• Title/Summary/Keyword: Medical measurement

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Development of the Dripping Speed Measurement System of Medical Liquid using Heuristic (휴리스틱을 이용한 의료 수액 낙하 속도 측정 시스템 개발)

  • Kim, Jung-Sook;Jeong, Junho
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.542-547
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    • 2014
  • This paper describes the medical and IT convergence system using a smart phone and a heuristic method for the measurement of the dripping speed of the liquid in a drip chamber, which can estimate the remaining time using pattern recognition and difference image from video frame information based on Android technology. The video frames were first made using a smartphone camera and we calculated the difference image between the n image and the (n-1) image and then changed into binary images using the threshold value. At this point, it is very important to find an optimal threshold value using heuristic method to recognize the dripping of the liquids. In addition, the user can adjust the dripping speed according to the doctor's prescription, exactly like watching the progress bar of a mobile application. The experiment results show that our method using video processing technique accurately measures the dripping speed for a wide range of speeds that are sufficient for ordinary practice.

Inter- and Intra-Observer Variability of the Volume of Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Using Medical Image Processing Software

  • Shin, Dong Ah;Ji, Gyu Yeul;Oh, Chang Hyun;Kim, Keung Nyun;Yoon, Do Heum;Shin, Hyunchul
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.60 no.4
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    • pp.441-447
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    • 2017
  • Objective : Computed tomography (CT)-based method of three dimensional (3D) analysis ($MIMICS^{(R)}$, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) is reported as very useful software for evaluation of OPLL, but its reliability and reproducibility are obscure. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of $MIMICS^{(R)}$ system, and inter- and intra-observer reliability in the measurement of OPLL. Methods : Three neurosurgeons independently analyzed the randomly selected 10 OPLL cases with medical image processing software ($MIMICS^{(R)}$) which create 3D model with Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) data from CT images after brief explanation was given to examiners before the image construction steps. To assess the reliability of inter- and intra-examiner intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 3 examiners measured 4 parameters (volume, length, width, and length) in 10 cases 2 times with 1-week interval. Results : The inter-examiner ICCs among 3 examiners were 0.996 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.987-0.999) for volume measurement, 0.973 (95% CI, 0.907-0.978) for thickness, 0.969 (95% CI, 0.895-0.993) for width, and 0.995 (95% CI, 0.983-0.999) for length. The intra-examiner ICCs were 0.994 (range, 0.991-0.996) for volume, 0.996 (range, 0.944-0.998) for length, 0.930 (range, 0.873-0.947) for width, and 0.987 (range, 0.985-0.995) for length. Conclusion : The medical image processing software ($MIMICS^{(R)}$) provided detailed quantification OPLL volume with minimal error of inter- and intra-observer reliability in the measurement of OPLL.

Measurement of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Adults: Comparison of Two Different Analyzers (NIOX VERO and NObreath)

  • Kang, Sung-Yoon;Lee, Sang Min;Lee, Sang Pyo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.84 no.3
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2021
  • Background: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a non-invasive marker for eosinophilic airway inflammation and a good predictor of response to corticosteroids. There is a need for a reliable and accurate measurement method, as FeNO measurements have been widely used in clinical practice. Our study aimed to compare two FeNO analyzers and derive a conversion equation for FeNO measurements in adults. Methods: We included 99 participants who had chief complaints of chronic cough and difficulty in breathing. The participants underwent concurrent FeNO measurement using NIOX VERO (Circassia AB) and NObreath (Bedfont). We compared the values of the two devices and analyzed their correlation and agreement. We then formulated an equation to convert FeNO values measured by NObreath into those obtained by NIOX VERO. Results: The mean age of the participants was 51.2±17.1 years, with a female predominance (58.6%). Approximately 60% of the participants had asthma. The FeNO level measured by NIOX VERO (median, 27; interquartile range [IQR], 15-45) was significantly lower than that measured by NObreath (median, 38; IQR, 22-58; p<0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between the two devices (r=0.779, p<0.001). Additionally, Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated a good agreement. Using linear regression, we derived the following conversion equation: natural log (Ln) (NObreath)=0.728×Ln (NIOX VERO)+1.244. Conclusion: The FeNO values of NIOX VERO and NObreath were in good agreement and had positive correlations. Our proposed conversion equation could help assess the accuracy of the two analyzers.

