• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to recycle coal ash as structural backfill materials from electric power plants. Two million tons of coal ash are produced annually. The laboratory test was executed for the basic compatibility as substitution for structural backfill materials and the optimal mixture ratio(fly ash : bottom ash) was decided. In addition the model test was performed using medium scale earth pressure model with small size earth pressure cells model box data logger and some other apparatuses. Mixed coal ash and excellent backfill materials(coheisonless soil SW) were compared in the view of lateral earth pressure variation depending on wall displacement. The reduction of earth pressure when coal ash was used as a bockfill material was monitored comparing to that of cohesionless soil. the cost and environmental pollutants by treating coal ash can be reduced through developing the recycling technology.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2342-2344
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• 2000

Many years ago, most of thermal power plants built in this country were of subcritical pressure, of medium or small size, of constant pressure operation, of drum type steam generator. But, nowadays, almost all of them were of high efficiency, of supercritical pressure, of great capacity(about 500MW), of sliding pressure operation, of once through type steam generator. Presently built once through boiler introduces turbine bypass systems to variable pressure operation which eliminates unexpected materials in boiler tube during startup, minimizes fuel loss by short startup period, eventually improves total efficiency and power system stability

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.65.1-65.1
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• 2020

We present high-resolution, high-sensitivity continuum data of NGC 4522 observed at 3 cm (X-band) and 10 cm (S-band) in full polarization mode using the JVLA. This observation has 2 - 4 times better spatial resolution and 2 - 5 times better sensitivity compared to previous continuum observations. NGC 4522 is a Virgo spiral galaxy undergoing active ram pressure stripping. This galaxy is particularly well known for the CO emission detected outside its stellar disk, some of which coincides with the extraplanar HI gas and Halpha patches. The major goal of our JVLA observation is to leverage our understanding of the influence of the ram pressure on the general ISM field and multi-phase medium. By combining our new deep radio continuum data and previous observations, we will investigate how the B-field properties can be affected by the ram pressure, and what roles the B-field plays in the stripping process of the multi-phased ISM and in the star formation activity when the ram pressure is present.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2012

Interactions between the galactic interstellar medium (ISM) and the intra cluster medium (ICM) are believed to be one of the main processes affecting galaxy evolution in cluster environments. The aim of our research is to study the molecular gas properties of a galaxy under the ICM pressure in the cluster environment. It has been well known that cluster galaxies are deficient in atomic hydrogen gas (HI gas) compared to their field counterparts and now there is much evidence that low density ISM is being removed by ram pressure due to ICM wind. Meanwhile, no significant molecular gas deficiency of the cluster galaxy population has been found yet they show overall lower star formation rate than galaxies in the field, and it is still puzzling how the star formation could decrease without stripping of dense molecular gas. To address this issue, we probe the detailed molecular gas properties of NGC 4402, located near the cluster center, as part of a study of four spiral galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. NGC 4402 is well known undergoing ram pressure stripping with a truncated HI disk($D_{HI}/D_{opt}$ - 0.75 and only 36% of HI gas compare to field galaxies of a similar size) and a disturbed gas morphology. Comparing the high resolution 12CO and 13CO data of NGC 4402 from the Sub Millimeter Array (SMA) with existing other wavelength data, we probe the spatial distribution and a physical condition of molecular gas under strong ICM pressure. We discuss the star formation activity might have been altered and hence how the global color of NGC4402 would change in the future.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.417-426
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• 2024

Shield tunneling method is widely used to build tunnels in complex geological environment. Stability control of tunnel face is the key to the safety of projects. To improve the excavation efficiency or perform equipment maintenance, the excavation chamber sometimes is not fully filled with support medium, which can reduce the load and increase tunneling speed while easily lead to ground collapse. Due to the high risk of the face failure under non-fully support mode, the tunnel face stability should be carefully evaluated. Whether compressive air is required for compensation and how much air pressure should be provided need to be determined accurately. Based on the upper bound theorem of limit analysis, a non-fully support rotational failure model is developed in this study. The failure mechanism of the model is verified by numerical simulation. It shows that increasing the density of supporting medium could significantly improve the stability of tunnel face while the increase of tunnel diameter would be unfavorable for the face stability. The critical support ratio is used to evaluate the face failure under the nonfully support mode, which could be an important index to determine whether the specific unsupported height could be allowed during shield tunneling. To avoid of face failure under the non-fully support mode, several charts are provided for the assessment of compressed air pressure, which could help engineers to determine the required air pressure for face stability.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.431-443
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• 2014

