• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2006

Objectives : ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ is a medical literature dealing deeply with the theory of internal organs thought to be the core of theories in Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to explorer on the formation and the organization of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$. Methods : We investigated the process of the formation of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ and analyzed the organization of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ on the medical-historical points of view. Results : As a result from studies. Main contents include 11 pieces of pictures about the positions of the regions of acupuncture and moxibustion as well as the internal organs, in addition to descriptions in detail regarding each disease in the internal organs, problems occurred among them, obstinate diseases, etc. Conclusions : A published book in Ming Dynasty and another transcribed by someone in Qing Dynasty as the xylographic books of this literature in China, which turned out to books referred considerably to contents of YangGae's ${\ulcorner}JonJinDo{\lrcorner}$, a famous doctor in Northern Song Dynasty in China. Moreover, the main contents of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ greatly affected the theories of the internal organs for the following generations as they were quoted in Yicheon's ${\ulcorner}UiHakYipMun{\lrcorner}$ in Ming Dynasty in China.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.102-111
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the case of a presbycusis patient whose hearing had improved. Methods : A 81-year-old male diagnosed with presbycusis were treated with Korean medical interventions (acupuncture combined with electromagnetic stimulation and pharmacoacupuncture) and Threshold sound conditioning(TSC) for 3 months. Pure tone audiometry(PTA) was performed for the evaluation. Results : The patient's hearing was improved from moderate to mild level according to the Classification of Hearing Loss(International Organization for Standardization, 1969). The average hearing were improved from 40.5 dB to 32.7dB on the left side, 46.9dB to 34.1dB on the right side. Conclusions : We observed an improvement in a presbycusis patient's hearing and hereby suggest the possibility of Korean medical treatment and TSC's ameliorating effect on sensorineural hearing loss as well as prebyscusis.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis of the burden of 119 emergency medical technicians. Methods: The data collection period was from November 2, 2022 to November 6, 2022. This study had 316 subjects, and the collected data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's α coefficient using IBM SPSS statistics 27.0. Results: The reliability was .924. The exploratory factor analysis yielded the following information: the first factor was lack of violence policy, the second factor was conflict between the organization and the paramedics, the third factor was lack of psychological support, and the fourth factor was lack of education and communication. The explanation power of 4 factors was 54.31%. Conclusion: This study is significant as it performs exploratory factor analysis as a preliminary step in the development of a burden measurement tool.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.25-39
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• 2022

Objectives : This paper analyzes the new Majinhwiseong(麻疹彙成) manuscript discovered in Jeonju. The Majinhwiseong is a medical book specializing in measles co-authored in 1798 by Lee, Won-pung and three doctors from a middle class family. Until recently, the Handok (Korean-German) Medicine Museum copy was known to be the only existing version, but a new manuscript was recently discovered. Methods : The author, bibliography, organization, cited literature, and content of the book were studied. The contents of the Handok Museum of Medicine copy and other manuscripts were compared then reviewed. Results : 1. The book shows that middle class workers in the late 19th century were able to collaborate based on the results of their craft and form strong bonds. 2. The book was being prepared for publication in Pyeongan Gamyeong in December 1798, but failed to be published due to the sudden death of the Pyeongan-do governor. 3. For a correct understanding of this book, it is necessary to study the Handok Medicine Museum edition and the newly discovered manuscript (Jeonju edition) together. Conclusions : The two editions are of a different lineage. The Jeonju edition is overall more specific, while some parts are more detailed in the Handok edition. In conclusion, the Majinhwiseong is a book that was written by middle class doctors of late 18th century whose clinical experience was combined with Chinese medical theories. The book was specifically targeted to professional medical audiences.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2022

In 2010, the World Health Organization classified mucin-producing bile duct tumors of the liver into two distinct entities; mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct. We present the case of a patient with MCN-L having a uniquely pedunculated shape. A 32-year-old woman was referred to our institution with a diagnosis of biliary cystic neoplasm. She had undergone left salpingo-oophorectomy for ovarian cancer 15 years ago. Imaging studies showed an 8 cm-sized well defined, multiloculated cystic lesion suggesting a mucinous cystic neoplasm. The cystic mass was pedunculated at the liver capsule and pathologically diagnosed as MCN-L. The mass was resected with partial hepatectomy. The patient recovered uneventfully. She was discharged 7 days postoperatively. The patient has been doing well for 6 months after the operation. The patient will be followed up annually because of the favorable postresection prognosis of MCN-L.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2007

