• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제57권8호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2019

In cases of a patient referral, the general dentist should communicate the patient's dental information as clearly as possible to the specialist to whom he/she is referring his/her patient. For this reason, it is necessary to write a referral letter in an accurate and complete manner. The purpose of this study is to analyze the referral letters of patients who are referred to the department of conservative dentistry in a dental university hospital. From January, 2017 to December, 2018, we gathered the information of the patients who were referred to the department of conservative dentistry in a dental university hospital with referral letter. We evaluated the fidelity of a total of 750 referral letters and recorded the information of the referral dentist and the dental clinic. The relationship between each item and fidelity was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. The analysis of the contents of the referral letters yielded the following results: The fidelity of the referral letter was higher when the patient was referred during the root canal treatment, or when there was a root canal filling or when there was pain during chewing. The fidelity of referral letter was low in cases where the referring clinic is close to and has cooperative relationship with dental university hospital. Among the factors affecting the fidelity, the year of graduation of the referral dentist was the most influential. This study confirmed the fact that the clinical practice of writing patient referral letters still leaves much to be desired. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to create more clear and standardized guidelines for writing referral letters.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.86-100
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• 2006

For the purpose of understanding Wang-bing's idea, which was influenced by Taoism and Hyeonhak(玄學), I investigated the quotations from the No-Ja in the Hwangje-Naegyeongsonumju, and came to the following conclusions. 1. In the process of writing notes on the Hwangje-Naegyeongsomun, Wang-bing quoted No-Ja 19 times at 17 passages. Through this annotating process, he suggested the vision of the universe and the vision of the formation of all things. And he emphasized that abstaining from desire and satisfaction are essential for one's well being. In other words, he insisted on following the rules of EumYang(陰陽) and Fourseasons, to preserve Cheonjin(天眞). 2. Wang-bing wanted to establish a systematic medical theory by revising the Hwangje-Naegyeongs omun. In the front part, where he mentioned contents of jeonwongibon, he tried tosearch a way of well being, through taking care of one's health. And there his Taoistic idea becomes obvious. 3. The Hwangje-Naegyeongsomun was written under the influence of Hwangno(黃老) idea - the series of Taoism of Chunchu-Jeonguk(春秋戰國) era. Likewise Wang-bing's revision on the Hwangje-Naegye ongsomun was based on the Taoism of Dang dynasty, which succeeded to the WiJinHyeonhak(魏晉玄學). This shows a series of relationship. 4. It is no wonder that Wang-bing used quotation from scriptures of Taoism in his annotating work on the Hwangie-Naegyeongsomun, The fact that this quotations are mainly mentioned in the front part, also shows that he emphasized the theme of well being, by intention.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2007

This study examined Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s lineage, life, ChimGuTaekllPeonJip(鍼灸擇日編集) and SikRyoChanYo(食療纂要)'s subjectmedical history. Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s position underestimated that it's associated with the reality of politics in the early years of the Joseon dynasty medical history. Accordingly, Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s the healing art and studies remain poorly characterized. To understand the role of Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s studies, we examined that his lineage and life. We made a complete translation Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s ChimGuTaekllPeonJip(鍼灸擇日編集) introduction and confirmed importance alternative choice in the practice of acupuncture and moxibustion. We also identified that SikRyoChanYo(食療纂要) introduced hothouse methods using Korean paper and ondol, food store and fish store methods. is not too much to say that this book is one of the diet of our time. These results demonstrated that Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s life and literary work feel keenly the necessity of study in korea medical history. Because of the actual politics place estimate, Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s life and science underestimate. However, his books excavated. Old values cut red tape, following studied realized about his medical art and medical ideas.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to report a newly discovered book whose title is Ikkam (翼鑑) and prepare for a full-scale study. The book, Ikkam, has a variety of contexts in which it seems to be written by Park Ji-won. First, 'Sanin' in 'Yeonam-Sanin' is consistent with the behaviors of Yeonam Park Ji-won who lived in hiding in the Yeonam valley in 1777. In addition, many statements written in the introduction, such as "as we stick to the old things, we do not know a makeshift", "we are well versed in changes" and "many soldiers are not always good" remind us of other writings of Park Ji-won. Moreover, he writes the statements using antithesis. It is the force of writing style of a literary person who is not engaged in medical service. In addition, he puts six qi in the introduction, but it is not as sophisticated as Jejungsinpyeon (濟衆新編). It suggests that this book may be published earlier than Jejungsinpyeon. When comparing Ikkam with Euimunbogam (醫門寶鑑) and Jejungsinpyeon, it seems common to place six qi in the introduction at the time. In addition, through this book, we find that Park Ji-won known as a writer of Geumryosocho (金蓼小抄) has fairly much knowledge in the medicine. We can estimate his passion and depth about the medicine through a longing for a new medical book shown in the introduction of Geumryosocho. However, various approaches to similar disease symptoms shown in the introduction help us to recognize his true qualities in the medicine. In addition, like other experience prescriptions, this book excludes prescriptions using medicinal herbs with toxicity or rare medicinal herbs in the situation with a limited supply of them in remote areas but includes prescriptions which are widely used. It shows that experience prescriptions in the Joseon Dynasty are effective to specifically identify medicinal herbs and prescriptions which are widely used in Korea. These values cannot be compensated by Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑) which has an infinite value.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권1호통권19호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

