• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2016

Objectives : In 2007, a survey of how Kampo was regarded in Japanese clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) was first conducted by the Special Committee for Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), namely the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine (JSOM). A manual for CPG development was also published in 2007 by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care, and the revised edition came out in 2014. The purpose this study is to review the current state in CPGs applied to Kampo after 2007, while focusing on how Kampo products being regarded evidence based branch of medicine by CPG developers. Methods : Sources include the Kampo CPGs website of Japan Society for Oriental Medicine (JSOM) and MINDS (Medical Information Network Distribution Service) website of Japan Council for Quality Health Care. Results : Among the 784 CPGs existing by the end of 2015, 91 CPGs were considered containing descriptions of Kampo. Furthermore, 28 type A Kampo CPG (KCPG) which had quality of evidence and strength of recommendation with references were found. Also, most of type A KCPGs relied on the MINDS Handbook for Clinical Practice Guideline Development that was published in 2007. Conclusions : The number of KCPGs are increasing yearly. However, there is still not much Kampo evidence found in CPGs in Japan. Overall, it could be said that we need to not only make evidence vertically but preach it horizontally well.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2014

의료기관에서는 경영성과를 높이기 위해 우수한 직원을 선발하는 일에 큰 관심을 두고 있다. 채용된 직원은 직무배치를 통해 주어진 업무를 수행하게 되는데 기존연구에서는 직무환경이 개인의 직무능력 지각과 개인성과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 연구가 미비한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 병원에 근무하는 보건계열 재직자들을 대상으로 134부의 설문을 수집하여 이들의 직무배치에 따른 개인-직무적합성과 자기효능감, 개인성과간에 어떠한 관계가 있는지 실증적으로 분석해보고자 하였다. 구체적으로 개인-직무적합성과 개인성과 간의 관계에 있어 자기효능감의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 가설검정결과 첫째, 개인-직무적합성은 자기효능감의 하위요인인 자기조절감, 자신감, 과업도전감 모두에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 둘째, 자기효능감 중 자기조절감, 자신감은 개인성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 개인-직무적합성은 자기조절감을 완전 매개하여 개인성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 자신감을 부분 매개하여 개인성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 자기효능감 연구를 환경요인으로 확장한 이론적 시사점을 지니며 병원조직의 인적자원관리 측면에서 실무적 시사점 및 연구의 한계를 논의하였다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.127-143
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• 2020

최근 무례한 고객에 의한 비이성적인 행동이 언론으로부터 자주 노출되면서 그 심각성이 사회적으로 이슈가 되고 있다. 서비스업의 경우 직무의 특성상 무례한 행동을 하는 고객과 자주 대면하여야 하며 상호작용하여야 하기에 이로 인한 종사원들의 스트레스는 매우 심각한 수준이다. 고객무례행동으로 인하여 종사원은 불쾌함, 우울함 등 부정적 감정을 느끼고 본인의 직업에 회의를 느껴 조직을 떠나려는 생각도 하게 된다. 이처럼 종사원의 서비스 제공에 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 점을 고려하면 고객무례에 관한 올바른 대처방안이 필요하다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고객무례행동이 종사자의 감정부조화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 감정부조화가 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향과 직무스트레스가 조직일탈행동, 생활침해행동, 창의성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한, 직무스트레스를 보다 긍정적으로 관리할 방안을 마련하기 위하여 감정부조화와 직무스트레스의 관계에서 스트레스관리 교육의 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 자료 수집을 위해서 부산시 소재 종합병원, 중소병원의 고객 접점에서 업무를 수행하고 있는 의료서비스 종사자들을 대상으로 설문 조사를 시행하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 무례행동은 감정부조화에 정(+)의 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 감정부조화는 직무스트레스에 정(+)의 유의적 영향을 미치며 셋째, 직무스트레스는 조직일탈행동과 생활침해행동에 모두 정(+)의 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 직무스트레스는 창의성에 부(-)의 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 감정부조화와 직무스트레스 간의 관계에서 스트레스관리 교육의 조절효과는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2020

Objective: To describe patterns of spontaneous reporting on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) using the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine according to the Brighton Collaboration (BC) criteria. Methods: We used the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database including vaccinations between 2008 and 2017. To apply BC criteria, we classified 58 BC AEFIs into World Health Organization Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART) codes. We applied MedDRA standard medical queries that were pre-defined as five BC AEFIs. Terminology mapping between MedDRA and WHO-ART terms was performed by three researchers. Descriptive statistics of individual case safety reports were analyzed according to BC applicability. Disproportionality analyses were performed on each BC AEFI and each preferred AEFI term according to the case-noncase approach; reporting odds ratio (ROR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Among the 30,266 reports of vaccinations between 2008 and 2017, 2,845 reports included the HPV vaccine. Of these reports, 1,511 (53.1%) included at least one BC AEFI. Reports from physicians or manufacturers included more BC AEFIs than from other reporters. Injection site reactions and fever were frequently reported in BC AEFIs; spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy (ROR, 14.29 [95% CI, 4.30-47.49]) and vasculitic peripheral neuropathy (ROR, 8.57 [95% CI, 2.61-28.10]) showed the highest ROR. Among non-BC AEFIs, dizziness or myalgia were frequently reported; exposure during pregnancy (ROR, 23.95 [95% CI, 16.27-35.25]) and inappropriate schedule of administration (ROR, 22.89 [95% CI, 16.74-31.31]) showed the highest ROR. Conclusion: BC criteria would be applicable for labeled AEFIs, whereas analyzing non-BC AEFIs would be useful for detecting unlabeled AEFIs.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2012

