• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a central role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. To investigate whether swim training improves obesity and lipid metabolism through $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation in female sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, we measured body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass, serum free fatty acid at 6 weeks as well as the expression of hepatic $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Swim-trained mice had decreased body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass and serum free fatty acid levels compared to high fat diet fed control mice in both female Sham and OVX mice. These reductions were more prominent in OVX than in Sham mice. Swim training significantly increased hepatic mRNA levels of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransgerase-1 (CPT-1), very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) in OVX mice. However, swim trained female Sham mice did not increase hepatic mRNA levels of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation compared to Sham control mice. These results indicate that swim training differentially regulates body weight and adipose tissue mass between OVX and Sham mice, at least in part due to differences in liver $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.193-194
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• 1989

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.20-23
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• 2001

산업적으로 활용성이 높은 특이 지방산을 탐색하기 위하여 8종의 국내 자원식물을 재료로 하여 지방산 조성을 조사한 결과 붓꽃(Iris tectorum) 등 3가지 식물에서 myristic acid(14 : 0)와 lauric acid(12 : 0)등의 중쇄지방산이 함유되어 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 붓꽃에는 myristic acid가 전체 지방산의 75.9%를 차지하였다. 독일붓꽃(Iris germanica)에는 myristic acid와 lauric acid가 전체 지방산의 57%와 15.5% 씩 함유되어 있었다. 꽃창포(Iris ensata) 뿌리에는 lauric acid와 capric acid(10 : 0)가 각각 10.7%와 9.5% 함유되어있었으나 회향(Foeniculum vulgare)과 사상자(Torilis Japonica)의 종실에는 전체 지방산(mg/g dry wt)이 각각 193.3 mg/g과 128.2 mg/g의 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 붓꽃의 부위별 지방산 조성에서는 종실에 linoleic acid(18 : 2)가 64.5%, 잎에 ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid(18 : 3)가 48.9% 그리고 곁뿌리(lateral root)에는 caprylic acid(8 : 0)와 capric acid가 각각 9.5%와 8.6%씩 함유되어 있었으며 붓꽃과 독일붓꽃의 미숙종자에는 myristic acid가 각각 10.8%와 15.6% 함유되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2019

Cuphea viscosissima plants accumulate medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), i.e., those containing 8 ~ 14 carbons, in their seeds, in addition to the longer carbon chain fatty acids (≥16 carbons) found in a variety of plant species. Previous studies have reported the existence of three C. viscosissima MCFA-producing acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases with different substrate specificities. In this study, CvFatB4, a novel cDNA clone encoding an acyl-ACP thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.14), was isolated from developing C. viscosissima seeds. Sequence alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that four catalytic residues for thioesterase activity are conserved and a putative N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide is present. Overexpression of CvFatB4 cDNA, which was under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, in Arabidopsis thaliana led to an increase in 16:0 fatty acid (palmitate) levels in the seed oil at the expense of 18:1 and other non-MCFAs.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2014

Biosynthesis pathway of medium-chain-length (MCL) polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation pathway was constructed in recombinant Escherichia coli by introducing the Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 PHA synthase gene (phaC2) and the maoC genes from Pseudomonas putida, Sinorhizobium meliloti, and Ralstonia eutropha. The metabolic link between fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation pathway and PHA biosynthesis pathway was constructed by MaoC, which is homologous to P. aeruginosa (R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase (PhaJ1). When the E. coli W3110 strains expressing the phaC2 gene and one of the maoC genes from P. putida, Sinorhizobium meliloti, and Ralstonia eutropha were cultured in LB medium containing 2 g/L of sodium decanoate as a carbon source, MCL-PHA that mainly consists of 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx), 3-hydroxyoctanoate (3HO) and 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD), was produced. The monomer composition of PHA and PHA contents varied depending on MaoC employed for the production of PHA. The highest PHA content of 18.7 wt% was achieved in recombinant E. coli W3110 expressing the phaC2 gene and the P. putida maoC gene. These results suggest that MCL-PHA biosynthesis pathway can be constructed in recombinant E. coli strains from the b-oxidation pathway by employing MaoC able to supply (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, the substrate of PHA synthase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.414-421
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the effects of saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) on cell proliferation and triacylglycerol (TAG) content, as well as mRNA expression of ${\alpha}s1$-casein (CSN1S1) and genes associated with lipid and protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Primary cells were isolated from the mammary glands of Holstein dairy cows, and were passaged twice. Then cells were cultured with different levels of palmitate or stearate (0, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 ${\mu}M$) for 48 h and fetal bovine serum in the culture solution was replaced with fatty acid-free BSA (1 g/L). The results showed that cell proliferation tended to be increased quadratically with increasing addition of stearate. Treatments with palmitate or stearate induced an increase in TAG contents at 0 to 600 ${\mu}M$ in a concentration-dependent manner, and the addition of 600 ${\mu}M$ was less effective in improving TAG accumulation. The expression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase and fatty acid-binding protein 3 was inhibited when palmitate or stearate were added in culture medium, whereas cluster of differentiation 36 and CSN1S1 mRNA abundance was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, mammalian target of rapamycin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 with palmitate or stearate had no significant differences relative to the control. These results implied that certain concentrations of saturated LCFA could stimulate cell proliferation and the accumulation of TAG, whereas a reduction may occur with the addition of an overdose of saturated LCFA. Saturated LCFA could up-regulate CSN1S1 mRNA abundance, but further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism for regulating milk fat and protein synthesis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.598-604
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• 2014