In the 18th Century, those who played most important role in international interchange of medical science between Korea and Japan were skillful doctors and doctors of Joseontongsinsa(Correspondents of Joseon called on Japan as a mission). But they have been truly neglected by researchers on history of Korea, even on history of Korean medical science. They were received warm treatment from Japanese. But They were at the most middle-class in social standing in Joseontongsinsa. Though they played important role, they were underpriced and their brilliant achievements were faded out. It is on account of their low social position in Joseon Dynasty, a strict class society. Samsa, Jesulkuan, and Seogi were members of Joseontongsinsa those who were high class in social standing and were good at writing. In general, they were also Confucian doctors in Joseon. In the case of Samsa, there was Seo Myungung who was famous Confucian doctor. And since 'dispatch principle of Jesulkuan' had been prepared, Jesulkuans had paticipated in questions and answers on clinical problems. In a broad sense, We can regard Lihyun, a Jesulkuan in 1711's mission, Shinyuhan, a Jesulkuan in 1719's mission, and Seogies of Samsa as Confucian doctors. Though they were not medical specialist, but we can find them as Confucian doctors through the questions and answers on clinical problems they were participated in.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.99-115
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose for this study was to identify the present state of Clinical Nurses with Expanded Role (CNERs) and provide basic data to refine the roles of CNERs. In this study, CNREs refers to nurses who perform techniques traditionally done by doctors and use titles such as clinical nursing specialist, educator with consultation, research assistant, coordinator, physician assistant and special examiner. Method: This study was conducted from September 1 to November 12, 2007. Data from 684 nurses from 38 hospitals who responded to the questionnaire were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the SPSS 14.0 program. Results: The mean percentage of time spent was, for direct practice, 41.1%, for education and counseling, 22.8%, for consultation and coordination, 10.4%, for research, 6.8%, for administration, 8.9% and for other activities, 10.0%. The most frequently implemented CNERs, activities included consultation and education for patients and their families, counseling by telephone, history taking, physical examination, reading examination results, psychosocial assessment, managing treatment, input of prescriptions, and writing up patient records, Although not frequently performed, nurses in some fields carried out invasive procedures and prescribed medication and laboratory tests. Conclusion: Although the number of hospital CNERs are rapidly increasing, there is still confusion about the title and framework as well as standards. Furthermore, because some nurses are prescribing medication and laboratory tests as well as performing techniques not traditionally done by nurses, there is an absolute need for a legalized system and systematic education system for the safety of patients who are being cared by all CNERs.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to establish a better operation plan for medical school student internship by gaining a deeper understanding of the student internship process. Toward this end, an investigation was carried out using in-depth interviews of students with experience as student internship at Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine. Students who participated in the student internship program at Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine took part in the clinic twice every two-week period for a total of four weeks as a member of the care team. The students performed several activities during their internships, including for example history taking, physical examinations, keeping medical records, simulation of writing prescriptions, clinical skills, patient education, night work, and rounds with the attending professor. In this study were analyzed the contents of a student internship, the difference in clerkship, the competence of the faculty, student participation attitudes and the overall effect of the internship on the students. It was found that the in-depth contents, passion of members including professors and students, especially the role of the professor, was more important component than the contents of the internship program or clinical training. The student-intern system was revealed to have the following positive characteristics: 1) education deeper than clerkship was performed through one-on-one faculty-student interaction, and 2) students' experience was broadened.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2016