Recent several studies have shown that the genetic variation of SCN5A is related with atrioventricular conduction block (AVB); no study has yet been published in Koreans. Therefore, to determine the AVB-associated genetic variation in Korean patients, we investigated the genetic variation of SCN5A in Korean patients with AVB and compared with normal control subjects. We enrolled 113 patients with AVB and 80 normal controls with no cardiac symptoms. DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood, and all exons (exon 2-exon 28) except the untranslated region and exon-intron boundaries of the SCN5A gene were amplified by multiplex PCR and directly sequenced using an ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer. When a variation was discovered in genomic DNA from AVB patients, we confirmed whether the same variation existed in the control genomic DNA. In the present study, a total of 7 genetic variations were detected in 113 AVB patients. Of the 7 variations, 5 (G87A-A29A, intervening sequence 9-3C>A, A1673G-H558R, G3578A-R1193Q, and T5457C-D1819D) have been reported in previous studies, and 2 (C48G-F16L and G3048A-T1016T) were novel variations that have not been reported. The 2 newly discovered variations were not found in the 80 normal controls. In addition, G298S, G514C, P1008S, G1406R, and D1595N, identified in other ethnic populations, were not detected in this study. We found 2 novel genetic variations in the SCN5A gene in Korean patients with AVB. However, further functional study might be needed.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2012

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays an essential role in the regulation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride levels, which have been closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Genetic studies in European have shown that LPL single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are strongly associated with lipid levels. However, studies about the influence of interactions between LPL SNPs and lifestyle factors have not been sufficiently performed. Here, we examine if LPL polymorphisms, as well as their interaction with lifestyle factors, influence lipid concentrations in a Korean population. A two-stage association study was performed using genotype data for SNPs on the LPL gene, including the 3' flanking region from 7,536 (stage 1) and 3,703 (stage 2) individuals. The association study showed that 15 SNPs and 4 haplotypes were strongly associated with HDLC (lowest $p=2.86{\times}10^{-22}$) and triglyceride levels (lowest $p=3.0{\times}10^{-15}$). Interactions between LPL polymorphisms and lifestyle factors (lowest $p=9.6{\times}10^{-4}$) were also observed on lipid concentrations. These findings suggest that there are interaction effects of LPL polymorphisms with lifestyle variables, including energy intake, fat intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption, as well as effects of LPL polymorphisms themselves, on lipid concentrations in a Korean population.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1998