Comparison of Clinical Usefulness of Program-Assisted and Real Ear Measurement-Assisted Hearing Aids Fitting (프로그램과 실이 측정을 이용한 보청기 적합의 임상적 유용성의 비교)

  • Chang, Young-Soo;Jung, Hye Im;Cho, Yang-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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    • v.61 no.12
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    • pp.663-668
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    • 2018
  • Background and Objectives The main objectives of this study were to determine the clinical usefulness of the program-assisted and real ear measurement (REM)-assisted fitting of hearing aids. Subjects and Method Fifteen participants with moderate to moderately severe hearing loss were enrolled in this study. Objective and subjective fitting results were assessed to compare the benefits between the program-assisted fitting (using a software fitting program) and the REM-assisted fitting. Real ear insertion gain (REIG), sound-field audiometry using warble tone, and Korean Hearing in Noise Test (K-HINT) were performed as objective tests. Sound quality rating was performed as a subjective test. Results In the program fitting, 48.89% of fitting points failed to come within ${\pm}10dB$ of the REIG target. In the REM fitting, however, the percentage of failure significantly decreased to 23.33% (p=0.013). In K-HINT test, the reception threshold for speech in quiet situation significantly decreased from 50.1 dB HL with the program fitting to 44.7 dB HL after the REM fitting (p<0.001). In front noise condition, signal-to-noise ratio improved from 4.53 dB to 3.50 dB with the REM fitting without statistical significance (p=0.099). In the sound quality rating, the REM fitting ($4.27{\pm}0.56$) showed a significantly better sound quality ratings than the program fitting ($3.69{\pm}0.74$) (p=0.017). Conclusion The REM fitting showed better results in both subjective and objective measurements than the program fitting.

Investigation of Standard Error Range of Non-Contact Thermometer by Environment (외부 환경 변화에 의한 비 접촉 체온계의 오차 범위 측정)

  • Kim, Jeongeun;Park, Sangwoong;Choi, Heakyung
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.307-321
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    • 2020
  • Purpose : A person infected by SARS-CoV2 may present various symptoms such as fever, pain in lower respiratory tract, and pneumonia. Measuring body temperature is a simple method to screen patients. However, changes in the surrounding environment may cause errors in infrared measurement. Hence, a non-contact thermometer controls this error by setting a correction value, but it is difficult to correct it for all environments. Therefore, we investigate device error values according to changes in the surrounding environment (temperature and humidity) and propose guidelines for reliable patient detection. Methods : For this study, the temperature was measured using three types of non-contact thermometers. For accurate temperature measurement, we used a water bath kept at a constant temperature. During temperature measurement, we ensured that the temperature and humidity were maintained using a thermo-hygrometer. The conditions of the surrounding environment were changed by an air conditioner, humidifier, warmer, and dehumidifier. Results : The temperature of the water bath was measured using a non-contact thermometer kept at various distances ranging from 3~10 cm. The value measured by the non-contact thermometer was then verified using a mercury thermometer, and the difference between the measured temperatures was compared. It was observed that at normal surrounding temperature (24 ℃), there was no difference between the values when the non-contact thermometer was kept at 3 cm. However, as the distance of the non-contact thermometer was increased from the water bath, the recorded temperature was significantly different compared with that of mercury thermometer. Moreover, temperature measurements were conducted at different surrounding temperatures and the results obtained significantly varied from when the thermometer was kept at 3 cm. Additionally, it was observed that the effect on temperature decreases with an increase in humidity Conclusion : In conclusion, non-contact thermometers are lower in lower temperature and dry weather in winter.

Feasibility Test of Flat-Type Faraday Cup for Ultrahigh-Dose-Rate Transmission Proton Beam Therapy

  • Sang-il Pak;Sungkoo Cho;Seohyeon An;Seonghoon Jeong;Dongho Shin;Youngkyung Lim;Jong Hwi Jeong;Haksoo Kim;Se Byeong Lee
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.108-113
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: Proton therapy has been used for optimal cancer treatment by adapting its Bragg-peak characteristics. Recently, a tissue-sparing effect was introduced in ultrahigh-dose-rate (FLASH) radiation; the high-energy transmission proton beam is considered in proton FLASH therapy. In measuring high-energy/ultrahigh-dose-rate proton beam, Faraday Cup is considered as a dose-rate-independent measurement device, which has been widely studied. In this paper, the feasibility of the simply designed Faraday Cup (Poor Man's Faraday Cup, PMFC) for transmission proton FLASH therapy is investigated. Methods: In general, Faraday cups were used in the measurement of charged particles. The simply designed Faraday Cup and Advanced Markus ion chamber were used for high-energy proton beam measurement in this study. Results: The PMFC shows an acceptable performance, including accuracy in general dosimetric tests. The PMFC has a linear response to the dose and dose rate. The proton fluence was decreased with the increase of depth until the depth was near the proton beam range. Regarding secondary particles backscatter from PMFC, the effect was negligible. Conclusions: In this study, we performed an experiment to investigate the feasibility of PMFC for measuring high-energy proton beams. The PMFC can be used as a beam stopper and secondary monitoring system for transmission proton beam FLASH therapy.

