• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.1 s.23
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• pp.47-60
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• 1988

The monthly ambulatory treatment days in newly detected hypertension group and known hypertension group were analyzed. The population was identified through the records of screening examination given by Korea Medical Insurance Corporation during the period from April to July, 1986. From the records of screening examination, 11,614 hypertensive patients were identified. By random sampling,959 patients were selected : among them, 544 fell under the category of known hypertension group and the other 415 fell under the newly detected hypertension group. The monthly ambulatory treatment days of these patients during the period from the April, 1985 to September, 1987 were analyzed in order to compare the exents of medical care utilization as well as to define and analyze the determinants responsible for the ambulatory treatment days between the two groups. The following results were obtained. 1) In the known hypertension group, no statistically significant changes in the ambulatory treatment days was observed after, in comparision to before, the screening examination. However, in the newly detected hypertension group the medical care utilization increased after the screening examination because of hypertension. 2) The ambulatory treatment days for hypertension of the known hypertension was statistically significant and higher than that of the newly detected hypertension group after screening examination. 3) There was no statistically significant change in the ambulatory treatment days in association with diseases other than hypertension in either group before and after the screening examination. 4) There was no statistically significant variable responsible for ambulatory treatment days in the known hypertension group. However, the income was a statistically significant variable in the newly detected hypertension group. 5) After the screening examination, the variables determining the ambulatory treatment days were the age of the patient and the diastolic blood pressure in the known hypertension group. These variables responsible for 2.02% of the total ambulatory treatment days. In the newly detected hypertension group, the income was a statistically significant variable which was responsible for 2.10% of total ambulatory treatment days. The above results satisfied the hypothesis that there would be no significant changes in the ambulatory treatment days before and after the screening examination in the known hypertension group. Also the hypothesis that there would be no significant change in the exents of medical care utilization for the diseases other than hypertension before and after the screening examination in either group was satisfied Also the medical care utilization was significantly higher in the known hypertension group than the newly detected hypertension group after the screening examination. This finding satisfied the hypothesis. This study was limited by the lack of considering fully the variables reponsible for the clinical symptoms of hypertension as well as for the individual characteristics. Thus, the result of this study are not fully adequate to define the determinants responsible for the exents of medical care utilization. In the future studies on medical rare utilization, additional variables should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-28
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• 1994

This study is to investigate the status and problems in the anual physical examination in elementary & secondary schools. The study helps the introduction of health assessment. Two hundreds and forty nurse teachers of elementary & seconcary school in Seoul received in-service traomong fpr 20 daus frp, September 7 to September 27, 1992. Questionnaires were given to the 240 teachers and the number of collected questionnaire is 112. The result of the questionnaire analysis is like the following. First, the answered teachers aged 35~39, 36.6%; experience 6~10 years 37.5%; the number of class 31~40, 28.6%. Among the answered of the school doctors is practicioners. The doctors major subjects are 26.8% of internal medicine and 35.7% of surgery. Second, in elementary & secondary school nurse teachers received in-service training for the primary health assessment. And then 37.5% of schools practiced the health assessment. The term of the health assessment is largely a-year-length, occurately its rate of schools have practiced the assessment reaches 81.0%. The number of health assessment are consist of eyes, nose, ear, throat, skin, spine, heart and other abnormal regions and diseases all over the body. And 83.3% of the rate of the health assessment includes all these contents. The period of the health assessment is 7 to 28 days. Third, the physical examination conducted by school doctors is 91.0%. The method is various; one is 56.6% of the students who checked first by he nurse teacher. The number of 15.1% of the schools is directly checked by the school doctor. The invited medical doctors are divided into two categories. The number of general physician is 61.9%. Contrary to that school doctors are 38.1%. The contents of the medical examination is all the items printed on the medical examination sheet. To follow the medical examination sheet the number of school is 59.6%. Eyes, throat, skin and heart etc. partly medical examination is 40.4%. The rate of schools that used only stethoscope, tongue pressor as the medical instruments reaches 53.4% and 87.1% of elementary & secondary school give the invited doctors the allowance a nurse teachers conference decided. The number of 8.9% schools pay the doctors independent allowance. The medical examomatopm allowance is 200 to 250 won per capita. The rate is 56.1%. Forth, after the medical examination 72.1% of school sends letter to the parents to notice the result of the examination. The number of response from parent is 12.5%. The observation record in secondary school is 70.6% for junior, and 80.0% for senior respectively, and 65.5% is for the elementary school children. To conclude the regular physical examination in elementary & secondary school is very important. Because the students are in the stage of rapid growth and development. Early finding of the students diseases can help to cure with ease. In the light of public health the management of health program in the elementary & secondary school is of consequence.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2000

