• 복식
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2004

The first purpose of this study was to compare the fashion zones and fashion brands on the floors in small and medium volume department store with those of big department stores within adjacent trading area. The second purpose was to find out similarity and differentiation of near-by department stores. The third one was to propose the future fashion marketing strategies of the department stores. The methods used were references, internet, field observation, and interview in 2002. Eight department stores within adjacent trading area were classified and analysed In "Gangnam division", "Seocho division＇. and "Youngdeungpo division". The results were as follows : Firstly, there was a low relationship between the degrees of brand equalization of each department store in the "Gangnam, Seocho. and Youngdeungpo division". Secondly, there was an alteration on the floor layout of each department store. It was layed out in a way that allowed for customers, who wanted to just purchase specific items, to go upstairs and look around several stores, which allowed for not only rise in the amount of sales but also offer the convenience of one stop shopping for the customers. Thirdly I proposed several marketing strategies such as lifestyle marketing, relationship marketing, and compile marketing which solves everyday life agenda. I also proposed the solution selling education to develop service education of salesperson. I finally proposed the overriding priority policy by sales record of each store.licy by sales record of each store.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.285-302
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• 2017

Buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are commonly used as the lateral force-resisting systems in building structures in the seismic regions. The nearly-symmetric hysteretic response and the delayed brace core fracture of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) under the axial cyclic loading provide the adequate lateral force and deformation capacity to BRBFs under the earthquake excitation. However, the smaller axial stiffness of BRBs result in the undesirable higher residual drift response of BRBFs in the post-earthquake scenario. Two alternative approaches are investigated in this study to improve the elastic axial stiffness of BRBs, namely, (i) by shortening the yielding cores of BRBs; and (ii) by reducing the BRB assemblies and adding the elastic brace segments in series. In order to obtain the limiting yielding core lengths of BRBs, a modified approach based on Coffin-Manson relationship and the higher mode compression buckling criteria has been proposed in this study. Both non-linear static and dynamic analyses are carried out to analytically evaluate the seismic response of BRBFs fitted with short-core BRBs of two medium-rise building frames. Analysis results showed that the proposed brace systems are effective in reducing the inter-story and residual drift response of braced frames without any significant change in the story shear and the displacement ductility demands.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.273-291
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• 2020

Two-storey X-bracings are currently very popular in European practice, as respect to chevron and simple X bracings, owing to the advantages of reducing the bending demand in the brace-intercepted beams in V and inverted-V configurations and optimizing the design of gusset plate connections. However, rules for two-storey X braced frames are not clearly specified within current version of EN1998-1, thus leading to different interpretations of the code by designers. The research presented in this paper is addressed at investigating the seismic behaviour of two-storey X concentrically braced frames in order to revise the design rules within EN1998-1. Therefore, five different design criteria are discussed, and their effectiveness is investigated. With this aim, a comprehensive numerical parametric study is carried out considering a set of planar frames extracted from a set of structural archetypes that are representative of regular low, medium and high-rise buildings. The obtained results show that the proposed design criteria ensure satisfactory seismic performance.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2018

2018년 부동산시장은 정부의 강력한 부동산규제에 따라 거래가 거의 이루어지지 않고 있고, 미국의 기준금리 인상에 따른 대출금리 상승으로 하락국면으로 접어들 가능성이 높다. 대형건설사는 주요 매출수익은 해외플랜트와 민간개발사업 으로 나누어지는데, 해외플랜트사업은 예상치 못한 설계변경 및 공기지연으로 대규모 손실이 나타나 신용등급이 하락되는 어려움을 겪었다. 민간개발사업의 경우도 부동산시장이 하락국면으로 접어들고 있어 전체적인 사업리스크가 상승하고 있다. 중소형증권사의 경우 증권영업의 적자로 인해 수익을 만회하고자 PF시장에 적극적으로 참여하여 단기간에 많은 영업이익을 시현하였지만, 현재는 서울을 제외한 지역은 분양이 쉽지 않고, 대형건설사 재무상태도 양호하지 않아 기 취급된 PF유동화증권이 우발채무가 발생하면 유동성 위기에 직면할 수 있다. 예전의 저축은행 사태를 경험하였듯이 금융감독원의 선제적인 관리방안과 감독방향을 제시하여 위기를 극복해야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.752-762
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• 2022