Contrast medium is a very useful tool for X-ray examinations. But contrast medium has some unavoidable adverse reactions. For those patients who have never received contrast medium before, it is impossible to predict whether they will suffer from certain kinds of adverse reactions. Thus, radiologists should use strategies to minimize adverse events and be prepared to promptly recognize and manage any reactions to the contrast media. If a radiologist commits medical malpractice, he will face civil responsibility. Medical malpractice means a tort or breach of contract that occurs in a medical setting. Medical malpractices happen, despite the efforts of hospital staff. Many courts have applied the traditional doctrine of respondeat superior in actions against organizations for injuries caused by their employees. It is a legal doctrine, which states that an employer is responsible for employee actions performed within the course of the employment. A hospital is an organization for health purposes. An organization may be convicted of an offense committed by an employee of the organization acting in its behalf and within the scope of his office or employment. Organizational liability involves a wide variety of legal issues, including tort liability, wrongful employment practices, personal injury, breach of fiduciary duty, and so on. Many executive directors of organizations are aware of their personal and organizational risks of exposure to legal liabilities. The employer must have the right to control the physical conduct of the employee and must consent to receive the employee's services, while expecting some benefits from the services offered. Therefore, legal liability can be imposed for improper selection, assignment, training, and supervision of employees. In conclusion, the hospital itself has organizational liability for adverse reactions to the contrast medium.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.394-405
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• 2016

Objectives: The survival outcomes of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs have not been systematically evaluated at the state level in India. This retrospective study assessed the survival rates and factors associated with survival among adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: The present study used data from 139 679 HIV patients aged ${\geq}15$ years on ART who were registered from 2007 to 2011 and were followed up through December 2013. The primary end point was death of the patient. Mortality densities (per 1000 person-years) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression models were used to estimate survival and explore the factors associated with survival. Results: The overall median follow-up time was 16.0 months (2.0 months for the deceased and 14.0 months for those lost to follow-up). Approximately 13.2% of those newly initiated on ART died during follow-up. Of those deaths, 56% occurred in the first three months. The crude mortality rate was 80.9 per 1000 person-years at risk. The CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR],4.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.36 to 5.46 for < $100cells/mm^3$ vs. > $350cells/mm^3$), functional status (aHR, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.82 to 3.30 for bedridden vs. normal), and body weight (aHR, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.42 to 3.97 for <45 kg vs. >60 kg) were strongly associated with the survival of HIV patients. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that high mortality was observed within the first three months of ART initiation. Patients with poor baseline clinical characteristics had a higher risk of mortality. Expanded testing and counseling should be encouraged, with the goal of ensuring early enrollment into the program followed by the initiation of ART in HIV-infected patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1984

In order to know about the utilization of health subcenter in a Korean rural community, a study was carried out through analyzing the records on the outpatients in Su-Dong Health Subcenter during 5 years from 1978 to 1982, and the following results were obtained. 1. The annual utilization rate of health subcenter of Su-Dong Myun showed decreasing tendency such as 946.6 in 1978, 886.4 in 1979, 736.5 in 1980, 708.3 in 1981 and 609.1 in 1982 per 1,000 people. 2. In terms of annual utilization rate of health subcenter by sex, utilization rate of female was higher than that of male such as in 1978 (male 908.6, female 986.3), 1979 (male 819.2, female 956.7) and 1981 (male 686.0, female 731.5) except 1980(male 790.0, female 683.3) and 1982(male 632.7, female 585.0). 3. Every year the 5 major diseases of the new patients cared in health subcenter were the same as follows; Diseases of the Respiratory System, Diseases of the Digestive System, Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue, Accident Poisoning and Violence, and Diseases of the Nervous System and Sensory Organ. 4. In terms of annual utilization rate of health subcenter by age, utilization rate of $0{\sim}4$ year group was highest every year such as 3,666.0 in 1978, 3,232.5 in 1979, 2,819.0 in 1980, 2,361.4 in 1981 and 2408.7 in 1982 per 1,000 people. 5. The average visiting times per case to health subcenter were not much different every year such as 1.75 times in 1978, 1.79 times in 1979, 1.69 times in 1980, 1.79 times in 1981, and 1.80 times in 1982. 6. The monthly utilization rates per 1,000 people of health subcenter had two peaks in February(40.9 in 1980 and 86.4 in 1981) and July(84.6 in 1980 and 72.1 in 1981) except 1982. 7. The distribution of new patients by the source of medical fee payment was follows; community health organization member 86.9%, medicaid program 6.5%, and medical insurance 6.6% in 1980 and community health organization member 76.8%, medicaid program 11.4%, and medical insurance 11.8% in 1981 and community health organization member 78.2%, medicaid program 14.8% and medical insurance 13.2% in 1982.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.108-128
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• 2000