This study was conducted to find medical care utilization pattern and to examine the affecting factors on medical facilities utilization using Andersen's medical care service behavioral model. Three hundreds and five public officials with detected disease through the health examination in 1998 were surveyed using self-administered questionnaire. And 230 data were available and analyzed. The results of this study were summarized as follows: Among variables of predisposing factors, knowledge for disease, confidence about periodic health examination program in health insurance, and the attitude toward medical utilization in the usual showed significant relations with the medical utilization. Other variables were not related with the medical utilization. Variables of enabling factors did not show significant relations with the medical utilization. Recognition of family members for detected disease had significant relations with the medical utilization. Among variables of need factors, absence caused by detected disease was significantly related with the medical utilization. The number of non-occupational diseases detected, but untreated people were 75(32.6%) of total subjects, mainly because detected diseases seemed insignificant to them. With multiple logistic regression analysis, the significant variables having an effect on the medical facilities utilization were 'knowledge for disease', 'attitude toward medical utilization in the usual', 'recognition of family members for detected disease' and 'experience of absence caused by detected disease'. On considerations of above findings, counselling for detected disease and its treatment, health education for individuals and program for family support promotion are needed for health management of public officials with diseases detected in health examination.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.245-252
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• 1985

Ultrasonographic examination in the obstetrics not only makes easy of the diagnosis of Hydrocephalus, placenta previa, anencephalus and ectopic pregnancy, etc, but also guaranteed its excellence in the diagnosis of women gynecology disease. Especially in case that it doesn't affect radiation hazard on the embryo, its efficiency keeps increasing and it is spotlighted to many clinic doctors. Even though in general hospital we often observe congenital hydrocephalus in Med. Dept. which entirly undergoes the medical examination to the insured, we don't observe even the women delivered with child and it is very difficult to find a rare congenital hydrocephlus throughout other present insurance companies. We inspected a congenital hydrocephalus, which other medical equipments of present insurance companies have many difficulties in the medical examination, accompanied by meningoencephalocele by ultrasonic diagnosis. We analyzed and compared the data by ultrasonic diagnosis with that of surgical diagnosis and the results are follows; 1) We could correctly describe meningoencephalocele by ultrasonic diagnosis. 2) It was able to be diagnosed in LMP 22 weeks. 3) BPD has about 10 mm higher than normal value in LMP 22 weeks. 4) Dilatation of lateral ventricle was observed in LMP 22 weeks. 5) As paralled with ultrasonic diagnosis in pregnancy medical examination, accepting declines including the risk rate can be restrained.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1981

Korean Medical Insurance Cooperation executed the physical checkup intended for all the members of public officials, school personnel in private schools, and the insured as a national-wide event in 1980. This is the result of a part of Taegu district and its contiguous country this hospital took charge of. Physical checkup method was divided into the first health examination and tile second health examination. The second health examination was executed for those who needed reexamination according to the result of the first health examination. After that, we passed judgement on the result finally. The total number of the first health examination was 10,779; 4,606 in public officials, 2,327 in police constables, 3,976 in school personnel in private schools. The classification of physical checkup is as follows; A group: normal groups B group: those who do not require immediate medical care but require preventive measures or who are doubtful of disease or who had undetermined diagnosis (attention) C group: those who require immediate medical care but who are able to be on duty (simple recuperation) D group: those who require immediate medical treatment and recuperation (suspension from office and recuperation) Total B group to the in the first health examination was 4.73%, that of total C,D groups 2.21%. That of total C,D groups to the total in the first health examination by occupation was 2.30% in public officials, 2.19% in police constables, 2.04% in school personnel. Consequently there was no different among occupations. Total C,D groups of hypertension to the total in the first health examination was 1.68% and hypertension was 76.05% to all disease. These rates mentioned to above were higher than any other rate in disease. Subsequently, being low, the rate of diabetes was 15.54%. From the view point of age, the higher rate appeared in men and women over 35 years old of B group and over 45 years old of C,D groups in three occupations in comparison with other ages and the older men were, the higher men who took a disease were.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.115-150
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• 2009