본 연구는 고수압 해저터널의 차수를 위한 동결공법 적용성 평가를 위해 국내 적용사례가 없는 동결공법의 해외 시공사례를 조사하였으며, 지반 동결공법에서 보편적으로 사용하는 냉매인 브라인(brine)과 액체질소($LN_2$)에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 고수압 조건의 해수는 순수한 물에 비하여 어는 점이 더 낮기 때문에 지상에서보다 동결시간이 더 길 수 있고 해저터널과 같이 폐쇄된 공간에서의 적용 시 냉매는 안정성을 확보할 수 있어야 하고 공기 단축이 가능해야 한다. 브라인은 재사용이 가능하고 독성이 적어 인체에 미치는 영향이 적으나, 동결에 상대적으로 장시간 필요하고 동결장비가 복잡한 특징을 가지고 있으며, 액체질소는 냉매의 재사용이 불가하며 기화 시 공기 중 질소농도 증가로 질식의 위험성이 있으나, 상대적으로 동결시간이 짧으며, 동결장비가 간단한 특징을 가지고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요한 해저터널 연결구 및 막장면 주변 지반에 대한 동결공법의 주요 설계요소를 도출하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.583-592
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• 1995

The concept of "Saturation Impulse" for rigid, perfectly plastic structures with finite-deflections subjected to dynamic loading was put forward by Zhao, Yu and Fang (1994a). This paper extends the concept of Saturation Impulse to the analysis of structures such as simply supported circular plates, simply supported and fully clamped square plates, and cylindrical shells subjected to rectangular pressure pulses in the medium load range. Both upper and lower bounds of nondimensional saturation impulses are presented.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2014

Since the moisture content (MC) of growing medium closely related with the crop transpiration, the MC should be included to the environmental factors to be considered for irrigation control in soilless culture. The objective of this study was to analyze the transpiration of paprika plants using daily mean solar radiation (RAD) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) as well as the growth of the plants at different MCs of rockwool growing media. The starting points of irrigation were controlled by a moisture sensor with minimum set points of 40%, 50%, and 60% of MCs. The canopy transpirations were measured for 80 to 120 days after transplanting and analyzed. The transpirations were well regressed with a combination of both RAD and VPD rather than daily mean RAD only under the controlled MCs. The transpiration at 60% MC was higher than those at 50% and 40% MCs. Leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weights at 60% MC were higher than those at 50% and 40% MCs while the number of leaves had no significant difference among the MCs. There were no significant differences in number of fruits and fruit size among all the MCs, while fruit weight was significantly lower at 40% MC than other treatments. Fresh and dry fruit yields were the highest at 60% MC. Therefore it was concluded that the transpiration was affected by the MC of rockwool growing medium and the minimum set point of 50-60% MC of rockwool growing medium gave better effects on the growth of the paprika plants.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2024

The asymmetric polylactic acid (PLA) membrane was prepared via phase inversion method using non-solvent induced separation (NIPS) technique. This study aims to synthesized as well as to characterize the PLA membrane and evaluating the membrane performance on water flux and permeability. In addition, this research also studied the removal performance of methylene blue dye. The polymer solution has been prepared using 12 wt.% of PLA and dissolved in 88 wt.% of Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as a solvent. Then, the cast film was immersed in different ratio of coagulant bath medium (distilled water: methanol: ethanol) ranging from 100:0:0, 75:25:0, 75:0:25 and 75:12.5:12.5, respectively). Several characterizations were performed which include, membrane contact angle and membrane porosity. Performance PLA membranes were determined in terms of water flux and permeability at 1 bar transmembrane pressure using dead-end permeation cell. Finally, methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency was tested at the same transmembrane pressure. The findings revealed that the increase of alcohol concentration in coagulant bath resulted in higher porosity and lower contact angle. In short, MB dye rejection efficiency is also closely related to the amount of alcohol ratio used in coagulant baths. Increases in concentration of methanol and ethanol in coagulant bath medium increases the membrane porosity thus increased in efficiency of methylene blue rejection.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2242-2247
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• 2008

A series of experiments have been performed in a vertical tube of 9.4 mm inner diameter using the Freon, HFC-134a as working fluid medium under the supercritical pressure range. Two kinds of experiments, i.e. steady-state and pressure transient, have been carried out. As for the steady-state heat transfer experiment, the mass flux was in the range between 600 and $2000\;kg/m^2s$ and the maximum heat flux was $160\;kW/m^2$. The selected pressures were 4.1, 4.3 and 4.5 MPa which correspond to 1.01, 1.06 and 1.11 times the critical pressure, respectively. In the pressure transient experiments, the inlet pressures were varied from 3.8 to 4.5 MPa and vice versa in the pressure transient simulations. In this study, heat transfer correlation and criterion for the heat transfer deterioration are suggested under the supercritical pressures. And also heat transfer characteristics during the pressure transient are examined.