Fatty acids, important components of a normal diet, have been reported to play a role in bone metabolism. Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that are responsible for many bone-destructive diseases such as osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the impact of a medium-chain fatty acid, capric acid, on the osteoclast differentiation, function, and survival induced by receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Capric acid inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow-derived macrophages and suppressed RANKL-induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NF-${\kappa}B$ transcriptional activity. Capric acid further blocked the RANKL-stimulated activation of ERK without affecting JNK or p38. The induction of NFATc1 in response to RANKL was also attenuated by capric acid. In addition, capric acid abrogated M-CSF and RANKL-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization, which is crucial for the efficient bone resorption of osteoclasts. Capric acid also increased apoptosis in mature osteoclasts through the induction of Bim expression and the suppression of ERK activation by M-CSF. Together, our results reveal that capric acid has inhibitory effects on osteoclast development. We therefore suggest that capric acid may have potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of bone resorption-associated disorders.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2000

In this study, total lipid and cholesterol contents and fatty acid composition of colostrum milk obtained from 30 normal mothers, 10 mothers who was delivered of preterm infant and 8 pregnancy induced hypertensive mothers were analyzed. While total cholesterol content in preterm colostrum was significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05), total lipid content was not different among three groups, ranged 2.24-.2.2g/dl. Composition of saturated fatty acide, such as lauric acid and myristic acid which are medium chain fatty acids in preterm milk were higher than those of normal-term and hypertensive mother's milk. There was no difference n total composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the rationh of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 among 3 group mother's colostrum, ranged 19.45-21.45% and 6.42-7.87, respectively. but the composition of arachidonic acid and DHA in colostrum of hypertensive mothers were significantly higher than those of normal and preterm mothers. These data indicates that gestational length and complications during pregnancy may change the lipid profile and fatty acid composition of hyman milk colosstrum.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.482-491
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• 1997

유지방 획분의 첨가가 코코아 버터의 지방조성 및 용융 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 여과하여 유지부분인 무수 유지방을 얻었고 용융 결정법으로 유지방을 분획하여 고융점 획분, 중융점 획분1, 중융점 획분 2, 저융점 획분을 얻었고 이들의 융점은 각각 $33.3^{\circ}C,\;31.2^{\circ}C,\;40.6^{\circ}C,\;37.4^{\circ}C,\;33.5℃$와 $6.5^{\circ}C$이었다. 고급지방산$(C16{\sim}C18)$과 포화 지방산의 함량은 융점 감소 순서인 고융점 획분> 중융점 획분1> 중융점 획분2> 무수 유지방> 저융점 획분 순서로 적게 나타났다. 또한 저급지방산$(C4{\sim}C10)$ 및 중급지방산$(C12{\sim}C14)$은 중융점 획분2> 무수 유지방> 고융점 획분> 중융점 획분1> 저융점 획분 순서로 적게 나타났다. 유지방 획분을 코코아 버터에 첨가한 결과 고급 지방산 함량은 유지방 획분의 첨가량에 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 포화 지방산 함량은 저융점 획분을 첨가한 경우에만 감소하였다. 저융점의 유지방 획분일수록 중성지방 조성 중 고급 중성지방의 함량은 적게 나타났다. 유지방 획분이 코코아 버터에 첨가될 때 구성 중성지방 조성을 비교한 결과, 획분의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 고급 중성지방의 함량은 감소되었다. 여러가지 온도에서 측정된 무수 유지방과 유지방의 획분의 고체지방의 함량은 고융점 획분 > 중융점 획분 1> 중융점 획분 2> 무수 유지방> 저융점 획분 순서인 융점감소의 순서로 감소하였고, 코코아 버터에 비해 매우 완만하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 유지방 획분을 코코아 버터에 첨가시켜 온도별로 고체지방의 함량을 측정한 결과 무수 유지방과 유지방 획분들의 첨가량이 증가할수록 각 측정 온도의 고체지방의 함량은 일정한 비율로 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 무수 유지방과 유지방 획분들이 코코아 버터에 혼합하여 사용 할수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.487-492
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of supplementation of high linoleic ($C_{18:2}$) oil or high linolenic ($C_{18:3}$) oil to the diet on milking performance and content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in goat milk fat. Forty five dairy goats (Sumnen, 25 d post-partum, $62.5{\pm}1.2kg$) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups with each group of 15 dairy goats. The goats were fed a basal diet (CON) consisting 1.2 kg concentrate and 1.2 kg chopped hay (0.6 chopped alfalfa and 0.6 kg hay) daily with 4% soybean oil (SO) or 4% linseed oil (LO). Daily feed intake was not influenced (p>0.05) but daily milk yield (p<0.001) and milk fat yield (p<0.001) were significantly increased by supplementation of oils. Supplementation of oils decreased the short chain fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid and saturated fatty acid in goat milk fat while increased trans vaccenic acid (trans-11-$C_{18:1}$, TVA), oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$), $C_{18:2}$, $C_{18:3}$, cis-9, trans-11-CLA (c9, t11-CLA), trans-10, cis- 12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10, c12-CLA), unsaturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acid and long-chain fatty acid in goat milk fat (p<0.001). Especially, c9, t11-CLA, t10, c12-CLA and ${\omega}-3$ fatty acid ($C_{18:3\;n-3}$) in milk fat were highest when goat fed LO diet. Based on the result, it is suggested that supplementation of linseed oil should be an effective method to increase CLA isomers and ${\omega}-3$ fatty acid in goat milk fat without negative effect on lactating performance.