The Article 17 (1) of the Medical Service Act states that no one but medical doctor, dentist or herb doctor shall prepare medical certificate, post-mortem examination, certificate or prescription. Though medical certificate, post-mortem examination or certificate is a private document issued by doctor personally, it is accepted as reliable as public document. Therefore, for medical certificate, post-mortem examination or certificate, unlike other private document to guarantee authenticipy of the content, the Article 233 of the Criminal Act states the Crime of Issuance of Falsified Medical Certificates. In other words, the Criminal Act Article 233 states that If a medical or herb doctor, dentist or midwife prepares false medical certificate, post-mortem examination or certificate life or death, one shall be punished by imprisonment or imprisonment without prison labor for not more than three years, suspension of qualifications for not more than seven years, or a fine not exceeding thirtht million won. The subject of the Crime of Issuance of Falsified Medical Certificates is only a medical or herb doctor, dentist or midwife and the eligibility requirements are specified in the Medical Service Act. Medical certificate is the medical document to be issued by medical doctor to certify the health status and show the Jugdement about the result of the diagnosis, Post-mortem examination is the document to be listed by medical doctor to confirm medically about human body or dead body, and Certificate life or death is a kind of medical certificate to verify the fact of birth or death, the cause of death, such as Birth Certificate, Certificate of Stillbirth or Certificate of Dead Fetus. To constitute the crime of Issuance of Falsified Medical Certificates, it is necessary for the contents of the certificate to be substantially contrary to the truth, as well as it is needed the subjective perception that the contents of the certificate are false. The Supreme Court Decision 2004DO3360 Delivered on March 23, 2006 declared that although the Defendant did not MRI scan, etc. for precise observation about the disability status of Mr Park, it was difficult to believe that the contents of the Disability Certificate of this case were contrary to the objective truth or the defendant had perception that the contents of the certificate were false. I don't agree with the Supreme Court Decision, because the Supreme Court confirmed the decision by the court below despite the Supreme Court should have made the court below retry the reason why the Defendant did not MRI scan, etc. for precise observation about the disability status of Mr Park.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

To make a comparative analysis for clinical application of total hip replacement arthroplasty(THRA) using fluoroscopy, we have performed total hip replacement arthroplasty making 30 patients an object with general radiography and fluoroscopy respectively. The results are as follows : 1) Reexamination rate was 80% of patients and mean 3.9 sheets in the general radiography, where as it was 46.7% and 0.37 sheets in the fluoroscopy(p<0.01) 2) Add examination was 2 cases in the general radiography, but fluoroscopy was no add examination. 3) The total film sheet used was mean 10.16 in the general radiography and 6.73 in the fluoroscopy. 4) In the cause of reexmination and add examination, inaccurate position of patient accounted for 72.6% in the general radiography and poor exposure condition accounted for 45.5% in the fluoroscopy. Total hip replacement arthroplasty using the fluoroscopy decreased reexamination and add examination rate, for these reasons, this method was effective abatement of pain, exposured radiation dose, and examination time and so on.

• Korean journal of medical education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.347-357
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply alternative standard setting methods for the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE), a criterion-referenced written examination, and to compare them to the conventional cut score used on the KMLE. Methods: The process and results of criterion-referenced standard settings (i.e., the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods) were evaluated. The ratio of passing and failing examinees determined using these alternative standard setting methods was compared to the results of the conventional criteria. Additionally, the external, internal and procedural evaluation of these methods were reviewed. Results: The modified-Angoff method yielded the highest cut score, followed sequentially by the conventional method and the bookmark method. The classification agreement between the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods was 0.720 measured by Cohen's ${\kappa}$ coefficient. The intra-panelist classification consistency of modified-Angoff method was higher than bookmark method. However, the inter-panelist classification consistency was vice versa. The standard setting panelists' survey results showed that the procedures of both methods were satisfactory, but panelists had more confidence in the results of the modified-Angoff method. Conclusion: The modified-Angoff method showed results that were more similar to those of the conventional method. Both new methods showed very high concordance with the conventional method, as well as with each other. The modified-Angoff method was considered feasible for adoption on the KMLE. The standard setting panelists responded positively to the modified-Angoff method in terms of its practical applicability, despite certain advantages of the bookmark method.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-135
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• 2007

In preparation of the medical examination records, the failure to correctly write the taken medical behaviors on the medical examination records, is subject to criminal conviction due to the breach of the Article 21-1. The false or overstated writings on the medical examination records is subject to the same punishment due to the Article 21-1, which $\underline{additionally}$ may lead to the administrative measures such as the suspension of license according to Article 53-1. The interpretation is considered as proper in light of the function of the medical examination records, hazard to the patients, and the doctors' ethics. In light of the attitude of The Supreme Court for the preparation obligation of the medical examination records specified in the medical law Article 21-1(Purport : The doctors may continue to use their opinions on the patient's status and treatment process on the medical examination records, may provide the proper information to other medical staff, and ought to specify the details enough to decide the appropriateness of such medical behaviors after the recent treatment.), the false writings of the doctors on the medical examination records of the non-treated patient as faithfully treated one during the entire period before the present hospitalization, will be regarded as the fulfillment obligation of the preparation of the medical examination records in the medical law Article 21-1.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1986

In life insurance the goal of medical examination is to exclude medical, environmental adverse-selection to the utmost. And keeping the principle of equity and the homogeneity of risk in the group of the insured, you are able to manage the company reasonably and realize the orginal ideal of life insurance, namely, the mutual assistance. And yet, the cases of the misrepresentation have been occurred frequently so far. As a result of them, the development of life insurance industry has been obstructed, and public criticism has been caused. Carrying medical examination, you have to know how the representation is important, And citing what the misrepresentation and false representation influenced the results, I want you to refer to medical exam-business.