Objective: To compare a deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) algorithm for pediatric abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) with filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms. Materials and Methods: Post-contrast abdominopelvic CT scans obtained from 120 pediatric patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 8.7 ± 5.2 years; 60 males) between May 2020 and October 2020 were evaluated in this retrospective study. Images were reconstructed using FBP, a hybrid IR algorithm (ASiR-V) with blending factors of 50% and 100% (AV50 and AV100, respectively), and a DLR algorithm (TrueFidelity) with three strength levels (low, medium, and high). Noise power spectrum (NPS) and edge rise distance (ERD) were used to evaluate noise characteristics and spatial resolution, respectively. Image noise, edge definition, overall image quality, lesion detectability and conspicuity, and artifacts were qualitatively scored by two pediatric radiologists, and the scores of the two reviewers were averaged. A repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to compare NPS and ERD among the six reconstruction methods. The Friedman rank sum test followed by the Nemenyi-Wilcoxon-Wilcox all-pairs test was used to compare the results of the qualitative visual analysis among the six reconstruction methods. Results: The NPS noise magnitude of AV100 was significantly lower than that of the DLR, whereas the NPS peak of AV100 was significantly higher than that of the high- and medium-strength DLR (p < 0.001). The NPS average spatial frequencies were higher for DLR than for ASiR-V (p < 0.001). ERD was shorter with DLR than with ASiR-V and FBP (p < 0.001). Qualitative visual analysis revealed better overall image quality with high-strength DLR than with ASiR-V (p < 0.001). Conclusion: For pediatric abdominopelvic CT, the DLR algorithm may provide improved noise characteristics and better spatial resolution than the hybrid IR algorithm.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.195-195
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• 2010

In recent years, Anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) has become popular and attractive materials. It can be easily fabricated and self-organized pore structures. It has been widely used as a biosensor membrane, photonic crystal for optical circuit and template for nanotube growth etc. In previous papers, the theory was developed that AAO shows anisotropic optical properties, since it has anisotropic structure with numerous cylindrical pores. It gives rise to the anisotropy of the refractive index called as birefringence. It can be used as conventional polarizing elements with high efficiency and low cost. Therefore, we would like to compare the theory and experimental results in this study. One method which can measure effective refractive index of thin film is the prism coupling technique. It can give accurate results fast and simply. Furthermore, we can also measure separately the refractive index with different polarization using polarization of the laser (TE mode and TM mode). We calculated the effective refractive index with effective medium approximations (EMAs) by pore size in the SEM image. EMAs are physical models that describe the macroscopic system as the homogeneous and typical method of all mean field theories.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 상부구조에 있어서 보-기둥 강성비 변화에 따른 골조의 특성과 상부구조와 면진층 간의 진동주기비에 따른 면진효과를 분석해 보고, 상부골조의 주기와 목표 면진주기의 설정에 따라 면진효과가 어떻게 달라지는가에 대한 정보를 제공하여 향후 면진건물을 설계하기 위한 기본계획을 세우는데 있어서 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 그 결과 건물골조의 경우 유효한 면진효과를 얻기 위해서는 최소한 상부구조의 고유진동주기 대비 2.5배 이상의 면진주기를 확보하고, 목표 면진주기를 2.0초 이상으로 설정하여 설계할 것을 추천한다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제8권6호통권40호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 좌굴방지 가새 (BRBF)가 설치된 중저층 철골조 구조물의 초과강도계수를 평가하였다. 해석 모델의 설계변수로는 건물의 층 수, 경간의 길이, 가새의 항복강도, 지진하중의 크기, 반응수정계수 등 다양하게 설정하였다. 초과강도계수는 ATC-19에서 제시하고 있는 방법에 따라 정적 비탄성해석을 이용하여 산정하였다. 해석결과에 따르면 본 연구에서 구한 BRBF의 초과강도계수는 AISC/SEAOC에서 BRBF에 관하여 제시한 초과강도계수 값보다 전체적으로 크게 나타났다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.40-52
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the increase in Grade of Nursing Management Fee of medical institutions and establish a reasonable government policy by examining which factors affect the increase of nurse staffing. Methods: Analyzing data collected from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service resource management department with targets of 1,104 medical institutions. The study period was 5 years from June 30, 2008 to June 30, 2013. SAS ver. 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used for statistical analysis. The data was analyzed by a chi-square test and also conducted muiltivariate logistic regression analyses for variables of basic characteristics, human resource characteristics, and material resources. Results: Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the rise in Grade of Nursing Management Fee among other hospitals compared to hospitals owned by government or universities was 0.264. The AOR in hospitals established after November 2006 compared to those before June 1995 was 2.383. The AOR in Gangwon, Chungcheng South, and Jeolla South Provinces compared to Seoul was 0.084, 0.036, and 0.194, respectively. The AOR in hospitals with more than 6.75 specialists per 100 beds compared to those with less than 6.75 specialists per 100 beds was 7.514. The AOR in hospitals with more than 17.48 nurse per 100 beds compared to those with less than 17.48 nurse per 100 beds was 3.300. The AOR in hospitals with 50% to 75% bed utilization, 75% to 90% bed utilization and more than 90% bed utilization compared to those with less than 50% bed utilization was 5.428, 9.884, and 10.699, respectively. The AOR in hospitals with one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and more than two MRI compared to those with no MRI was 2.018 and 2.942, respectively. Conclusion: This result has showed policies to induce the rise in Grade of Nursing Management Fee among old hospitals and the incentive system for local medical institutions are needed. Also we need to develop a governmental policy for medium-small hospitals with low operation rate of beds and insufficient medical personnel and number of equipment in hospitals.