Assessment of Counting Efficiency of a Whole Body Counter by Human Body Size and Standing Position Using Monte Carlo Method (몬테카를로 방법론을 이용한 측정 대상의 인체 크기와 측정 위치에 따른 전신계수기 계수효율 평가)

  • Pak, Min Jung;Yoo, Jae Ryong;Ha, Wi-Ho;Lee, Seung-Sook;Kim, Kwang Pyo
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.46-53
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    • 2014
  • For the case of radiation emergency, it is required to assess internal contamination of the public, including children as well as adults. The objective of the present study was to assess counting efficiency of a whole body counter by human body size and standing position of the measurement person. In this study, the FASTSCAN whole body counter used at National Radiation Emergency Medical Center of Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Science was simulated by a radiation transport computer code. The simulation results of the counting efficiencies agreed well with measurements within the 2% of discrepancy for 4-year child and 5% for adults. The standing positions of the people were adjusted by body size to find the consistent trend of the counting efficiencies by human body size. Body size scaling factors of the whole body counter were derived to consider human body size and improve the measurement accuracy. The counting efficiency assessment methodology in this study can be successively used to improve the measurement accuracy when using a whole body counter for the case of radiation emergency.

A basic research for evaluation of a Home Care Nursing Delivery System (가정간호 서비스 질 평가를 위한 도구개발연구)

  • Kim, Mo-Im;Cho, Won-Jung;Kim, Eui-Sook;Kim, Sung-Kyu;Chang, Soon-Bok;Ryu, Ho-Sihn
    • Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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    • v.6
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    • pp.33-45
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a basic framework and criteria for evaluation of quality care provided to patients with the attributes of disease in the home care nursing field, and to provide measurement tools for home health care in the future. The study design was a developmental study for evaluation of hospital-based HCN(home care nursing) in Korea. The study process was as follows: a home care nursing study team of College of Nursing. Yonsei University reviewed the nursing records of 47 patients who were enrolled at Yonsei University Medical Center Home Care Center in March, 1995. Twenty-five patients were insured at that time, were selected from 47 patients receiving home care service for study feasibility with six disease groups; Caesarean Section (C/S), simple nephrectomy, Liver cirrhosis(LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), Lung cancer or cerebrovascular accident(CVA). In this study, the following items were selected : First step : Preliminary study 1. Criteria and items were selected on the basis of related literature on each disease area. 2. Items were identified by home care nurses. 3. A physician in charge reviewed the criteria and content of selected items. 4. Items were revised through preliminary study offered to both HCN patients and discharged patients from the home care center. Second step : Pretest 1. To verify the content of the items, a pretest was conducted with 18 patients of which there were three patients in each of the six selected disease groups. Third step : Test of reliability and validity of tools 1. Using the collected data from 25 patients with either cis, Simple nephrectomy, LC, COPD, Lung cancer, or CVA. the final items were revised through a panel discussion among experts in medical care who were researchers, doctors, or nurses. 2. Reliability and validity of the completed tool were verified with both inpatients and HCN patients in each of field for researches. The study results are as follows: 1. Standard for discharge with HCN referral The referral standard for home care, which included criteria for discharge with HCN referral and criteria leaving the hospital were established. These were developed through content analysis from the results of an open-ended questionnaire to related doctors concerning characteristic for discharge with HCN referral for each of the disease groups. The final criteria was decided by discussion among the researchers. 2. Instrument for measurement of health statusPatient health status was measured pre and post home care by direct observation and interview with an open-ended questionnaire which consisted of 61 items based on Gorden's nursing diagnosis classification. These included seven items on health knowledge and health management, eight items on nutrition and metabolism, three items on elimination, five items on activity and exercise, seven items on perception and cognition, three items on sleep and rest, three items on self-perception, three items on role and interpersonal relations, five items on sexuality and reproduction, five items on coping and stress, four items on value and religion, three items on family. and three items on facilities and environment. 3. Instrument for measurement of self-care The instrument for self-care measurement was classified with scales according to the attributes of the disease. Each scale measured understanding level and practice level by a Yes or No scale. Understanding level was measured by interview but practice level was measured by both observation and interview. Items for self-care measurement included 14 for patients with a CVA, five for women who had a cis, ten for patients with lung cancer, 12 for patients with COPD, five for patients with a simple nephrectomy, and 11 for patients with LC. 4. Record for follow-up management This included (1) OPD visit sheet, (2) ER visit form, (3) complications problem form, (4) readmission sheet. and (5) visit note for others medical centers which included visit date, reason for visit, patient name, caregivers, sex, age, time and cost required for visit, and traffic expenses, that is, there were open-end items that investigated OPD visits, emergency room visits, the problem and solution of complications, readmissions and visits to other medical institution to measure health problems and expenditures during the follow up period. 5. Instrument to measure patients satisfaction The satisfaction measurement instrument by Reisseer(1975) was referred to for the development of a tool to measure patient home care satisfaction. The instrument was an open-ended questionnaire which consisted of 11 domains; treatment, nursing care, information, time consumption, accessibility, rapidity, treatment skill, service relevance, attitude, satisfaction factors, dissatisfaction factors, overall satisfaction about nursing care, and others. In conclusion, Five evaluation instruments were developed for home care nursing. These were (1)standard for discharge with HCN referral. (2)instrument for measurement of health status, (3)instrument for measurement of self-care. (4)record for follow-up management, and (5)instrument to measure patient satisfaction. Also, the five instruments can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the service to assure quality. Further research is needed to increase the reliability and validity of instrument through a community-based HCN evaluation.