Recent changes in educational paradigms that emphasize the performance or outcomes of education are redefining how learning objectives are being described as 'learning outcomes' in various academic disciplines. Medical education is not an exception to this trend. However, it has come to our attention that the key concepts and appropriate descriptions of learning outcomes have not been well understood among educators and that this lack of understanding has hindered our efforts to implement the practice in the field. This study aims to provide a direction to establish and describe learning outcomes by examining previous studies that have focused on setting learning objectives as well as learning outcomes. Setting and describing learning outcomes starts from reflection on the approach of behavioral learning objectives, which overemphasizes learner's acquired knowledge, skills, and attitude in each classroom rather than actual performance. On the other hand, the learning outcome approach focuses on what the learner is able to do as a result of a learning experience. This approach is more learner-friendly and encourages students to lead and be responsible for their learning process. Learning outcomes can best be described when the relevance of actual contexts and the hierarchy of learning objectives are considered. In addition, they should be in the form of context, task, performance, and level, as well as be planned with proper assessment and feedback procedures. When these conditions are met, the learning outcome approach is beneficial to students as it presents a curriculum that is more open to learners. Despite these advantages of the learning outcome approach, there is a possible concern that setting the learning outcomes and describing them can restrict evaluation to lower cognitive skills if the concept of learning outcome is narrowly interpreted or is set too low. To avoid such narrow applications, it is important for educators to understand the comprehensiveness of the learning outcome setting and to consider long-term outcomes embedded in an organizational vision rather than only short-term behavioral outcomes.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.143-161
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• 2010

The "Dong-uibogam(東醫寶鑑)" is a Korean medical book which represents the Korean Oriental Medicine and compiled by the royal physician, Heo Jun. It was placed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme in the year of 2009. It has been translated and published in Korean 7 times so far, and most of them depended on the liberal translation. This study has a purpose to investigate the Korean version in the view of Chinese writing grammar, and the results can be concluded as follows ; 1. The Korean version shows insufficient translation of individual morpheme in the sentence which has the prepositions with the pronouns or the conjunctions. 2. Most of the versions failed to translate the syntax properties of the demonstrative pronoun; '之' and '其'. 3. Some of the versions are not successful in the understanding of the constituent of sentence correctly. 4. Many of the adverbial phrases are not translated, which is the constituent of modifier in the sentence. 5. Some sentences are mistranslated by the paragraphs. 6. Some of them failed to understand the significances of the vocabularies.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

The manufacture date of the number 198 wooden tablet excavated at Anapji is estimated to be between year 751 and 774. As medical artifacts around this period of time is scarce, the discovery of an artifact with distinct medical information such as names of medicinal drugs recorded in hand writing holds great value in the history of medicine. This wooden tablet was presumably a prescription for a medicinal formula. That the '灸' character which is a method of processing drugs is found after '甘草' indicates the possibility of this wooden tablet to be a practical form of prescription. On this slip, a certain sign can be found at the upper right corner of the names of drugs. This is thought to be an additional sign added to the original text. It seems to have been originated from the letter '了', based on the composition and finishing touches of the strokes, presumably to confirm the end of a work by adding the letter '了' which means 'to finish'. The base material of 靑黛 and 藍淀 are the same, and the two often took each other's place in a prescription. It is difficult to find an example of a formula where both drugs are included. Therefore, the prescription on the front with 靑黛, and the one on the back with 藍淀 of tablet 198 can be understood as separate formulas.