The Korean government has implemented the policy for merging 141 health insurers into Korean Unified Health Insurer (KUHI) in July of 2000. The unification of multiple insurers will definitely effect the stability of financial management, equity of premium burdens and efficiency of administrative management. However, it is difficult to predict what forms the far-reaching effects of the unification would take. Thus, pursuing the unification may be express as a huge policy experiment. In order to lead the unification, which lies on a crossroad between success and failure, to the road of success, we need to infer the problems and obstacles predicted in the step-wise processes of merging organizations, finances and the systems of computing premium, and come up with the effective means to maintain the stability of financial management, to improve the equity of premium burdens and to increase the efficiency of administrative management. Thus, I first described the changes of the Korean medical insurance system, and analyzed the performances of self-employed medical insurance 1 year after the integration of societies in October of 1998. At the base of examining the stability of financial management, equity of premium burdens and efficiency of administrative management, I predicted the problems and obstacles that could occur after the unification of the multiple medical insurers, and proposed a few ways of leading the unification of the multiple medical insurers in Korea to success. The most worried factor is that insurance finance would become unstable since the expansion of premium revenues is not easy because raising the premium for all Koreans is to be difficult. In addition, the unification of insurance finance could weaken the insurer's efforts for declaring real incomes of the self-employed and increasing the collection rate of premiums from them. This weakening would be the decisive factor of lowering the equity of premium contributions between the self-employed and employees. And bureaucratization and rigidity that are unavoidable in a gigantic unified organization could lower the efficiency of administrative management. Furthermore, by having 3 labor unions in the unified organization, it is possible to experience frequent difficulties and discords among the unions and between the unions and organization. Thus, when smooth pursuing of the unification of multiple insurers gets difficult, the social expenses derived from the failure would eventually end up on all Koreans. The unification is to be performed after coming up with the ways to eradicate these worries, so that the unification of multiple insurers would step onto the road of success.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.325-341
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• 2011

Objectives : This research has investigated the reality of the education of the claim and the degree of the education for the claimed of the dentistry recuperation organization in the Daejeon and Chuncheong are for the improvement of the problem in the medical expenses. Methods : It use as a basic data for the vitalizations of the education and performed the survey in the dentistry recuperation organization in the Daejeon and ChungCheong Nam BukDo which are registered in the evaluating organization for judging the health insurance in the present May 2010, and concluded just like the below. Results : 1. The education of the claim in the requirer in the dentistry recuperation organization, and the education of the claim was especially lacking when the dentist was studying in the university, and the dental hygienist had the similar educational experience in the school and the clinic (p<0.05) 2. Most of the requirer in the dental recuperation organization was hoping to get the education related to the claim work, but the dentist and the nurse's aid was relatively low (p<0.05) 3. For fixing the error of the claim, the participation and the extension of the judging standard of the insurance was the highest among the university subordinate dental hospital/dental hospital, but the health center was relatively low (p<0.05). 4. The dentist feels the economic burden in employing the special employee because the raising of the special judging people, compared to others, but the staffs such as the dental hygienist preferred it as one of ways to fix the error of the claim of the dental insurance (p<0.05) 5. Both dentists and the dental hygienist said proper time to teach the insurance was all needed in the school, and the clinic, but other workers relatively believed it should be held in the clinic (p<0.05). 6. The important factors to decide the participation of the lecture was in order of the contents of the lecture, the place of the lecture, the amount for the lecture, the superintendent of the lecture, whether it has gone through the educational score, and whether it has passed the conserving educational score was relatively less important in the university subordinate dentist/dentist, but the medical center was very effective as 4.50 (p<0.05) 7. Health Insurance Review and assessment service was very high as the managing department for supplying the lecture and the information, 70.5%, and the next was the Korean Dental Association/ Korean dental hygiene association, but dentists were preferring the association to manage in than the Health Insurance Review and assessment service to manage (p<0.05) 8. In preferring lecture for the inquiring the insurance, periodontal surgery was the highest as 4.51, the diagnosis standard for injection was high in the university subordinate hospital/dentists, and the more the year of the insurance inquiry, the less the doctor who was hoping for the lecture about the basic treatment. Conclusions : Taken together, it is decided that the inquiry education about the medical expense in the dentist, so the consistent and systematic education should be held to the related people, and from this, it is thought to reduce the problem of the inquiry of the medical expenses by fostering the knowledge and supplying the information which are related to the inquiry of the dentists.