The purpose of nursing education is to prepare the professional pratictioner as nurse who will be interesteed in the health and the related aspects of community and will assume responsibility for con tributing toward the improvement of the health for the all. This means that nursing education must provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes which make this possible. Consequently, this approach has relavence for nursing education. Faculty engaged in endless debates about what is to be included, and to what de1th, and what will be given short shrift as a result. Thus, it can be seen why there is so much confusion and lack of agreement between the emphasis and objectives in nursing. This study attempted to review and identify the curriculum content of child nursing in Korea to build and develop the standard curriculum contents for national board examination for nurses and child's health needs for the coming 21st centry. The questionnaire was consisted of items for selection and organization of the knowledge components and type of unit with weigh to be attained in child nursing. Response of 34% of nursing program in university and junior college. Content analysis was done by using consensual validation of essential knowledge for curriculum content to identify what is obvious or trivial. This study pointed out that it is not yet apparent that demographic fact has greatly influenced child nursing curriculum content. In a similar vein the majority of content of child nursing devote little time and weigh to social and epidemically significant to child health. It seems to be needed that the content of child nursing may push the paradigm shift in nursing education such as health promotion and prevention for potentional roles of child and family. In conclusion, it is the time to convoke and debate for convergence of model on essential content and standarization on job analysis for national board exam for nurses in Korea.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.56-83
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide basic materials needed to enhance quality of organizational life by identifying the improvements of labor union management in the perspective of general hospital organization management. The subject of this study were 686 employees in 12 General Hospitals in Metro Capital including Seoul. Materials were collected from administrators, nurses and medical technicians in target hospitals from March 20 to May 10, 2005 through survey questionnaires. The main results of this study were as follows: 1. the commitment level of the subjects according to their characteristics was higher in older employees than the younger ones, large family to support than small family to support and those who had higher positions in labor union. 2. The commitment level of the subjects according to the job and role related variables were higher those who had higher satisfaction level to their job and manager, role conflict in all hospitals. 3. The commitment level of the subjects according to union related variables, variables jointly controlled by union and employer was satistically significant positive correlation. In other words, the commitment level of the subjects according to the subjects' labor union involvement was higher in those who had higher satisfaction in labor union and perceived their colleagues' attitudes more positively in all hospitals. Regarding the atmosphere of the relationship between union and employer and the level of commitment in labor union, the better the atmosphere of the relationship between union and employer was, the higher the level of commitment in labor union was in all hospitals. 4. The results of multiple regression analysis shows that formal and informal socialization, union participation to the union management cooperation program, job satisfaction, satisfaction with the labor union's were all found as important antecedents of labor union commitment. 5. Job and role-related variables, union-related variables, variables jointly controlled by union and employer, and labor union commitment level were all found significantly different in accordance with the characteristics of unions concerned. To summarize study results, the level of commitment in labor union depends on job satisfaction, manager's attitudes, satisfaction to their jobs, union satisfaction, their colleagues attitudes toward union and the atmosphere of employer-employee relationship. Therefore hospital managers should have democratic and flexible attitudes toward labor union. Additionally, as formal and informal socialization, union participation to the union-management cooperation program is important determinant in union commitment, hospital managers should have countermeasures to enhance the colleague attitude and job satisfaction level of hospital employees. Since this study deals with psychological nature of workers not a few drawbacks and shortcomings may be detected in the finding. Nevertheless, the finding of this study, to become a momentum that will stimulate further research to detect all the cues of labor union commitment and to provide valuable reference in forming logical union commitment and labor union-management cooperation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.571-581
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• 2009

Background : Early in November 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) began to spread throughout thirty-two countries around the world. A total of 5,327 cases were reported in China, including 1,755 cases in Hong Kong and 655 in Taiwan. The total number of cases reported from Canada and Singapore was more than 200. The total number of SARS cases world-wide reached 8,437 with incidences. Mortality from SARS is estimated at around 11%. Under the guidance of the World Health Organization (WHO), clinical studies on the use of integrated herbal medicine and western medicine for treating SARS were carried out in China and Hong Kong. The official report suggested that integrated treatment was more effective than western medicine alone in clinical symptoms, lung inflammation, blood oxygen saturation, immunological functions and others. Objective : To overview the treatment principle and the prescriptions according to the regimens and the stages for SARS of the reports, and further to broaden our knowledge of treatment of acute infectious diseases using natural herbal medicine. Methods : We reviewed nine of WHO SARS reports that comprehensively described the principles and methods of treatment and summarized them into eight treatment methods. We analyzed the herbal formulae on the basis of their treatment principles, evaluated them in accordance with warm disease study, listed frequently used herbs, and assessed patent prescriptions and herbal injections that were mentioned in the reports. Results and Conclusion : The reports divided the course of SARS into 3 to 6 stages such as high fever stage, fastigium stage, and convalescent stage. Frequently used herbs were Radix Scutellariae, Radix Paeoniae, Radix Astragali, Semen Armeniacae, Radix Pseudostellariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, and Fructus Schizandrae. Herbal decoctions were the primary method of treatment, while extracts or injections were secondary. Prescriptions were mainly based on the warm disease study. SARS is a viral disease caused by corona virus, and herbal medicine is proven to be effective against it. We believe that evidences and experiences from SARS cases can be a good reference to further researches on acute infectious diseases.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.662-675
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the developmental history of hospice palliative care (HPC) with Korean medicine (KM). Methods: We compared the developmental history of HPC in Korea with that of Britain, the United States, Taiwan, Japan, and China. The articles in English or Korean published until Feb. 2017 were searched using 'Hospice' or 'Palliative care' with the name of each nation in the PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases for foreign articles and OASIS (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System) for domestic articles. Books and gray literature were searched on the same databases and websites of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and related organizations in each country. Results: Modern palliative care began with the hospice movement led by Dr. Cicely Saunders. HPC in Korea started earlier than in other countries but it took considerable time for social consensus, so Korean policies have only been published recently. In this process, KM was excluded from HPC. For this reason, western medicine in Korea does not fully accept the spirit of HPC, the government does not take an aggressive stance with KM, and the institutes of KM do not have any interest in HPC. The World Health Organization recommends the establishment of policies and programs connected with a country's own health care system. In 2015, the Korean government made the third comprehensive plan for the development of KM. It included critical pathway guidelines about cancer-related fatigue and anorexia. More effort is required to set up HPC than other care types because Korea has two medical systems. Conclusions: Each nation has been trying to improve systems of HPC. We need to overcome the problems and bring out the best by making our own model of HPC with KM.