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Development of advanced Power Factor Computation Algorithm in Harmonics distorted Distribution System (고조파 왜곡 환경에서 향상된 역률 계측 알고리즘 개발)

  • Lee, Hyun-woo;Park, Young-kyun;Lee, Jinhan;Joung, Sanghyun;Park, Chul-woo
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.53 no.7
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    • pp.121-127
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    • 2016
  • We propose a algorithm to calculate power factor of fundamental waveform in an environment where the voltage and current have been distorted by harmonics. In the proposed power factor computation algorithm, voltage and current are converted to rotating DQ reference frame, and power factor is calculated from active power and reactive power. We compare the proposed method with the conventional power factor measurement method as mathematically. In a condition that voltage and current are distorted by harmonics, the proposed method accurately measure the power factor of fundamental wave, and it is confirmed by simulation using MATLAB. If the proposed power factor measurement method is applied to an automatic power factor control system, a power factor compensation performance can be maximized in harmonic distortion environment. As a result, it is possible to reduce electricity prices, reduce line loss, increase load capacity, ensure the transmission margin capacity, and reduce the amount of power generation.

Evaluation of Significance & Development of Quantitative Measurement System for Acupoint Pigmentation by Cupping Therapy (부항요법에 의한 배수혈 혈색소 변화의 정량적 측정 시스템 개발 및 유의성 평가)

  • Kim, Soo-Byeong;Lee, Na-Ra;Jung, Byung-Jo;Lee, Yong-Heum
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : The aim of this study is to develop the system and evaluate the optical analytical technique that reflects acupoint pigmentation and extravasated blood by cupping. Methods : We designed the system able to express XYZ coordinate on local skin color. To evaluate measurement-accuracy, we compared with 24 Color Checker Chart by standardized Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage. After confirming the performance of system, we experimented with cupping which was 80 kPa negative pressure for 1 minute on left/right BL13. The X, Y and Z values were converted to R, G and B, $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$, Erythema Index (E.I.), and Melanin Index (M.I). We compared and analyzed two cases on before/after cupping. Results : The R, G and B values which were converted by X, Y and Z values had high linearity as a high level of R-square (R: 0.969, G: 0.996, and B: 0.992). Moreover, we confirmed that it was possible to quantitatively analyzed the change in skin color by cupping using R, G, B, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, E.I., and M.I. Conclusions : Therefore, we proposed the new analytical technique for objectifying the oriental medical diagnostic method using cupping and optical sensing technique.