• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1285-1293
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• 2012

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of commercial monostrain and multistrain probiotics in diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology and mucin gene (MUC2) expression in broiler chicks. Three hundred seventy-eight 1-d-old male Arian broiler chicks were allocated in 3 experimental groups for 6 wk. The birds were fed on a corn-soybean based diet and depending on the addition were labeled as follows: control-unsupplemented (C), birds supplemented with Bacillus subtilis (BS) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based probiotics. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 21 broilers each. Treatment effects on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and biomarkers such as intestinal goblet cell density, villus length, villus width, and mucin gene expression were determined. Total feed intake did not differ significantly between control birds and those fed a diet with probiotics (p>0.05). However, significant differences in growth performance were found. Final body weight at 42 d of age was higher in birds fed a diet with probiotics compared to those fed a diet without probiotic (p<0.05). Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis based probiotic in the diets also significantly affected feed conversion rate (FCR) compared with control birds (p<0.05). No differences in growth performance were observed in birds fed different types of probiotic supplemented diets. Inclusion of lactic acid bacteria based probiotic in the diets significantly increased goblet cell number and villus length (p<0.05). Furthermore, diets with Bacillus subtilis based probiotics significantly increased gene expression (p<0.05), with higher intestinal MUC2 mRNA in birds fed diet with probiotics compared to those fed the control diet. In BS and LAB probiotic fed chicks, higher growth performance may be related to higher expression of the MUC2 gene in goblet cells and/or morphological change of small intestinal tract. The higher synthesis of the mucin gene after probiotic administration may positively affect bacterial interactions in the intestinal digestive tract, intestinal mucosal cell proliferation and consequently efficient nutrient absorption.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.312-323
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to summarize the physiochemical properties, toxicity, and legal regulation of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and/or methylisothiazolinone (MIT), review the health effects caused by exposure to CMIT/MIT, and evaluate the individual association of lung injury with the use of humidifier disinfectants (HD) containing a mixture of CMIT and MIT. Method: A literature review was conducted by searching keywords such as CMIT, MIT, health effect, dermatitis, asthma, and lung injury, either singly or combined. Results: Both CMIT and/or MIT were found to be associated with the development of several types of adverse health effects. In particular, respiratory diseases including asthma, nasal symptoms, cough, and rhinitis were caused by the use of products including CMIT or/and MIT. The mixture of CMIT/MIT has been banned in cosmetics. As of the end of 2017, nine patients who were confirmed to have HD associated lung injury (HDLI) were found to have used only an HD brand containing CMIT and MIT. Their responses regarding the name of the HD used could be trustworthy based on the short duration of HD use (less than six months) before the onset of HDLI and frequent use of HD per day. Conclusion: According to the toxicity and HDLI cases, the use of HD containing CMIT and /or MIT can cause fatal lung injury. Further study with manufacturers' assistance is necessary in order to obtain more clear evidence on the causal relationship since HDLI cases are being reported continuously.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.4567-4575
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• 2016

A number of studies have evidenced the effect of modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet, breastfeeding and nutritional status on breast cancer risk. However, none have addressed the missing data problem in nutritional epidemiologic research in South America. Missing data is a frequent problem in breast cancer studies and epidemiological settings in general. Estimates of effect obtained from these studies may be biased, if no appropriate method for handling missing data is applied. We performed Multiple Imputation for missing values on covariates in a breast cancer case-control study of $C{\acute{o}}rdoba$ (Argentina) to optimize risk estimates. Data was obtained from a breast cancer case control study from 2008 to 2015 (318 cases, 526 controls). Complete case analysis and multiple imputation using chained equations were the methods applied to estimate the effects of a Traditional dietary pattern and other recognized factors associated with breast cancer. Physical activity and socioeconomic status were imputed. Logistic regression models were performed. When complete case analysis was performed only 31% of women were considered. Although a positive association of Traditional dietary pattern and breast cancer was observed from both approaches (complete case analysis OR=1.3, 95%CI=1.0-1.7; multiple imputation OR=1.4, 95%CI=1.2-1.7), effects of other covariates, like BMI and breastfeeding, were only identified when multiple imputation was considered. A Traditional dietary pattern, BMI and breastfeeding are associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in this Argentinean population when multiple imputation is appropriately performed. Multiple Imputation is suggested in Latin America's epidemiologic studies to optimize effect estimates in the future.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

