• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 1999

The object of this work was to study the pharmacokinetic differences and the cause of these differences in cirrhotic rats induced by biliary obstruction when aminophylline (8 mg/kg as theophylline, i.v.) was administered. The concentrations of theophylline and its major metabolite (1,3-dimethyluric acid) in plasma were determined by HPLC. In addition, formation of 1,3-dimethyluric acid from theophylline in microsomes and the changes in the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes, which are suggested to be involved in theophylline metabolism, were determined. In cirrhotic rats, the systemic clearance of theophylline was reduced to 30% of the control value while AUC (area under the palsma concentration-tie curve) and (t1/2)$\beta$ were increased 1.3 fold and3.5 fold, respectively. The formation of 1,3-dimethyluric acid was decreased to 30% of the control value in microsomes of cirrhotic rat liver. In cirrhotic rat liver, activities of aniline hydroxylase (CYP2E1 related), erythromycin-N-demethylase (CYP3A related), and methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (CYP1A2 related), which were reported to be related with theophyline metabolism, were decreased to 67%, 53%, and 76% that of normal rat liver, respectively. From the results, it can be concluded that in cirrhotic rats induced by biliary obstruction, the total body clearance of theophylline is markedly reduced and it may be due to decreased activity of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.53-63
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the growth responses of medicinal plants such as Glehnia littoralis, Cryptotaenia japonica, Angelica gigas, Reynoutria japonica, Saururus chinensis, Houttuynia cordata, Ligularia fischeri, and Aralia cordata under 70%-shading and full sunlight conditions on a rooftop condition using artificial soil as a growth media. Glehnia littoralis, Cryptotaenia japonica, Ligularia fischeri, Saururus chinensis, and Houttuynia cordata showed better growth on plant height, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and leaf number under full sunlight conditions on a rooftop condition. Cryptotaenia japonica and Houttuynia cordata had high value of Hunter's a (red-green) under full sunlight, while had lower value of L(lightness) and b(blue-yellow) than those of 70% shading condition. As an index of plant stress response, Glehnia littoralis, Reynoutria japonica, Houttuynia cordata, Ligularia fischeri showed Fv/Fm values 0.79~0.84 under full sunlight in August, indicating low stress on plant growth. Therefore they seemed to be suitable medicinal plats for rooftop conditions. Ligularia fischeri and Reynoutria japonica showed better growth under 70% shading treatment in August, while showed high growth response under full sunlight conditions in September. The 70% shading treatment was effective for the growth of Angelica gigas, Reynoutria japonica, and Aralia cordata. Angelica gigas and Reynoutria japonica, however, showed better plant growth under full sunlight during summer. The results showed that Glehnia littoralis, Cryptotaenia japonica, Ligularia fischeri, Saururus chinensis, and Houttuynia cordat seemed to be suitable medicinal plants for rooftop garden where there is a full sunlight condition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1999

This study was conducted to screen antitumoral activity by in vitro bioassay method using 60 Korean medicinal and food plants extracted by 80% EtOH. Antitumor activity test was applied by the PKC(protein kinase C) and antibleb formation, PLC (Phospholipase C), and colorimetric tetrazolium assay (MTT assay) methods. Chenopodjum album and black Glycine max showed high antitumoral activity by 73.5% and 81.0%, respectively, against PKC by bleb-forming assay and PKC enzyme assay on human chronic leukemia K562 cell. Black Glycine max also showed 91.2% antitumoral activity in the PLC method and the lowest $IC_{50}$ $value(4.7{\mu}g/ml)$ by MTT method against P-338 cell line. In the effect of the concentration treatment on antitumoral test, the more concentration indicated the more activity value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the addition of medicinal herb extracts on shelf-life and quality of seasoning beef. The pH of seasoning beef treated with medicinal herbs was more stable than those without medicinal herbs. The moisture content of non-treated group decreased than that of group treated with medicinal herbs. The shear forces of seasoning beef revealed that non-treated group and other group treated with medicinal herbs were higher than those with medicinal herb extracts less than 0.5% adding medicinal herb extracts. As the storage time increased, the redness of group treated with 2.0% medicinal herbs was most stable among the seasoning beef color. The increase of TBA value was observed as the storage period increased. The total bacterial count of non-treated group was detected to 10$^{8}$ CFU/g, but that of group with medicinal herbs was counted from 10$^4$ CFU/g to 10$^{5}$ CFU/g at 6 days of storage time. The sensory evaluation indicated that the changes of group treated with various concentration of medicinal herbs were scored relatively higher than that of non-treated groups.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.671-676
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• 2012

This study was conducted investigate the effect of medicinal plant extracts on physiological and sensory characteristics. The medicinal plant extracts were added to chocolate at a weight percentage of 0, 3 and 6%. Color values(L-value, redness, and yellowness), total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and sensory characteristics made with varying various medicinal plants concentrations of the additives were measured. In sensory evaluation, significant differences(p<0.05 and p<0.01) were shown in taste, texture, and overall acceptability depending on the addition of plant extracts, but there were no significant differences in chocolate aroma and bitterness properties.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.483-493
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• 2019