• 생태와환경
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.210-220
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• 2019

본 연구는 기온상승 강도에 따른 우리나라 주요 참나무류의 종자 발아와 초기생장에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 신갈나무와 졸참나무를 대상으로 온도구배온실을 이용하여 대조구, 중간 강도 온난화 처리구($+1.7^{\circ}C$) 및 강한 강도 온난화 처리구($+3.2^{\circ}C$)를 준비하여 재배실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 발아반응과 초기생장 반응은 기온상승 강도 및 수종에 따라 차이를 보였다. 중간 강도의 온난화 환경은 두 종의 발아반응을 촉진하고, 생장량(묘고, 근원경)과 생물량(잎, 줄기, 뿌리의 건중량 및 총 생물량)을 증가시켜, 초기정착에 다소 유리할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 Tm에서 두 종 모두 대조구보다 낮은 RMR과 높은 H/D율을 나타내, 장기적으로는 생장에 불리하게 작용할 수 있을 것임을 암시한다. 강한 강도의 온난화 환경은 신갈나무와 졸참나무의 발아반응을 촉진시켰으나, 생육기간 종료 시점의 총 생물량은 대조구보다 유의하게 낮았다. 뿌리 생장은 대조구보다 크게 저하되었고, 이로 인하여 RMR은 낮고 S/R율은 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 강한 강도의 온난한 환경이 봄철에는 발아시기를 앞당겨 생장기간을 증가시켰지만, 여름철에는 임계치 이상의 높은 온도가 생장에 스트레스요인으로 작용하는데 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 식물의 생장은 온난화 처리기간, 토양수분, 광환경 등의 환경요인에 따라 다를 수 있으므로, 온난화에 의한 영향을 정확하게 판단하기 위해서는 다른 환경인자에 대한 모니터링과 장기간에 걸친 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 기온상승에 대한 두 식물의 반응을 비교하면, 발아 반응에서 졸참나무가 신갈나무보다 기온상승에 따른 발아율 상승이 높게 반응하였고, 생물량 분배반응에서 신갈나무가 졸참나무보다 민감하게 반응하는 차이를 보였다. 이는 자연에서 양 식물의 공간 분포가 가져오는 미기후 차이에서 비롯된 것으로 판단된다.