이소시안화물을 경화제로 하는 분사용 페인트를 취급하는 산업현장에서는 HDI 의해 이소시안화물이 호흡이나 피부 및 눈에 노출되는 것이 일반적이다. 이러한 분사페인트를 사용하는 자동차관련 산업이나 가구산업 등에 대한 정보의 부족 때문에 건강에 미치는 증상을 개인관리의 중요성으로 평가하기 위하여 설문조사가 수행되었으며, 분사페인트를 취급하는 근로자 33명과 취급하지 않는 근로자 91명을 대상으로 비교하였다. 그렇게 많지 않은 대상자에 대한 조사에도 불구하고 공통적으로 나타나는 건강에 미치는 영향으로서 피부에 나타나는 증상, 즉 건성피부 손상(61%)과 피부염/피부염증(33%)이 있고 호흡기에 나타나는 증상, 즉 담(49%)과 천식(21%)과 같은 증상이 발견되었다. 그 외에도 건강에 좋지 않은 증상으로는 피부 발진(12%), 기침(39%), 빈번한 호흡으로 인한 새근거림(30%), 가슴의 답답함과 호흡곤란(30%) 등이 나타났으며, 눈에는 어떤 증상이 나타나지 않았다. 이 연구에서 나타난 건강에 미치는 증후는 근로자들의 좋지 않은 작업형태나 부적절한 보호구에 관련된다는 것을 발견하였다. 따라서 보호구의 사용, 작업형태, 규칙적인 훈련이나 교육 등과 같은 적절한 개인적 관리가 건강의 위험을 최소화시키는 것이고, 개인적 건강에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 의학적인 조사도 추가적으로 제시하고자 한다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1998

The purpose of nursing education is to prepare the professional pratictioner as nurse who will be interesteed in the health and the related aspects of community and will assume responsibility for con tributing toward the improvement of the health for the all. This means that nursing education must provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes which make this possible. Consequently, this approach has relavence for nursing education. Faculty engaged in endless debates about what is to be included, and to what de1th, and what will be given short shrift as a result. Thus, it can be seen why there is so much confusion and lack of agreement between the emphasis and objectives in nursing. This study attempted to review and identify the curriculum content of child nursing in Korea to build and develop the standard curriculum contents for national board examination for nurses and child's health needs for the coming 21st centry. The questionnaire was consisted of items for selection and organization of the knowledge components and type of unit with weigh to be attained in child nursing. Response of 34% of nursing program in university and junior college. Content analysis was done by using consensual validation of essential knowledge for curriculum content to identify what is obvious or trivial. This study pointed out that it is not yet apparent that demographic fact has greatly influenced child nursing curriculum content. In a similar vein the majority of content of child nursing devote little time and weigh to social and epidemically significant to child health. It seems to be needed that the content of child nursing may push the paradigm shift in nursing education such as health promotion and prevention for potentional roles of child and family. In conclusion, it is the time to convoke and debate for convergence of model on essential content and standarization on job analysis for national board exam for nurses in Korea.

• 분석과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.255-259
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• 1993

원지(Polygala tenuifolia, Polygalaceae)에 함유되어 있는 ${\beta}$-carboline계의 알칼로이드를 HPLC를 이용하여 정량하는 방법을 검토하였다. 고정상으로는 RP-18 컬럼을 사용하였고, 이동상으로는 $CH_3CN$과 0.01M 인산완충액(pH=3.5)을 기울기 용리시켰으며, UV254nm에서 검출하였다. 알칼로이드 분획을 얻기 위한 전처리 방법으로 산, 염기 처리에 의한 용매추출법과 양이온교환수지(Amberlyst 15)를 이용한 고상추출법을 비교한 결과 양이온 교환수지를 이용한 방법에서 더 나은 크로마토그램을 얻을 수 있었으며, 정량 결과 원지 중 알칼로이드 함량은 각각 harman $2.8{\times}10^{-3}%$, norharman $1.7{\times}10^{-3}%$, 1-carbomethoxy-${\beta}$-carboline $1.3{\times}10^{-3}%$, 1-carboethoxy-${\beta}$-carboline $1.4{\times}10^{-3}%$, perlolyrine $3.3{\times}10^{-3}%$로 나타났다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2008

Trichophyton erinacei is a dermatophyte pathogen that infects both humans and hedgehogs. A two-month old female four-toed hedgehog presented to the Chonbuk Animal Medical Center with pruritus, excoriation and crust on her face for ten days. The owner of the hedgehog also exhibited the clinical signs of scaly erythema with fine vesicles on her neck. A presumptive diagnosis of dermatophytosis was made based on the results of an acetate tape preparation in which hyphae and chains of arthroconidia were observed. The crusts from the lesions were then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for identification. After 10 days of incubation, downy colored colonies that had a central umbo with a white granular surface and a yellow pigment ring in the reverse were observed. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of numerous teardrop shaped microconidia singly attached to the sides of the hyphae. In addition, 2-6 roomed macroconidia that were somewhat irregular in shape and size were present, and abundant intermediate sized spores were observed between the micro and macro conidia. To confirm that the culture was T. erinacei, the internal transcribed spacer region of the 5.8S phase of the ribosomal RNA gene (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA) was amplified by PCR and then sequenced. A 679-base pair fragment of DNA was then compared with sequences in GenBank and found to be 99% homologous with sequences of T. erinacei (Z97997 and Z97996. The clinical signs were resolved after four weeks of treatment with oral and topical ketoconazole and chlorhexidine. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case of T. erinacei isolated from a four-toed hedgehog in Korea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.457-463
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• 1994

Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian and poultry growth. IGF-I has many actions in different tissues, which include metabolic, mitogenic, and differentiative actions. IGF-I induces insulin-like effects - such as increased cell glucose uptake and glycogen sysnthesis, however several physiological actions of IGF-I may not have been identified yet. In order to investigate the effect on growth in broiler chicken treated with exogenous insulin-like growth factor-I, 30 chickens were injected $50{\mu}g$ reconbinant human IGF- I (rhIGF- I ) per kg body weight as experimental group and 30 ckickens saline subcutanously as control, 3 times according to ages from 2 to 35 days. We established radioimmunoassay method by which we can measure chicken IGF- I (cIGF- I ) as in rhIGF- I assay. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The dilution curve showed in parallelism between rhIGF- I and cIGF- I in the Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge plasma extracts. 2) The body weight of broiler chicken were significantly increased at 31 days($1,176.50{\pm}99.79g$) and 35 days($1,252.84{\pm}125.21g$) of age in treatment groups, compared with control group($1,011.88{\pm}40.22g,\;1,111.32{\pm}153.67g$). The liver and kidney weights on 35 days$(35.24{\pm}5.18g,\;11.05{\pm}1.47g)$ were significantly higher in rhIGF- I treated group than control group($30.95{\pm}4.04g,\;10.01{\pm}1.60g$) 3) The plasma concentration of IGF- l and total protein in rhIGF- I treated group were $58.17{\pm}1.69ng/ml$, $3.75{\pm}0.62g/dl$ respectively compared with control group $45.70{\pm}1.64ng/ml$, $2.32{\pm}0.53g/dl$. The results suggest that exogenous rhIGF- I increased total body weight, liver and kidney weights in broiler chicken, and it may increase IGF- I and total protein concentration in serum.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1817-1823
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• 2016

Areca nut (AN) chewing is a habit in many countries in Central, Southern, and Southeast Asia. It is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer as well as systemic inflammation. However, the association between AN intake and the development of gastric lesions has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AN on gastric diseases using a mouse model for Helicobacter pylori infection. We studied four groups of mice: those fed a normal diet (ND), those fed a diet containing 2.5% AN (AD), those fed ND and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (ND/HP), and those fed AD and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (AD/HP). Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly during the experiments. At 10 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the stomach weight, H. pylori colonization, and gastric inflammation were evaluated. The stomach weight had increased significantly in the ND/HP and AD/HP groups along with increases in H. pylori colonization; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups with respect to stomach weight and colonization. On histological grading, mononuclear cell infiltration was severer in the AD/HP group than in the ND/HP group. These data suggest that chronic gastric inflammation was aggravated by AN treatment in the mice with H. pylori-induced gastric lesions. Furthermore, as previously suggested, this animal model is useful to determine the effect of potential carcinogens on gastric lesions induced by H. pylori infection.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2009

Bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin, diazinon, fenvalerate, phenthoate 및 procymidone 등 7종의 농약에 대한 잔류시험을 통해 외삽적용을 위한 연구를 실시하였다. 실험을 위해 소면적 재배작물 중 잔류농약 부적합 사례가 많은 작물을 중심으로 11종의 엽채류, 5종의 근채류, 그리고 6종의 경채류를 포함한 총 22종의 작물을 선정하여 재배한 후 7종의 농약을 각각 처리하여 24시간 경과 시점을 1일로 하여 1, 3, 5, 7 일차에 수확하여 분석하였다. 실험결과 회수율은 엽채류는 $72.0{\sim}117.0%$, 경채류는 $81.3{\sim}105.0%$, 그리고 근채류는 $70.1{\sim}108.1%$ 수준이었고 검출한계는 엽채류는 0.005-0.1 mg/kg, 경채류와 근채류는 0.001-0.005mg/kg 수준이었다. 농약의 감소경향과 작물의 표면 형태학적 차이에 의한 농약 잔류특성을 파악 비교하여 선정된 작물을 고잔류군과 저잔류군으로 그룹화하였고 이 내용을 바탕으로 대상 농약들에 대하여 경채류 및 근채류 작물을 대상으로 농약데이터의 외삽을 통한 안전사용기준 및 MRL의 설정이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.