Antrodia cinnamomea is a unique medicinal fungus in Taiwan. It has been found rich in some pharmacologically active compounds for anti-cancer, hangover, and immune regulation etc. With the in-depth study of these components, it would be interesting and important to establish a molecular system for basic studies of A. cinnamomea. Thus, we would like to set up a foundation for this purpose by studying the A. cinnamomea protoplast preparation and regeneration. Firstly, we studied the optimization method of protoplast preparation of A. cinnamomea, and found various factors that may affect the yield during protoplast preparation, such as mycelial ages, pH values, and osmotic stabilizers. Secondly, in the regeneration of protoplasts, we explored the effects of various conditions on the regeneration of protoplasts, including different media and osmotic pressure. In addition, we found that citrate buffer with pH value around 3 dramatically increased the regeneration of protoplasts of A. cinnamomea, and provided a set of regeneration methodology for A. cinnamomea.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.629-633
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• 2006

Development of chocolate products to improve the quality and sensory properties with Saengmaeg-san powder (SP) was attempted. Effects of SP on color, viscosity, total phenol compound content, radical scavening activity and sensory characteristics. In color, lightness value was increased than milk chocolate without SP Also viscosity was significantly higher than chocolate without SP.Total polyphenol content of Saengmaeg-san chocolate was 191.52 mg/1 OOg and Dpph scavenging activity was 87.06%. Results of sensory evaluation, significant different (p < 0.05) were shown in softness, sweet taste, sour taste, bitter taste, texture and overall acceptability depending on the addition of SP.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.957-962
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• 2006

A novel series of 2-(m-Chlorobenzyl)-4-substituted-1, 1, 3-trioxo-2H, 4H-pyrazolo[4, 5-e][1, 2, 4] thiadiazines (7a-k) were synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-HIV replication in MT-4 cell cultures. Compound (7a) showed activity against HIV-1-induced cytopathicity, with an $EC_{50}$ value of $45.6\;{\mu}M$, but none of the compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against HIV-2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.941-947
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• 2013

To increase the consumption of frying ginseng, we investigated the physicochemical properties of frying ginseng and different edible oils processed through frying ginseng: soybean oil (SO), corn oil (CO), olive oil (OO), and grape seed oil (GO). We tested various parameters, including temperature (130, 160, 180, and $200^{\circ}C$), frying time (2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 min), and frying amount (up to 30 times). The physicochemical properties of the fried ginseng and oils were evaluated for changes in acid value, peroxide value, free fatty acid content, acrylamide formation, color, and viscosity of oils. The acid value and peroxide value of the oils increased with frying temperature and amount. Saturated fatty acids increased and unsaturated fatty acids decreased with the amount of frying, but oleic acid in CO and GO and linoleic acid in OO increased. The concentration of acrylamide in fried ginseng increased as the frying temperature and amount increased and was the lowest in OO. The lightness and redness of the frying oil color decreased and its yellowness increased in SO and CO, but the lightness increased (redness and yellowness decreased) in OO. In particular, CO was significantly browned with increasing frying amounts. The viscosity of the frying oils increased with frying amount, with CO showing the lowest increases in viscosity of the oils. As a result, the optimal ginseng frying condition found was 2 min 30 sec at $180^{\circ}C$, regardless the type of oils.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2020

This experiment was carried out using artificial bed soil and LED in the plastic film house(irradiation time: 07:00-17:00/day). Seedlings(n=63 per 3.3 m²) of ginseng was planted on May 17, 2018. LED was combined with red and blue light in a 3:1 ratio and irradiated with different light intensity(40-160 µmol/m²/s). Average air temperature from April to September according to the light intensity test was 20.4℃-20.9℃. Average artificial bed soil temperature was 20.1℃-21.7℃. The test area where fluorescent lamp was irradiated tended to be somewhat lower than the LED irradiation area. The chemical properties of the test soil was as follows. pH levels was 6.6-6.7, EC levels 0.9-1.3 dS/m and OM levels 30.6-32.0%. The available P₂O₅ contents was 73.3-302.3 mg/kg. Exchangeable cations K and Ca contents were higher than the allowable ranges and mg content was high in the fluorescent lamp treatment. The photometric characteristics of LED light intensity are as follows. The greater the light intensity, the higher the PPFD(Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) value, illuminance and solar irradiation. Fluorescent lamp treatment had high illuminance value, but PPFD and solar irradiation were lower than LED intensity 40 µmol/m²/s treatment. The photosynthetic rate increased(2.0-3.8 µmolCO²/m²/s) as the amount of light intensity increased, peaking at 120 µmol/m²/s, and then decreasing. The SPAD (chlorophyll content) value decreased as the amount of light intensity increased, and was the highest at 36.1 in fluorescent lamp treatment. Ginseng germination started on April 5 and took 14-17 days to germinate. The overall germination rate was 68.8-73.6%. The growth of aerial parts(plant height etc.) were generally excellent in the treatment of light intensity of 120-160 µmol/m²/s. The plant height was 41.9 cm, stem length was 24.1 cm, leaf length was 9.8 cm and stem diameter was 5.6 mm. The growth of underground part (root length etc.) was the best in the treatment with 120 µmol/m²/s of light intensity. Due to the root length was long(24.8 cm) and diameter of taproot was thick(18.7 mm), the fresh root weight was the heaviest at 24.8 g. There were no disease incidence such as Alternaria blight, Gray mold and Anthracnose. Disease of Damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani occurred 0.6-1.5% and incidence ratio of rusty root ginseng was 30.8-62.3%. It is believed that the reason for the high incidence of rusty root ginseng is that the amount of field moisture capacity of artificial bed soil is larger than the soil. Leaf discoloration rate was 13.7-32.3%.