobile banking from economic (operational competence, convenience, mental accounting), psychological (hope, self-efficacy, optimism, resiliency) and social perspectives (normative social pressure, embarrassment avoidance). This paper suggests that three enablers would consequently affect a customer's perceived utilitarian and hedonic value in mobile banking, followed by trust and intention to use. In testing the hypothesized research model, survey and analysis of a structural equation model using Amos are conducted. The findings emphasize that banks need to focus on perceived utilitarian and hedonic values when considering economic, psychological and social enablers most salient to customers in order to promote greater adoption of mobile banking services.